Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

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ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender and Climate Change. UNDP, 2009. Training Manual onGender and Climate Change. IUCN, UNDP and the Global Gender and Climate Alliance,2009.62 IEG reviewed agency documents and conducted interviews with staff in internationaldevelopment organizations and NGOs implementing activities on the ground in ASALs inan attempt to supplement, validate, and cross-check evidence from ILRI’s impact analysis ofALRMP.63 Precursor projects dated to the mid-1980s and included the Emergency Drought Recoveryproject of 1993.64 DSGs and DMOs as well as key drought management products, such as droughtmonitoring bulletin and early warning system provide technical inputs into nationaldrought management policy response efforts in the Kenya Food Security Steering Group(KFSSG), the Kenya Food Security Meeting (KFSM), and the Government of KenyaCoordination Structure for Crisis. The EU-funded Drought Management Initiative builds onthe structures and ALRMP with a view to strengthen the role and capacities of DSGs. KeyALRMP drought management activities, such as the publication and dissemination ofdrought monitoring bulletin and early warning systems, have been incorporated into theMinistry for Development of Northern Kenya and Other Arid Lands (Min N&KAL).Theexperiences and lessons from ALRMP and DMI have informed institutional change fordrought management and response through the creation of a National DroughtManagement Authority, (NDMA), and Drought Contingency Fund.65 Subsequent audit findings suggest, however, that recorded district expenditures maydiffer substantially from actual expenditures, so that the relationship may be stronger thanthe analysis detected.66 This analysis distinguished intervention vs. control locations based on a categorization bydistrict staff. It found a .177 increase in z-score for the intervened locations, using adifference-in-difference approach. There was no significant difference when locations werecharacterized based on ALRMP expenditure—but as noted earlier, expenditure may beinaccurately measured.67 The impact evaluation compared outcomes of households receiving five years of supportwith comparable households receiving one year of support. A households was consideredfood-insecure if it could not satisfy its food needs for five or more days in a month.68 Other potential effects include increased damage to road surfaces through buckling fromextreme heat, damage to road structures built in permafrost areas due to temperaturechanges, and accelerated rusting and degradation of some road infrastructure due toincreased salinity, but these are likely of secondary magnitude69 For paved roads, changes in design standards may need to be made at increments of 10cmper year of annual precipitation or 3° Celsius increases in average temperatures, atconstruction cost increases of 0.8 percent for each increment (Lea International, L.D. 1995;NOAA 2009, FEMA 1998).70 This evaluation did not conduct a comprehensive portfolio analysis of road projects.149
The World Bank GroupWorking for a World Free of PovertyThe World Bank Group consists of five institutions – the International Bank forReconstruction and Development (IBRD), the International Finance Corporation(IFC), the International Development Association (IDA), the MultilateralInvestment Guarantee Agency (MIGA), and the International Centre for theSettlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID). Its mission is to fight povertyfor lasting results and to help people help themselves and their environmentby providing resources, sharing knowledge, building capacity, and forgingpartnerships in the public and private sectors.The Independent Evaluation GroupIMPROVING THE WORLD BANK GROUP’S DEVELOPMENT RESULTS THROUGHEXCELLENCE IN EVALUATIONThe Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) is an independent unit within theWorld Bank Group. It reports directly to the Board of Executive Directors, whichoversees IEG’s work through its Committee on Development Effectiveness. IEGis charged with evaluating the activities of the World Bank (the InternationalBank for Reconstruction and Development and the International DevelopmentAssociation), the work of the International Finance Corporation in privatesector development, and the guarantee projects and services of the MultilateralInvestment Guarantee Agency.The goals of evaluation are to learn from experience, to provide an objectivebasis for assessing the results of the Bank Group’s work, and to provideaccountability in the achievement of its objectives. It also improves Bank Groupwork by identifying and disseminating the lessons learned from experience andby framing recommendations drawn from evaluation findings.ISBN 978-0-8213-9717-6SKU 19717
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Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
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ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
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CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
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AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
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GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
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GLOSSARYSustainable land management
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AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
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STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
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STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
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OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
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OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
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OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
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OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
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Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
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MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
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MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
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ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
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ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
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1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
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CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
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CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
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CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
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CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
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2. Climate Adaptation at the World
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CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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3. Dealing with Climate Variability
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
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4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
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Integration of Climate Change Consi
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
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5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
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CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
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Page 145 and 146: Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX B• Social Development St
Page 149 and 150: APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
Page 151 and 152: Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 155 and 156: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 157 and 158: Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
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Page 161 and 162: APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
Page 165 and 166: Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
Page 167 and 168: Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
Page 171 and 172: Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
Page 173 and 174: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
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Page 177 and 178: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
Page 181 and 182: REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
Page 186 and 187: ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
Page 188 and 189: ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
Page 190 and 191: ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
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