Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

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Management ResponseIntroductionWorld Bank Group management welcomes this Independent Evaluation Group (IEG) review ofWorld Bank Group support for Adapting to Climate Change and thanks IEG’s staff for the closeand constructive dialogue with management and staff during its preparation. Given the heightenedattention to climate-resilient development, this evaluation will contribute to the World Bank Group’sefforts to work more effectively to deliver services demanded by its clients to address the impactsfrom climate change to development.Management provided detailed comments to IEG on the first draft and it is pleased to see thatmost of its suggestions were incorporated in the final draft. The first section sets out commentsfrom World Bank management. The second section provides International Finance Corporation(IFC) management comments. The Management Action Record is attached as Annex 1.World Bank Management CommentsClimate variability and change pose risks to hard earned development gains of many partnercountries, but also provide opportunities to move towards climate-resilient development. TheBank’s approach has been to generate the needed knowledge, seek funding, and help partnercountries pilot new approaches to incorporate climate resiliency into policies and programs thatdeliver results on the ground.Over the last few years, the Bank has accelerated its work on climate-resilient development and useda learning-by-doing approach. There has been increased discussion of vulnerability and resilience inmany country assistance and partnership strategies as a result of climate change mainstreaming calledfor in the Strategic Framework for Development and Climate Change (SFDCC) and theInternational Development Association (IDA)16 requirement. The Bank’s climate coding workclearly demonstrates a significant change in commitments to projects and programs incorporatingadaptation over fiscal years 2011-12. Moving to action in countries has meant working with partnersand across multiple sectors. To achieve this, Bank teams have found it necessary to spend timedeveloping partnerships and coordinating efforts in partner countries where cross-sectoralcollaboration is often not the norm. Our work has also shown that results are not as swift as mayhave been envisaged when the SFDCC was developed. Over the last few years, the Bank has learnedvaluable lessons to help move from conceptual basis to action on the ground.Our work has highlighted some challenges that need to be addressed to help partner countriessystematically and coherently move towards climate-resilient development. Low- income countries(LICs), in particular, are faced with a large choice of funds that are wholly or partly for adaptationand climate-related disaster risk management. This complex, and often fragmented, landscape in alimited capacity and knowledge arena is a challenge for many LICs. The donor community as awhole needs to help simplify this landscape and the Bank is committed to work with partnercountries to improve their knowledge and capacity to navigate through this complex landscape. Weneed to improve the practical knowledge and tools available to the Bank project teams. We need tointernally, and with partner countries, explicitly and systematically, incorporate climate resiliency intoall sectors, and across sectors, through all instruments. We need to deepen and strengthen our workxxix
MANAGEMENT RESPONSEon country strategies and operations. We need to also extract lessons learned from our ongoingwork, use that knowledge to inform the design of new projects and identify gaps and weaknesses.We need to find the necessary resources to address those gaps – including capacity and tools. Weneed to build on our climate coding work and ensure that our intent is translated into measurableoutcomes. These actions will contribute to the global agenda and ensure that risks to developmentfrom climate variability and change in partner countries are minimized.The IEG report provides good insights into the challenges the Bank has faced in addressingadaptation to climate change. The report raises some general issues, such as the close links betweenadaptation and development, and the difficulty of separating good development from “adaptation.”In many of our partner countries, the challenges for adaptation are similar to the challenges todevelopment and in many cases they are inseparable from each other. The complexity of the factorsand the causal relationships involved in adaptation, adaptive capacity, and resiliency noted in thereport with the importance of learning to assess and understand these issues is appreciated. We alsoagree with the report’s conclusion on the need to assess risks differently for long-terminvestments—such as infrastructure, coastal, and urban planning— versus that for short-terminterventions—such as increasing the variety of food crops grown in an area.The IEG report supports the importance for sustained engagement in climate-resilient development.The report has demonstrated that the Bank’s continued and sustained engagement has led topositive outcomes for climate-resilient development in partner countries. This is an importantfinding and implies that we should continue to take and/or scale-up programmatic and sustainedefforts for climate-resilient development.While we welcome this report, we consider that this evaluation may come too early. Much of theBank’s work on climate-resilient development—especially that supported by the Pilot Program forClimate Resilience (PPCR) and other Bank-managed trust funded work (e.g. Global Facility forDisaster Risk Reduction and Recovery – GFDRR and the Maldives and Bangladesh multi-donortrust funds) is at an early stage of planning or implementation. The value of the IEG report as aresource for task teams and as a knowledge product would have been greater had IEG been able toincorporate the lessons from this much broader body of work.Specific recommendations. Bank management is in broad agreement with IEG’srecommendations for the Bank. Management concurs with the findings of the report that asystematic approach or guidance on how to incorporate climate risks at the strategic/program/project levels is needed. Given the challenges and needs we have identified, the implementation ofthis goal will help management take a systematic approach in incorporating climate resilience intoour work. In developing guidelines, management will build on ongoing work in the water and energysectors, social development, in the Regions (such as the flagship report on climate change andinfrastructure in Africa, on Climate Adaptation in Arab Countries in the Middle East and NorthAfrica), and the various tools available through the Climate Change Knowledge Portal (CCKP). Ourexisting approach includes guidelines and tools applicable at various levels—e.g., area, project, andsector. In expanding this approach, management will also draw on the financing and technicalexpertise and tools available for use by task teams. As part of the IDA16 work program, “screeningtools” for incorporating climate resilience into country assistance/partnership strategies and projectsare being developed. However, the Bank’s work to date has shown that it is not just the lack ofguidelines for task teams that is a major obstacle to systematic consideration of climate changeadaptation options, but the way these tools and knowledge are made available and how specific theyxxx
Page 1 and 2: Adapting to Climate Change:Assessin
Page 4 and 5: ContentsGLOSSARY ..................
Page 6 and 7: CONTENTSBoxesthe role of IFC ......
Page 8: AbbreviationsACCACVCCCCCCCCCTCDMCEI
Page 11 and 12: GLOSSARYClimate variability: Variat
Page 13 and 14: GLOSSARYSustainable land management
Page 16: AcknowledgmentsThis evaluation was
Page 19 and 20: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 21 and 22: STATEMENT OF THE EXTERNAL ADVISORY
Page 23 and 24: OVERVIEWClimate adaptation comprise
Page 25 and 26: OVERVIEWfor others. Another approac
Page 27 and 28: OVERVIEWcoffee, may require infrast
Page 29 and 30: OVERVIEWscale pilot projects, asses
Page 34 and 35: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEare. The Bank wi
Page 36: MANAGEMENT RESPONSEweighting or pro
Page 39 and 40: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 41 and 42: ANNEX 1MANAGEMENT ACTION RECORD MAT
Page 44 and 45: 1. Context and ApproachHighlights C
Page 46 and 47: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHOften
Page 48 and 49: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHbut wo
Page 50 and 51: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHAntici
Page 52 and 53: CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe fu
Page 54 and 55: 2. Climate Adaptation at the World
Page 56 and 57: CHAPTER 2ADAPTATION AT THE BANK GRO
Page 74 and 75: 3. Dealing with Climate Variability
Page 76 and 77: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.3 Cli
Page 78 and 79: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-1
Page 80 and 81: CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYRESEARC
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY1999 (L
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYBox 3-4
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.34 An
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYto incr
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYdisaste
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYTHE BAN
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.59 Li
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfund di
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYfrom se
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITY3.80 Lo
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CHAPTER 3CLIMATE VARIABILITYonly ha
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4. Anticipatory Adaptation to Clima
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONlev
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONFor
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONTab
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONBox
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONANA
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONfut
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Integration of Climate Change Consi
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONare
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONcha
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CHAPTER 4ANTICIPATORY ADAPTATIONres
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5. Conclusions and RecommendationsC
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CHAPTER 5CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDA
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP04
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearPro
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APPENDIX APIDCountryApprovalYearP00
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Appendix BAdaptation-Related Indica
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APPENDIX B• Social Development St
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APPENDIX B• Subnational level app
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Appendix CResults IndicatorsTable C
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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APPENDIX CRESULTS INDICATORSIndicat
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Appendix DDrought Mitigation Projec
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APPENDIX DDROUGHT PROJECTStook the
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APPENDIX EROADSroads to higher stan
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APPENDIX FANALYTIC WORK ON CLIMATE
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Appendix GEvaluation MethodologiesG
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Appendix HAdditional EvidenceH1. Lo
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APPENDIX HADDITIONAL EVIDENCEDrylan
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Appendix IProject ExamplesAppendix
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESplanted a
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESand that
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APPENDIX IPROJECT EXAMPLESunsurpris
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REFERENCESDoell, P., H. Hoffmann‐
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REFERENCESMcGray, H., A. Hammill, R
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REFERENCESUnited Nations Developmen
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ENDNOTESEndnotes1 Lobell, Schlenker
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ENDNOTES22 In Ethiopia, communities
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ENDNOTES39 This review draws upon a
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ENDNOTES61 Resource Guide on Gender
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