Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

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2. Climate Adaptation at the World Bank GroupHighlights During implementation of the SFDCC, country-level attention to climate change adaptation surged. National-level projects have built adaptation capacity. Projects have been less effective when spreadtoo thinly across many issues, sectors, and locations. National-level support for climate adaptation has strongly emphasized climate variability, withpresumed long-term benefits, rather than anticipatory adaptation to climate change. The Bank Group currently lacks systematic screening procedures for climate risk. The Bank Group’s climate results framework emphasizes inputs rather than resilience-relatedoutcomes and impacts.2.1 This section reviews explicit Bank Group attention to climate adaptation at thestrategic, country, and project level. At the strategic level, it reviews accomplishmentsunder the “Strategic Framework for Development and Climate Change,” and criticallyassesses the new results framework put in place to guide future efforts. At the projectlevel, it assesses current practice in screening Bank Group investment projects forclimate risk. At the country level, it assesses progress in integrating climate changeadaptation into CASs, describes adaptation-related development policy operations, andnational-level investment planning under the Pilot Program for Climate Resilience. Itconcludes with in-depth evaluations of the three longest-running projects devotedexclusively to climate adaptation at the national or regional level: those in theCaribbean, Colombia, and Kiribati. These provide early lessons for a spate of similarprojects underway or in planning.Strategic Attention to Climate Adaptation at the World Bank Group2.2 The 1992 Framework Convention on Climate Change recognized the need forclimate change adaptation, but adaptation had a low profile at the Bank Group formany years. (It must be noted that globally, much more attention was initially devotedto climate mitigation than adaptation.) The first Bank-executed adaptation project wasfunded by the GEF in 1997 (see page 25). The 2001 Environment Strategy (World Bank2001) named adaptation a strategic priority. It emphasized reduction of vulnerability tothe current climate, and said that the Bank would mobilize a “Vulnerability andAdaptation Fund” to cover vulnerability assessments and methodology development.However, the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), which11
CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GROUPfulfilled some of the functions of the Vulnerability and Adaptation Fund, was notestablished until 2006.2.3 Adaptation was recognized in the Bank Group’s Clean Energy InvestmentFramework (2006-08), but achieved a higher profile with the 2008 adoption of theSFDCC (World Bank 2008b), which spanned FY09-11. The SFDCC’s objectives were:To “effectively support sustainable development and poverty reduction at thenational, regional, and local levels, as additional climate risks and climate-relatedeconomic opportunities arise” andto “use the [World Bank Group’s] potential to facilitate global action andinteractions by all countries.”Six lines of action combined adaptation and greenhouse gas mitigation in pursuit ofthese goals. Specific climate adaptation pledges are shown in Box 2-2. A completeaccounting of adaptation-related indicators and an assessment of their fulfillment is inAppendix B.2.4 Overall, the SFDCC witnessed a striking increase in the profile of climateadaptation at the Bank Group. Accomplishments included:A take-off in explicit reference to climate change adaptation in World Bankproject documentation 4 (Figure 2.1)Substantial analytic work, including the World Development Report (World Bank2009b) and the Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change (World Bank 2010c)Increased attention to climate adaptation in CASs (see below) and in sectoral andregional strategiesMobilization of funding (in collaboration with regional multilateral developmentbanks) for the Pilot Program on Climate Resilience.2.5 The SFDCC was less successful in articulating specific strategic directions andoperational procedures that would be responsive to country demands while tapping theBank Group’s potential to provide guidance on pursuing this new agenda. Two aspectsare discussed below. First, an overall results framework was delivered after the SFDCCclosed, rather than midterm as promised. The new results framework has shortcomingsdescribed below. Second, neither the World Bank nor IFC has yet developed andapplied systematic procedures to screen projects for climate risks.12
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Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5: ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8: AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 11 and 12: GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
Page 13 and 14: GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16: AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19 and 20: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 21 and 22: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24: OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26: OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28: OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30: OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 32 and 33: Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
Page 34 and 35: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45: 1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
Page 74 and 75: 3. Dealing with Climate Variability
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
Page 82 and 83: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
Page 84 and 85: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
Page 86 and 87: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
Page 88 and 89: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
Page 90 and 91: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
Page 92 and 93: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
Page 94 and 95: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
Page 96 and 97: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
Page 98 and 99: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
Page 100 and 101: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
Page 102 and 103: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
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4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
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Integration of Climate Change Consi
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
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5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
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CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
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Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
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APPENDIX B• Social Development St
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APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
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Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
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APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the
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APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
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APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
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Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
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Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
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APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
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Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
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REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
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REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
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REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
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ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
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ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
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ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
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ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
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