Proceedings of SerbiaTrib '13

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within thermal treatment of the composites.The presence of micro-cracks negativelyaffected corrosion resistance of thermallytreated ZA27/SiC p composites.SiC particles were not involved in corrosionprocesses because of their inherent chemicalstability. However, these particles haveinfluenced corrosion behavior of ZA27/SiC pcomposites. The continuity of boundarysurfaces matrix/particle is disturbed in theclusters of SiC particles. On these placesmicro-pores and micro-cracks can be formed.Due to the retention of sodium-chloridesolution in these places, local progress ofcorrosion in depth of the composite matrix wasnoticed, as it was mentioned before.Figure 3. Corrosion products of the of thermally treatedZA27/3wt.%SiC p composite after 30-day exposure in3.5 wt.% NaCl (SEM): a) surface appearance, b) detail.During exposure in the sodium-chloridesolution, corrosion products were formed onthe surface of the composite samples. Spongy,white deposits of the corrosion products,mostly in the form of rosettes, are shown inFigure 3a, b.Microstructural examinations of thermallytreated ZA27/SiC p composites, after exposurein the sodium-chloride solution, made itpossible to gain some insight into the influenceof corrosion processes on the structure of thesecomposite materials. It was found thatcorrosion started in places of mechanicaldamage, voids, inclusions. Corrosion processeshave occurred mainly in the composite base,although in pores and micro-cracks, the localprogress of corrosion in depth of thecomposites was noticed. Corrosion processesdid not influence SiC particles.Results of the microstructural examinations,after exposure of thermally treated ZA27/SiC pcomposites in the sodium-chloride solution, arein accordance with results obtained during theimmersion test.3.2 Corrosion rate of thermally treatedZA27/SiC p compositesAfter finishing of exposure in the NaClsolution, corrosion products were removedfrom the surface of ZA27/SiC p compositesamples by chemical procedure [25]. It wasfound that corrosion attack was mostlyuniform, while corrosion processes took placepredominantly on the composite surface. Theaverage value of corrosion rate CR [mm/year]was calculated based on the mass loss ofcomposite samples during the immersion test.The results are presented in Figure 4.For the purpose of comparison, results of theimmersion test for thermally treated ZA27alloys (as-cast and thixocast) [21, 23] are alsopresented in Figure 4. It can be seen thatcorrosion rates of the composites are higherthan those of both ZA27 alloys (as-cast andthixocast).Corrosion resistance of the compositematrix (thermally treated thixocast ZA27 alloy)is higher than that of thermally treatedcomposites.Corrosion rate (mm/year)0.300.250.200.150.100.050.00ZA27 cast ZA27 thixo K1 K2 K3MaterialFigure 4. Corrosion rate of thermally treated ZA27alloys and ZA27/SiC p composites after 30-day exposurein 3.5 wt.% NaCl. K1 - ZA27/1wt.%SiC p , K2 -ZA27/3wt.%SiC p , K3 - ZA27/5wt.%SiC p .Corrosion rate of thermally treatedZA27/SiC p composites increases with increasein content of SiC particles, because of increase110 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
in number of micro-cracks and clusters of SiCparticles. All above presented indicates lowercorrosion resistance of thermally treatedZA27/SiC p composites with higher content ofparticulate reinforcements.4. CONCLUSIONSParticulate ZA27/SiC p composites (with 1, 3and 5 wt.% SiC particles) were obtained bycompo casting technique and subsequentlysubjected to the T4 thermal treatment.Thermally treated composites were exposed inthe sodium-chloride solution for 30 days. Theinfluence of corrosion on the surfaceappearance and microstructure of thecomposites was examined. Corrosionresistance of the composites was evaluatedbased on the mass loss of composite samplesduring the immersion test. According to theresults presented, the following conclusionscan be proposed:1. SiC particles are uniformly distributed in themetal matrix of the particulateZA27/3wt.%SiC p composite that was madeby compo casting technique.2. Morphological changes and appearance ofmicro-cracks in the microstructure of thecomposite matrix were noticed after T4thermal treatment. However, the thermaltreatment had no effect on SiC particles andtheir distribution in the composite matrix.3. Corrosion process has influenced themicrostructure and surface appearance ofthermally treated ZA27/SiC p composites,after 30-day exposure in the sodiumchloridesolution. However, corrosion didnot affect SiC particles in the composites.4. Corrosion started at places of mechanicaldamages, voids, inclusions. Corrosionprocesses ocurred mainly in the compositematrix although the local progress ofcorrosion was noticed in the micro-cracks.5. Corrosion resistance of the compositematrix is higher than that of ZA27/SiC pcomposites.6. Corrosion rate of thermally treatedZA27/SiC p composites increases withincrease in content of SiC particles.7. Applied thermal treatment (T4 regime) hasshown a negative effect on the corrosionresistance of ZA27/SiC p composites.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe Ministry of Education, Science andTechnological Development of the Republic ofSerbia has supported financially this workthrough the projects TR 35021 and OI 172005.The authors are gratefully acknowledged to theRAR ® Foundry Ltd., Batajnica (Belgrade,Serbia) and Ginić Tocila ® Abrasive ProductsFactory Ltd., Barajevo (Belgrade, Serbia), forproviding the master alloy and SiC particles, toperform this research.REFERENCES[1] I. Bobić: Development if Metal Forming Process inSemi-Solid State (Rheocasting and CompocastingProcess) and Process Controling Effects on Qualityof ZnAl25Cu3 Alloy Products, PhD thesis, Facultyof Technology and Metallurgy, University ofBelgrade, Belgrade, 2003.[2] B. Bobić, M. Babić, S. Mitrović, N. Ilić, I. Bobić,M.T. Jovanović: Microstructure and mechanicalproperties of Zn25Al3Cu based composites withlarge Al 2 O 3 particles at room and elevatedtemperatures, Int. J. Mat. Res. (formerly Z.Metallkd.), 101, pp. 1524–1531, 2010.[3] I.A. Cornie, R. Guerriero, L. Meregalli, I. Tangerini:Microstructures and Properties of Zinc-Alloy MatrixComposite Materials, in Proceedings of theInternational Symposium on Advances in CastReinforced Metal Composites, 24–30.09.1988.,Chicago, pp. 155–165[4] N. Karni, G.B. Barkay, M. Bamberger: Structureand properties of metal-matrix composite, J. Mater.Sci. Lett., 13, pp. 541–544, 1994.[5] E. Gervais, R.J. Barnhurst, C.A. Loong: An analysisof selected properties of ZA alloys, JOM, 11, pp.43–47, 1985.[6] E.J. Kubel Jr.: Expanding horizons for ZA alloys,Adv. Mater. Process., 132, pp. 51–57, 1987.[7] R.J. Barnhurst, S. Beliste: Corrosion Properties ofZamak and ZA Alloys, Tech. Rep., NorandaTechnology Centre, Quebec, Canada, 1992.[8] M. Babić, R. Ninković: Zn-Al alloys astribomaterials, Trib. Ind., Vol. 26, No. 1–2, pp. 3–7,2004.[9] S. Mitrović: Tribological Properties of ZnAl AlloyComposites, PhD thesis, Faculty of MechanicalEngineering, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac,2007.[10] M. Flemings: Behavior of metal alloys in the semisolidstate, Metall. Trans. A, Vol. 22A, pp. 957–981, 1991.[11] I. Bobić, M.T. Jovanović, N. Ilić: Microstructureand strength of ZA-27 based composites reinforced13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 111
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SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
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Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
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Supported byMinistry of Education,
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PrefaceThe International Conference
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ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
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27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
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Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
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Plenary Lectures13 th International
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
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Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
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Realization of the approach is base
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edge without chamfer and smaller ra
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Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
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Figure 13. Calculated and measured
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Friction deformation of the bronze
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engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
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Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
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Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
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- measuring of coating thickness h
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Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
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Table 2. Test results for massive w
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knowledge transfer in the field ofm
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Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
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Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
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coatings and observed their good we
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c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
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Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
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COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
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about 260 nm is related to isolated
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Page 75 and 76: In order to calculate the metallic
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Page 81 and 82: otating plate. The shaft passes thr
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Page 87 and 88: [2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
Page 91 and 92: (10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
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Page 95 and 96: dielectric properties, high resista
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Page 103 and 104: Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
Page 105 and 106: [9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
Page 107 and 108: MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
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Page 111 and 112: 5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
Page 113 and 114: Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
Page 115 and 116: C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
Page 117 and 118: films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
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Page 121 and 122: solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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Page 131 and 132: mechanical pressure and thermal loa
Page 135 and 136: 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
Page 137 and 138: [12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
Page 139 and 140: 2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
Page 141 and 142: figure 3a it could be seen that the
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Page 147 and 148: 5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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Page 163 and 164: tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
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Page 169 and 170: electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
Page 171 and 172: 250nm size have been observed, acco
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comparison with the synthetic reinf
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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(a)(b)Figure 4. Showing (a) variati
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composites. But the composite compo
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coated and uncoated region after ad
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has been measured between the top s
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Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
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Mica samples preparationFor the ads
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According to the AFM results in fig
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[21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
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chemical vapor deposition method wi
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analysis (a) and an approximate che
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Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
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A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
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Most of the friction units of produ
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In order to provide both high parts
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Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
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Table 3. Experimental and calculate
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For developing the numerical model
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,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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hydrodynamic regime. However, for b
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to obtain the temperature distribut
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force (pressure) between two contac
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5E-06The total displacement [m]4.5E
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[11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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efficiency of use, product quality,
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38GSA. The chemical composition, de
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niobium. It should be noted that fo
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Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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exploitation this changing is signi
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2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
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Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
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common for their ability to be inst
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FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
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Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
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analytical tests. The analytical te
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Table 4. Results of zero samples of
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noticeable, and by the end of explo
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4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
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For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
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The results concluded for different
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For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
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Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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- Reliable exploitation tools, prim
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In addition, as a result of cyclic
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AcknowledgementThe part of this res
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Thepressure angle can be calculated
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mechanism these parameters are fina
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causes big changes of their propert
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Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
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Figure 1. Appearance of fractured f
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implementation of these new manugac
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additional energy is dissipated due
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The adopted geometry parameters are
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4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
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Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
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3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
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Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
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From the analysis of the diagram it
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comparison from economic, energy co
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Advantages and disadvantages of tra
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The information provided by footwea
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Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
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additives, that had been, until rec
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Figure 1. Test results for samples
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Table 7. Test results of oil sample
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Input parameters- Current intensity
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edge formed into a thin line. At th
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Lower values of current are not res
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Table 1. Chemical composition of si
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flowable at high temperatures and v
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holes (pits) emerge in the shape of
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[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulver
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assumption allows us to use, instea
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where P is the load, a - radius of
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determination (total running in tim
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μm, compared with Figure 17, wich
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIIATRIB
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Especially when the chain transfer
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is obvious that this isa so-calledw
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winches. The authors are inclined t
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find parameters of robot laser hard
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each of which is measured by the le
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Fractal dimensions were determined
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Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
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0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
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nanocomposites. The influence of fi
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
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Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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3 8 12 1 4 2 4
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The material after qualifying the r
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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