Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

Figure H.1. Map of Active World Bank Projects in Africa by Remoteness and AridityAPPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCENote: some projects have multiple locations. Only projects with location data at the subnational level are included.Source: IEG, based on LADA drylands and WBI geolocation of projects. Jan 12 2012In sum, a substantial proportion of World Bank agriculture investments in Sub-Saharan Africa target SLWM activities at climate-sensitive locations. The nextsection assesses lessons from analogous, completed projects.The main data sources for the mapping exercise were the following: Location data of the active World Bank portfolio, as of September 2011,provided by the World Bank Institute Mapping for results Team. Projectswere mapped if their precision code was 4.2 or less. Some of the non-mappedprojects are inherently not mappable, for instance policy loans or othernational-level efforts. Climatic zones (based on Length of Growing Period), poverty characteristicsand population data of the FAO LADA project (Nachtergael and Petri 2011).125
APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylands are defined (FAO/IIASA 2010) as having a growing period lengthof 60 to 180 days.Accessibility map, created by Siobhan Murray. Areas were classified asremote if they were more than 5 hours travel time from the nearest city of100,000 or moreH2: Economic Value of Mangrove Coastal Protection BenefitsIEG examined 16 completed World Bank projects approved since 1990 of which 8identified coastal protection as a project impact (even if coastal protection was notnecessarily an objective or goal of the project). But these projects provided littleevidence on the economic value of coastal protection benefits.In the cases where disaster risk reduction benefits were estimated, they were forproject-wide benefits (which came primarily from dikes or other forest benefits)without a breakout for the mangrove component. In one case, the percentage ofdisaster damage that would need to be averted in order for project benefits to exceedcosts was estimated at 4.62 percent, but the likelihood that this target would besurpassed was merely asserted as “likely” without any further analysis. In anothercase, the main economic analysis did not include “unquantifiable” protectivebenefits from mangroves, but a secondary calculation assumed mangrove values of$3,100-$3,800 per hectare (based on extrapolation from estimations used for other,unnamed regions). Where economic returns from afforestation benefits aremeasured, these are usually due to economic benefits from aquaculture rather thanestimating the value of protective benefits. In some cases, attribution of projectimpacts on forest cover is also unclear, because the project overlapped with other(sometimes much larger) programs outside of the project aimed at supportingmangrove afforestation in the same region.A number of papers attempt to estimate the “total economic value” of mangroveand other wetland ecosystems, which includes direct benefits, option values, andexistence values. But most of these focus primarily on forest goods and services(such as timber and fisheries), and many that estimate protective benefits usequestionable methodologies. For example, Gunawardena and Rowan (2005) use areplacement cost approach (“what would be the cost of building a physical coastalprotection system in this area, if mangroves were removed”) but fail to considerwhether it would be optimal to build such a system and without consideringwhether mangroves provide equivalent protective benefits to the proposed physicalbarriers. This method can thus dramatically overstate the protective benefitsprovided by mangroves. Other papers (Ramsar Convention on Wetlands 2005) riskmisstating the benefits of coastal protection by calculating an average benefit per126
Page 1 and 2:
Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5:
ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8:
AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 11 and 12:
GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
Page 13 and 14:
GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16:
AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19 and 20:
STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 21 and 22:
STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24:
OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26:
OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28:
OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30:
OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 32 and 33:
Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
Page 34 and 35:
MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36:
MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40:
ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42:
ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45:
1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 54 and 55:
2. Climate Adaptation at the World
Page 56 and 57:
CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
3. Dealing with Climate Variability
Page 76 and 77:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
Page 78 and 79:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
Page 80 and 81:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
Page 86 and 87:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
Page 88 and 89:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
Page 90 and 91:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
Page 94 and 95:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
Page 96 and 97:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
Page 98 and 99:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
Page 100 and 101:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
Page 102 and 103:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
Page 104 and 105:
4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
Page 106 and 107:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
Page 108 and 109:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
Page 110 and 111:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
Page 112 and 113:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
Page 114 and 115:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
Page 116 and 117:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
Page 120 and 121: Integration of Climate Change Consi
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
Page 126 and 127: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
Page 128 and 129: 5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
Page 136: CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
Page 139 and 140: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
Page 141 and 142: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
Page 145 and 146: Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX B• Social Development St
Page 149 and 150: APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
Page 151 and 152: Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 155 and 156: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 157 and 158: Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
Page 159 and 160: APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the
Page 161 and 162: APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
Page 165 and 166: Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
Page 167: Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
Page 171 and 172: Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
Page 173 and 174: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
Page 177 and 178: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
Page 181 and 182: REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
Page 186 and 187: ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
Page 188 and 189: ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
Page 190 and 191: ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
Page 192 and 193: ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
show all

Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

Create successful ePaper yourself

Delete template?

Save as template?