Proceedings of SerbiaTrib '13

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«Metal casting 2007», Machines, technologies andmaterials, Lovech, Bulgaria (in Bulgarian)[3] С. Бондаренко, И. Гладкий, Повышениеэксплоатационных свойств чугунов, работающихв условиях гидроабразивного износа, Вiсникхарнiвськ. державн. технiч. Университету,Харкiв, 2003, вып. 14, с. 388-391.S. Bondarenko, I. Gladkij, Improvement of theoperational properties of cast iron working underhydro-abrasive wear conditions, Kharkov, 2003,issue 14, pp. 388-391(in Russian)[4] В. Анчев, В. Тошков, Л. Василева, Ж.Захаридова, Ж. Калейчева, Й. Николов, Р.Петров, В. Симеонов,Ръководство залабораторни упражнения по материалознание,ИК „КИНГ”, 2001, рр. 112-113.V. Anchev, et al., Manual for laboratory works inmaterial science, Ed. house „KING” рр. 112-113 (inBulgarian)[5] БДС 14289-77, Метод за изпитване на абразивноизносване при триене върху закрепениабразивни частици, Bulgarian State Standard14289-77, Method for testing of abrasive wear atfriction on fixed abrasive particles (in Bulgarian)[6] М. Kandeva, D. Karastoyanov, A. Andonova: Wearand tribothermal effects of nanostructured nickelchemical coatings, Applied Mechanics andMaterials. Vols. 157-158 (2012), pp. 960-963.[7] B. Ivanova, M. Kandeva, J. Kaleicheva, R.Rangelov: Influence of Tin on the Structure andProperties of Spherographitic Cast Iron, 12thInternational Conference on Tribology, Kragujevac,Serbia, 11-13 May 2011, pp 42-45.30 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB ‘1313 th International Conference onTribologyKragujevac, Serbia, 15 – 17 May 2013Faculty of Engineeringin KragujevacINFLUENCE OF NANO-DIAMOND PARTICLESON THE TRIBOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OFNICKEL CHEMICAL COATINGSMara Kandeva 1 , Dimitar Karastoianov 2 , Boryana Ivanova 3 , Viara Pojidaeva 41 Tribology Center, Technical University-Sofia, Bulgaria, kandeva@tu-sofia.bg2 Institute of Information and Communication Technologies – Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, dkarast@clmi.bas.bg3 Technical University-Sofia, Bulgaria, bsaykova@tu-sofia.bg4 University of Mining and Geology „S t Ivan Rilsky” – Sofia, Bulgaria, vpojidaeva@abv.bgAbstract: Friction and wear of 10 types Ni chemical coatings, with and without heat treatment, containingnano-diamond particles of various size – 0;5 nm; 100 nm; 200 nm and 250 nm, are studied in the paper.Procedure and laboratory device for friction investigation in starting regime were developed. Experimentalresults for the influence of the particle size on the static friction force and the change of friction coefficienthave been obtained. Abrasive wear has been studied by means of the procedure developed by the authors forthe study of above coatings under conditions of dry friction on surfaces with fixed abrasive. The obtainedresults are related to the parameters linear wear, wear rate and wear-resistance. A part of this study isconnected with the tasks on the 7 FP Project „Acom In (Advanced Computing Innovations)” coordinated bythe Institute of Information and Communication Technologies at the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, and theother part is carried out under the Project ДУНК-01/3 “University R&D Complex for innovation andtransfer of knowledge in micro/nano-technologies and materials, energy efficiency and virtual engineering”funded by the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science.Keywords: tribology, nano-diamond particles, coatings, friction, wear1. INTRODUCTIONNi chemical coatings are obtained through themethod of electro-less chemical deposition knownin the literature as „Electroless Niсkel”.From chemical point of view, chemicaldeposition is a deoxidization process whichdevelops between positive charged metal ions М z+and negative electrons е:z Me ze Me(1)where z is the valence of the metal ion.Coatings obtained through chemical depositiondiffer in the methods for procurement of theelectrons necessary for the deoxidization.In the galvanic (electrolyte) methods, electriccurrent is passed through the solution of the metalsalt (electrolyte) and the metal ions are reduced tothe corresponding metal atom Ме on the cathode(the coated detail). The cathode renders, and theanode obtains electrons, which are provided byexternal source – the electric current.At chemical Ni deposition an external source isnot needed for providing electrons. The necessaryelectrons are obtained as a result of chemicalreactions going between the solution and thesurface of the detail to be coated. As a consequencethe Ni metal ions of the solution obtain a givennumber of electrons depending on their valencepassing thus in state of neutral atoms (Ме). Theatoms gradually build the crystal grid of thecoating. In this case, the role of „supplier ofelectrons” is realized by different substances(chemical agents) called reducers (deoxidizers)from the solution [1].Imbedding of micro- or nano-sized particles ofvarious natures in the Ni matrix changes thephysico-mechanical and the tribologicalcharacteristics of the coatings.In connection with the improvement of theresource of tribosystems, a special interest fornanotribology represent Ni chemical coatings13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 31
Page 1 and 2: SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
Page 3 and 4: Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
Page 5 and 6: Supported byMinistry of Education,
Page 7 and 8: PrefaceThe International Conference
Page 9 and 10: ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
Page 11 and 12: 27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
Page 13 and 14: Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
Page 15: Plenary Lectures13 th International
Page 18 and 19: Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
Page 20 and 21: Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
Page 22 and 23: Realization of the approach is base
Page 29 and 30: edge without chamfer and smaller ra
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
Page 33 and 34: Figure 13. Calculated and measured
Page 37 and 38: Friction deformation of the bronze
Page 39 and 40: engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
Page 41 and 42: Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
Page 43: Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
Page 47 and 48: - measuring of coating thickness h
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Test results for massive w
Page 55 and 56: knowledge transfer in the field ofm
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
Page 59 and 60: Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
Page 61 and 62: coatings and observed their good we
Page 63 and 64: c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
Page 65 and 66: Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
Page 67 and 68: COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
Page 71 and 72: about 260 nm is related to isolated
Page 73 and 74: contact’s conformity [18] they ob
Page 75 and 76: In order to calculate the metallic
Page 77 and 78: microscopic inspection of the Rp3 s
Page 81 and 82: otating plate. The shaft passes thr
Page 83 and 84: similar trends of variation are obs
Page 85 and 86: smooth, gear fiber-mild steel rough
Page 87 and 88: [2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
Page 91 and 92: (10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
Page 93 and 94: [9] B.R. Gligorijevic, A. Vencl, B.
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dielectric properties, high resista
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parameter, Sv, was slightly influen
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dependence of roughness height and
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
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Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
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[9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
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MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
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fully compatible with MRI/MSCT imag
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5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
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C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
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films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
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PlateCount No.Critical Load ( N)120
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solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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SiC particles are uniformly distrib
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in number of micro-cracks and clust
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PBT has the average values of the f
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mechanical pressure and thermal loa
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3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
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[12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
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2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
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figure 3a it could be seen that the
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and lubrication is done so that the
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5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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esistance was found for composite c
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onze, which is embedded within the
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The test contact pair meets the req
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complete. The SEM analysis maycontr
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tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
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corresponding to the maximum value
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electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
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250nm size have been observed, acco
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ETH Zurich, Switzerland, where all
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comparison with the synthetic reinf
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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(a)(b)Figure 4. Showing (a) variati
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composites. But the composite compo
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coated and uncoated region after ad
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has been measured between the top s
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Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
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Mica samples preparationFor the ads
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According to the AFM results in fig
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[21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
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chemical vapor deposition method wi
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analysis (a) and an approximate che
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Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
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A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
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Most of the friction units of produ
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In order to provide both high parts
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Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
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Table 3. Experimental and calculate
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For developing the numerical model
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,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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hydrodynamic regime. However, for b
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to obtain the temperature distribut
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force (pressure) between two contac
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5E-06The total displacement [m]4.5E
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[11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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efficiency of use, product quality,
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38GSA. The chemical composition, de
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niobium. It should be noted that fo
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Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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exploitation this changing is signi
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2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
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Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
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common for their ability to be inst
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FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
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Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
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analytical tests. The analytical te
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Table 4. Results of zero samples of
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noticeable, and by the end of explo
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4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
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For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
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The results concluded for different
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For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
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Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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- Reliable exploitation tools, prim
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In addition, as a result of cyclic
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AcknowledgementThe part of this res
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Thepressure angle can be calculated
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mechanism these parameters are fina
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causes big changes of their propert
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Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
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Figure 1. Appearance of fractured f
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implementation of these new manugac
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additional energy is dissipated due
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The adopted geometry parameters are
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4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
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Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
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3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
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Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
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From the analysis of the diagram it
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comparison from economic, energy co
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Advantages and disadvantages of tra
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The information provided by footwea
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Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
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additives, that had been, until rec
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Figure 1. Test results for samples
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Table 7. Test results of oil sample
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Input parameters- Current intensity
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edge formed into a thin line. At th
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Lower values of current are not res
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Table 1. Chemical composition of si
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flowable at high temperatures and v
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holes (pits) emerge in the shape of
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[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulver
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assumption allows us to use, instea
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where P is the load, a - radius of
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determination (total running in tim
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μm, compared with Figure 17, wich
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIIATRIB
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Especially when the chain transfer
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is obvious that this isa so-calledw
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winches. The authors are inclined t
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find parameters of robot laser hard
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each of which is measured by the le
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Fractal dimensions were determined
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Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
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0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
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nanocomposites. The influence of fi
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
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Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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3 8 12 1 4 2 4
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The material after qualifying the r
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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