Adapting to Climate Change: Assessing the World Bank Group ...

CHAPTER 1CONTEXT AND APPROACHthe full arsenal of evaluation techniques, including impact evaluation. In contrast, itcould be a long wait to see whether a dam withstands the 500-year flood for which itwas designed, or whether a coastal zone management project makes a coral reefmore resilient to the sea temperatures of the 2030s. For adaptation to extreme orlong-term risks, evaluation has to rely on checking the plausibility of the logicalframework and project design, and on checking whether intermediate outcomeshave been achieved. For capacity building, it is necessary to rely on measures ofinstitutional effectiveness or capability (Table 1.3 summarizes).PORTFOLIO ANALYSIS1.24 Given both the conceptual difficulty of distinguishing climate adaptationfrom development, and the Bank Group’s lack of fine-grained categorization ofprojects and studies, this evaluation does not attempt a comprehensive measure ofthe Bank Group’s adaptation expenditure or effort. It does include the followingissue-focused assessments: Review of outcomes of selected sustainable land and water management,watershed management, and drought management projects, FY98-FY11[chapter 3] Review of FY08-11 disaster projects; flood project implementation completionreports (ICRs) FY01-FY11 [chapter 3] Degree of consideration of climate risks in investment project design in allWorld Bank investments in FY11 and IFC investments in climate-sensitivesectors FY05-FY11) [chapter 2] Hydropower projects appraised FY08-FY11 [chapter 4] Biodiversity projects appraised FY09-FY11 [chapter 5] Completed national-level explicit adaptation projects [chapter 2] Extent of substantive inclusion of climate adaptation in CASs. [chapter 2]Specific evaluation methodologies are discussed in the respective chapters.1.25 Country visits were made, in connection with this evaluation, to Barbados,Belize, Cambodia, Colombia, Jamaica, Kenya, Kiribati, Lao People’s DemocraticRepublic (PDR), St. Lucia, South Africa, and Vietnam.9