Proceedings of SerbiaTrib '13

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The method of dilution of the studied sample inKBr at concentration 0.5 % was used.The diffuse reflectance UV–vis spectra weretaken with a Thermo Evolution 300 UV-VisSpectrophotometer equipped with a Praying Mantisdevice with Spectralon as the reference. Spectralonis a fluoropolymer, which has the highest diffusereflectance of any known material or coating overthe ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions ofthe spectrum.As milling proceeds broadening of diffraction peaksis observed due to grain size reduction.3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONTextural properties of initial hematite andrutile and mechanochemically synthesized mixedoxides are presented in Table 1.Table 1. Samples composition and textural propertiesSamplecodeChemicalcomposition [%]Fe 2 O 3 ZnOSpecificsurface area,m 2 g -1PorevolumeZnO 0.0 100.0 5.5 0.004ZnO-MA 0.0 100.0 3.0 0.0020.3 FZ 0.3 99.7 5.3 0.0044.3 FZ 4.3 95.7 5.4 0.00414.3 FZn 14.3 85.7 5.3 0.00466 FZ 66.0 33.0 6.6 0.005The XRD patterns of the Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO mixedoxides with different iron content are presented inFig. 1.66 FZ14.3 FZ4.3 FZFigure 2. FTIR spectra of the Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO mixed oxidesFigure 2 shows the IFTR spectra themechanically activated Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO mixed oxides.All the samples show prominent absorption bandand shoulder at about 440 cm - 1 and 550 cm -1 ,respectively. Slight variation with increasing of ironcontent in the samples is due to grain size influencethe band position. The band at lower frequency of440 cm-1 corresponds to M-O stretching vibrationin octahedral site. This shift can be result of highercontent of oxygen vacancies present in the structureand created during mechanical activation [14].The diffuse reflectance of the ZnO and Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO mixed oxides are shown in Fig. 3. The spectraof the samples in UV region exhibit an absorptionpeak at about 220-250 nm attributable to isolated,tetrahedral coordinated species.0.3 FZZnO MA****ooo * o*o * oZnO+Fe 2O 310 20 30 40 50, degreeFigure 1. XRD patterns of the Fe 2 O 3 -ZnO sample. Themark (*) indicated the peaks corresponding to Fe 2 O 3 , andthe marks (o) – peaks corresponding to ZnO.The XRD diagram marks as ZnO+Fe 2 O 3corresponds to the starting mixture with molar ratioZnO:Fe 2 O 3 = 1:1 before milling. All the diffractionpeaks of mechanical activated zinc oxide and 0.3FZ sample can be well indexed to the hexagonalphase ZnO (JCPDS card no. 36-1451. A decrease inthe reflection intensity was observed during milling.Figure 3. UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra of ZnO andFe 2 O 3 -ZnO mixed oxidesThe samples with larger iron content showintense absorption in wide wavelength range fromUV to visible light with absorption tail extendinginto infrared region. This means that Fe componentwas physically connected to the external surface ofZnO structure. The peak with maximum centred at56 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
about 260 nm is related to isolated Fe 3+ cations,while the second band at about 350 nm correspondsto small oligonuclear (FeO) n species. At higher ironcontent the peak around 520 nm is observedindicating the presence of iron oxide particles.This peak can be assigned to symmetrical andspin forbidden d-d transitions of Fe 3+. [15]. Whenthe sample contains small iron content (sample 0.3FZ), the band slightly shifts to the right without tailbroadening. This means that the Fe component waswell inserted inter the framework of the ZnOstructure.In a ball mill intense mixing takes place andreactants are brought into intimate contact with eachother. Grinding reduces the particle size andincreases the surface area available for reaction. Newreactive surfaces are exposed during particle fractureand the introduction of dislocations increases thesurface reactivity. At the point of contact betweentwo grinding balls during a collision event, a highlylocalised triboplasma is formed giving energy forchemical reactions to occur.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThis investigation was financially supported bythe National Science Fund of Bulgaria (projectDNTS/Slovakia 01/3), by the Slovak Research andDevelopment Agency (project APVV-0189-10),and through a bilateral project between BulgarianAcademy of Sciences and Slovak Academy ofSciences.REFERENCES[1] I.E. Wachs, K. Routray: Catalysis science of bulkmixed oxides ACS Catalysis Vol. 2, No. 6, pp. 1235-1246, 2012.[2] M.V. Reddy, G.V. Subba, B.V.R. Chowdari: Metaloxides and oxisalds as anode materials for Li ionbatteries, Chem. Rev. DOI: 10.1021/cr 3001884,2013.[3] B. Palanisamy, C.M. Babu, B. Sundaravel, S.Anandan, V. Murugesan: Sol-gel synthesis of mixedFe 2 O 3 /TiO 2 photocatalyst: Application fordegradation of 4-chlorophenol, J. Hazard. Mater.,Vol. 252-253, pp. 233-242, 2013.[4] S. Martha, K.H. Reddy, N. Biswal, K. Parida: Facilesynthesis of InGaZn mixed oxide nanorods forenhanced hydrogen production under visible light,Dalton Trans. Vol. 41, pp. 14107-14116, 2012.[5] K-T. Li, L-D. Tsai, C-H. Wu, I. Wang: Lactic acidesterification on titania-silica binary oxides, Ind.Eng. Chem. Res. Vol. 52, No. 13, pp. 4734-4739,2013.[6] H. Zhou, P. Hu, Z. Huang, F. Qin, W. Shen, H. Xu:Preparation of NiCe mixed oxides for catalyticdecomposition of N 2 O, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. Vol.52, No. 12, pp. 4504-4509, 2013.[7] G.K. Pradhan, S.Martha, K.M. Parida: Synthesis ofmultifunctional nanostructured zinc-iron mixedoxide photocatalysts by a simple solutioncombustiontechnique, Appl. Mater. Interface, Vol.4, No. 2, pp. 707-713, 2012.[8] G. Lauramoy, R. Carbonio, E.L. Moyano: Mixedoxides as highly selective catalysts for the flashpyrolysis of phenacyl benzotriazole: One-potsynthesis of dibenzazepin-7-one, ACS Catal DOI:10.1021/cs3008335, April 3, 2013.[9] S.M.A. Shibli, J.N. Sebeelamol: Development ofFe 2 O 3 -TiO 2 mixed oxide incorporated Ni-P coatingfor electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction,Intern. J. Hydrogen Energy, Vol. 38, pp. 2271-2282,2012.[10] P. Balaz, M. Achimovicova, M. Balaz, P. Billik, Z.Cherkezova-Zheleva, J.M. Criado, F. Delogu, E.Dutkova, E. Gaffet, F.J. Gotor, R. Kumar, I. Mitov,T. Rojac, M. Senna, A. Streletskii, K. Wieczorek-Ciurowa: Hallmarks of mechanochemistry:fromnanoparticles to technology, Chem. Soc. Rev., DOI:10.1039/c3cs35468g, pp. 1-67, 2013.[11] P. Balaz: Mechanochemistry in Nanoscience andMineral Engineering, Springer-Verlag, BerlinHeidelberg, 2008.[12] A.M. Al-Saie, A. Al-Shater, S. Arekat, A. Jaffar, M.Bououdina: Effect of annealing of the structure andmagnetic properties of mechanically milled TiO 2 -Fe 2 O 3 mixture, Ceramics International, Vo. 39, pp.3803-3808, 2013.[13] K.M. Shrestha, C.M. Sorensen, K.J. Klabunde:MgO-TiO 2 mixed oxide nanoparticles: Comparisonof flame synthesis versus aerogel method;characterization and photocatalytic activities,Journal of Materials Research Vol. 28, No, 3, pp.431-439, 2013.[14] M. Fabian, A. Eliyas, N.G. Kostova, J. Brianchn, P.Balaz: Photocatalytic activity of nanocrystallineghanite (ZnAl 2 O 4 ) synthesized by ball milling, Microand Nano Technology, Proceedings of InternationalMultidisciplinary scientific geoconference SGEM2012, 17-23 June 2012, Albena, BulgariaBulgaria,Vol. III, pp. 391-497, ISSN: 1314-1314-2704.[15] Y. Wang, Q. Zhang, T. Shishido, T. Takehira:Characterization of iron-containing MCM-41 andits catalytic properties, J. Catal. Vol. 209, pp. 186-196, 2002.13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 57
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SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
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Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
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Supported byMinistry of Education,
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PrefaceThe International Conference
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ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
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27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
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Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
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Plenary Lectures13 th International
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
Page 20 and 21: Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
Page 22 and 23: Realization of the approach is base
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Page 29 and 30: edge without chamfer and smaller ra
Page 31 and 32: Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
Page 33 and 34: Figure 13. Calculated and measured
Page 37 and 38: Friction deformation of the bronze
Page 39 and 40: engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
Page 41 and 42: Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
Page 43 and 44: Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
Page 47 and 48: - measuring of coating thickness h
Page 49 and 50: Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
Page 53 and 54: Table 2. Test results for massive w
Page 55 and 56: knowledge transfer in the field ofm
Page 57 and 58: Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
Page 59 and 60: Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
Page 61 and 62: coatings and observed their good we
Page 63 and 64: c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
Page 65 and 66: Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
Page 67 and 68: COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
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Page 73 and 74: contact’s conformity [18] they ob
Page 75 and 76: In order to calculate the metallic
Page 77 and 78: microscopic inspection of the Rp3 s
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Page 83 and 84: similar trends of variation are obs
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Page 87 and 88: [2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
Page 91 and 92: (10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
Page 93 and 94: [9] B.R. Gligorijevic, A. Vencl, B.
Page 95 and 96: dielectric properties, high resista
Page 97 and 98: parameter, Sv, was slightly influen
Page 99 and 100: dependence of roughness height and
Page 103 and 104: Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
Page 105 and 106: [9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
Page 107 and 108: MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
Page 109 and 110: fully compatible with MRI/MSCT imag
Page 111 and 112: 5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
Page 113 and 114: Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
Page 115 and 116: C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
Page 117 and 118: films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
Page 119 and 120: PlateCount No.Critical Load ( N)120
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solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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SiC particles are uniformly distrib
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in number of micro-cracks and clust
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PBT has the average values of the f
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mechanical pressure and thermal loa
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3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
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[12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
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2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
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figure 3a it could be seen that the
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and lubrication is done so that the
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5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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esistance was found for composite c
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onze, which is embedded within the
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The test contact pair meets the req
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complete. The SEM analysis maycontr
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tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
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corresponding to the maximum value
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electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
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250nm size have been observed, acco
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ETH Zurich, Switzerland, where all
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comparison with the synthetic reinf
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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(a)(b)Figure 4. Showing (a) variati
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composites. But the composite compo
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coated and uncoated region after ad
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has been measured between the top s
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Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
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Mica samples preparationFor the ads
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According to the AFM results in fig
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[21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
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chemical vapor deposition method wi
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analysis (a) and an approximate che
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Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
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A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
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Most of the friction units of produ
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In order to provide both high parts
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Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
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Table 3. Experimental and calculate
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For developing the numerical model
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,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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hydrodynamic regime. However, for b
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to obtain the temperature distribut
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force (pressure) between two contac
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5E-06The total displacement [m]4.5E
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[11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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efficiency of use, product quality,
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38GSA. The chemical composition, de
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niobium. It should be noted that fo
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Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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exploitation this changing is signi
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2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
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Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
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common for their ability to be inst
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FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
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Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
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analytical tests. The analytical te
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Table 4. Results of zero samples of
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noticeable, and by the end of explo
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4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
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For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
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The results concluded for different
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For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
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Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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- Reliable exploitation tools, prim
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In addition, as a result of cyclic
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AcknowledgementThe part of this res
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Thepressure angle can be calculated
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mechanism these parameters are fina
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causes big changes of their propert
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Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
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Figure 1. Appearance of fractured f
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implementation of these new manugac
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additional energy is dissipated due
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The adopted geometry parameters are
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4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
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Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
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3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
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Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
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From the analysis of the diagram it
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comparison from economic, energy co
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Advantages and disadvantages of tra
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The information provided by footwea
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Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
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additives, that had been, until rec
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Figure 1. Test results for samples
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Table 7. Test results of oil sample
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Input parameters- Current intensity
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edge formed into a thin line. At th
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Lower values of current are not res
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Table 1. Chemical composition of si
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flowable at high temperatures and v
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holes (pits) emerge in the shape of
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[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulver
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assumption allows us to use, instea
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where P is the load, a - radius of
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determination (total running in tim
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μm, compared with Figure 17, wich
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIIATRIB
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Especially when the chain transfer
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is obvious that this isa so-calledw
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winches. The authors are inclined t
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find parameters of robot laser hard
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each of which is measured by the le
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Fractal dimensions were determined
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Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
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0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
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nanocomposites. The influence of fi
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
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Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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3 8 12 1 4 2 4
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The material after qualifying the r
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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