Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

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STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY PANELanticipatory adaptation projects have often been for relatively small time and spatialscales, for which climate variability tends to be much larger than climate trends. It istherefore unsurprising that few examples of anticipatory adaptation exist. IEG isright to recommend more emphasis on long-lived decisions such as land useplanning, and could have equally emphasized regional to global investments suchas in agricultural research and genetic resources. Although these are a relativelysmall part of the Bank’s overall portfolio, they may provide the most immediateopportunities for anticipatory adaptation.Some of the report’s most important recommendations concern the need to learn.Learning is a key focus of the evaluation and rightly so. Our capacity to adapt willimprove only if we can absorb the concrete lessons that emerge from practicaladaptation programs, including the extensive cohort of coping and adaptationexperiences related to climate variability and disaster risk reduction. The IEG report(besides adding its own lessons to the body of knowledge) makes crucialrecommendations on the need to build learning much more systematically intoadaptation programs. Many of the Bank’s adaptation projects are labeled as pilotprograms, which makes it essential that lessons (both positive and negative) aredistilled and learned as a matter of course. Appropriately evaluated, initiatives suchas the Pilot Programme on Climate Resilience can offer rich insights into bothclimate variability and anticipatory adaptation, which could be fed into thedevelopment of a crisper strategic direction for adaptation. To date, too many pilotprograms have failed to generate clear lessons.The IEG evaluation focuses rightly on the Bank’s own performance in its lendingdecisions and adaptation choices. However, it is worth remembering the widerpolicy context in which adaptation takes place and the emerging framework forinternational adaptation support. They have important repercussions for the Bank’sfuture approach to adaptation.Under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, developedcountries have pledged to provide climate finance of up to US$ 100 billion a year by2030. This is almost as much as the current level of official development assistanceand much of it will be earmarked for adaptation. The origination, governance, andmanagement of these funds raise complex questions. The Bank has an important rolein this debate, and indeed has played a leadership role in the provision of fast-startclimate finance through the Climate Investment Funds, which include adaptation.However, it is clear that the institutional landscape on adaptation finance willbecome more complex, more diverse, and perhaps more competitive in the future.New organizations are likely to emerge with core mandates in adaptation support.The Bank will have to position itself in this new institutional landscape.xvii
STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY PANELNo development institution can ignore the risks posed by climate change. The Bankis well aware of this reality. As the IEG report demonstrates, the Bank has a goodtrack record as an implementer of adaptation projects. It has also made progress inintegrating climate vulnerability into country assistance strategies. However, thereport is right when it talks about “unresolved challenges” in incorporating climaterisks into project design and appraisal. Much more remains to be done in particularto ensure there is sufficient capacity and support to populate and sustain institutionsand appropriate technologies for long-term adaptation planning andimplementation. The adaptation challenge has only just started.Prof. Samuel FankhauserCo-Director, Grantham Research Institute on Climate Change, London School of EconomicsDr. Saleemul HuqSenior Fellow, International Institute on Environment and Development, LondonProf. David LobellProfessor in Environmental Earth System Science, Stanford University, Stanford, Calif.Prof. Coleen VogelIndependent Researcher, South Africaxviii
Page 1 and 2: Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5: ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8: AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 11 and 12: GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
Page 13 and 14: GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16: AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24: OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26: OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28: OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30: OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 32 and 33: Management ResponseIntroductionWorl
Page 34 and 35: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45: 1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 54 and 55: 2. Climate Adaptation at the World
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
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3. Dealing with Climate Variability
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
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4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
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Integration of Climate Change Consi
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
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5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
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CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
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Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
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APPENDIX B• Social Development St
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APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
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Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
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APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the
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APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
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APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
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Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
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Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
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APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
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Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
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REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
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REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
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REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
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ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
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ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
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ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
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ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
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