Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

More documents

Recommendations

Info

APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTSquestionable. The extent of such fiduciary issues remains a major challenge toaddressing persistent food security and reducing livelihood vulnerability in Kenya.In connection with the audit, the project was shut down prematurely, raisingquestions of sustainability. While ALRMP’s institutional advances appear to berobust, the abrupt cutoff in funding hampered responses to the 2010-11 drought.Agency responses suggested that the drought response in 2010-11 was less effectiveand timely than those in previous years, in part, due to the absence of funding forthe Drought Contingency Plan. Consequently, critical drought mitigationinterventions, such as emergency livestock marketing, were either late or notimplemented at all.The International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI) assessed the impact of ALRMPII based on extensive surveys and statistical analysis (Johnson and Wambile 2011). Itfound significant institutional contributions, but only weak evidence of impacts onlivelihoods and resilience, as follows:Number of people needing food aid: The analysis found a small but negative andstatistically significant correlation between cumulative ALRMP expenditureand the percent of people needing food aid in the arid districts. Thecorrelation between ALRMPII expenditure and the percent of people needingfood aid was not significant in semiarid districts. 65Emergency response to drought: The time that agencies took between becomingaware of an emergency and responding dropped by 1.5 weeks (16 percent)during the time that ALRMP was operational.Impacts on child nutritional status: Using a very large sample, one analysisfound a modest increase in nutritional status in areas benefiting fromALRMP. 66 No gender analysis was performed.Access to social services: There was no significant difference betweenintervened and control areas.Institutional impact: Thirty-five percent of community representatives reportmore empowerment. Various respondents reported significant contributionsto national policy development.Ethiopia Productive Safety Nets ProgramThe Ethiopia PSNP is now in its third phase. The program was designed totransform Ethiopia’s safety net system externally and internally. The starting pointwas a reactive system, funded by emergency appeals to donors, that used foodtransfers for drought relief. The system transitioned to a multiyear prefinancedsystem that set aside contingency funds for years of severe drought. Drought relief115
APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the form of payments for labor on community-identified public works intendedto build up resilience to future droughts. Additional funds were provided as directsupport to especially vulnerable households.The PSNP has been the subject of rigorous impact evaluation by the InternationalFood Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), with a panel of households surveyed everytwo years. Studies (Berhane, Hoddinott and others 2011a) found that participants inthe public works component of the PSNP experienced 1.5 fewer food-insecuremonths than nonparticipants in areas not affected by drought. 67 In drought-affectedareas, the reduction was 0.93 months. (The evaluation was not able to detect animpact on caloric intake, perhaps for technical reasons.) In both areas, participationin the public works component increased animal holdings by 0.4 tropical livestockunits. Direct support payments to households unable to supply labor, also reducedfood insecurity. The evaluation found that public works participants who alsoreceived extension and credit services were more likely to invest in stone terracing (asoil conservation measure) and fertilizer, boosting their yields.IFPRI also evaluated the implementation and institutional performance of thesystem. The system is improving over time, but there are shortcomings. Budgets arenot adequate to meet the needs of all eligible people, so rationing takes place. Theearly warning system is improving, but most districts are not able to use it foreffective contingency planning. The payment cycle takes 39 days on average, withwide variations between districts. Women are well represented on subdistrictcommittees, but work allocation does not take account of women’s greater domestictime obligations or differentiate on the basis of ability to perform heavy physicallabor. Implementation challenges have been greatest in lowland regions populatedby pastoralists (Berhane, Hoddinott and others 2011b).116
Page 1 and 2:
Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5:
ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7:
CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8:
AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 11 and 12:
GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
Page 13 and 14:
GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16:
AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19 and 20:
STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 21 and 22:
STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24:
OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26:
OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28:
OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30:
OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 32 and 33:
Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
Page 34 and 35:
MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36:
MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40:
ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42:
ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45:
1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53:
CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 54 and 55:
2. Climate Adaptation at the World
Page 56 and 57:
CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
Page 58 and 59:
Page 60 and 61:
Page 62 and 63:
Page 64 and 65:
Page 66 and 67:
Page 68 and 69:
Page 70 and 71:
Page 72 and 73:
Page 74 and 75:
3. Dealing with Climate Variability
Page 76 and 77:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
Page 78 and 79:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
Page 80 and 81:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
Page 82 and 83:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
Page 84 and 85:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
Page 86 and 87:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
Page 88 and 89:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
Page 90 and 91:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
Page 92 and 93:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
Page 94 and 95:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
Page 96 and 97:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
Page 98 and 99:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
Page 100 and 101:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
Page 102 and 103:
CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
Page 104 and 105:
4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
Page 106 and 107:
CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
Page 108 and 109: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
Page 110 and 111: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
Page 112 and 113: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
Page 114 and 115: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
Page 116 and 117: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
Page 118 and 119: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
Page 120 and 121: Integration of Climate Change Consi
Page 122 and 123: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
Page 124 and 125: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
Page 126 and 127: CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
Page 128 and 129: 5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
Page 130 and 131: CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
Page 136: CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
Page 139 and 140: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
Page 141 and 142: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
Page 143 and 144: APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
Page 145 and 146: Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
Page 147 and 148: APPENDIX B• Social Development St
Page 149 and 150: APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
Page 151 and 152: Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
Page 153 and 154: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 155 and 156: APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
Page 157: Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
Page 161 and 162: APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
Page 163 and 164: APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
Page 165 and 166: Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
Page 167 and 168: Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
Page 169 and 170: APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
Page 171 and 172: Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
Page 173 and 174: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
Page 175 and 176: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
Page 177 and 178: APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
Page 179 and 180: REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
Page 181 and 182: REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
Page 183 and 184: REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
Page 186 and 187: ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
Page 188 and 189: ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
Page 190 and 191: ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
Page 192 and 193: ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
show all

Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?