Proceedings of SerbiaTrib '13

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Figure 7 shows the scuffing on wheel toothflanks for different material variants. Withexception of S1, scuffing occurred on all materialvariants. On wheels made from materials S2 andS3, under load of T 2 = 16 Nm and T 2 = 20 Nm, thephenomenon of scuffing and significant increase ofwear surface and gear forces were observed. Underoutput torque of T 2 = 28 Nm, and input speedn 1 = 5000 min -1 scuffing occurred for S4 and S6.Gear loads rose and, suddenly, the failure of wormshaft occurred. On material variant S6 “2% copperaddition”, scuffing occurred on tooth root in trialswith input speed n 1 = 5000 min -1 and output torqueof T 2 = 28 Nm, and a very short running time of ca.10 minutes. Scuffing also occurred on wheel toothflanks with speed n 1 = 5000 min -1 and output torqueof T 2 = 36 Nm for material variant S5 sinterhardening.7. MAXIMUM OUTPUT TORQUEFigure 8. Comparison of maximum transmissible torquewith critical damage type for different materials andinput speed n 1 = 5000 min -1 [8]Figure 8 shows maximum transmissible torque,as well as the type of critical damage, in a bar chart.With an output torque of T 2 = 20 Nm, materials S2(case hardening) and S3 (case hardening and shotpeening) were damaged due to scuffing. MaterialsS4 (pyrohydrolysis) and S6 (2 % copper addition)were damaged by pitting when output torque wasT 2 = 24 Nm, and by scuffing at the value ofT 2 = 28 Nm. Without an additional treatment, S1had the most critical wear and some pitting atoutput torque of T 2 = 28 Nm. The wheels S5(sinter-hardening) had the greatest load carryingcapacity, its maximum transmissible torque being32-36 Nm, and the scuffing being the mostdangerous damage form in this case.8. CONCLUSIONSThe research in this paper shows thattribological parameter of worm-and-gear has greatinfluence on working characteristics in exploitationconditions. The material characteristics likemicrostructure, wear load capacity and damagetypes of molded parts can be significantlyinfluenced by additional treatments for sinteredsteel.The Hertzian contact stress of teeth in contactdepends on the choice of lubricants. The smallestwear occurred in experiments with synthetic oilwhen Hertzian contact stresses were largest.Synthetic oil can resist the pressures of 1400N/mm 2 at sliding velocity v gs = 2.53 m/s.All experiments with different material variantsshow that additional treatments have significantinfluence on wear. Under identical experimentalconditions, the maximum wear δ wn occurred in thetrials with wheels of material variant with casehardening (115 µm) and the minimum with wheelswith sinter-hardening (7.8 µm).The pitting was observed in wheels of materialvariants S4, S5 and S6 by output torque from 16 to32 Nm. The initial pitting on the tooth flankoccurred on material variant without additionaltreatment (trials with T 2 = 20 Nm; t = 120 h; n 1 =5000 min -1 ; lubricant: synthetic oil). Destructivepitting on tooth flank occurred in material variantsinter-hardening (T 2 = 20Nm; t = 120h; n 1 = 5000min -1 ; lubricant: mineral oil).With exception of S1, scuffing occurred on allmaterial variants. The scuffing was the critical typeof damage for wheels from material variants S2 andS3 under the output torque of T 2 = 20 Nm withn 1 = 5000 min -1 and by S5 under the output torqueof T 2 = 36 Nm. For wheels of material variant S6,scuffing occurred for trials with n 1 = 5000 min -1and output torque of T 2 = 20 Nm. For wheels ofmaterial variants S4 and S6, the critical type ofdamage was the combination of pitting andscuffing.Lubrication with synthetic oil is the mostfavorable from the aspect of wear and in terms ofachieving hydrodynamic lubrication. Optimalworking lubrication was obtained for the rotationspeed n 1 = 5000 min -1 or sliding velocity v gs = 2.53m/s.REFERENCES[1] M. Hochmann: Tragfähigkeit vonZahnradpaarungen bei Schmierung mitGetriebefetten, Forschungsbericht, DGMK, 2007.[2] DIN 3990: Tragfähigkeitsberechnung vonStirnrädern, 12/2002.[3] S. Dizdar, P. Johansson, A.B. Höganäs, 263 83Höganäs, Sweden: P/M Materials for GearApplication; EURO PM2007, Tolouse October 16,2007.326 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulvermetallurgie-Technologien und Werkstoffe, VDI-VerlagDüsseldorf, 1994.[5] W. Predki, A. Miltenović, Influence of Hardeningon the Microstructure and the Wear Capacity ofGears Made of Fe1.5Cr0.2Mo Sintered Steel.International Journal “Science of Sintering” 42,pp. 183-191, (2010).[6] Miltenović, A.: Verschleißtragfähigkeitsberechnungvon Schraubradgetrieben mit Schraubrädern ausSintermetall, Dissertation Ruhr-Universität Bochum,2011.[7] DIN 50320: Verschleiß: Begriffe – Systemanalysevon Verschleißvorgängen – Gliederung desVerschleißgebietes, 12/1979.[8] Miltenović,A., Predki,W.: Damage Types ofCrossed Helical Gears with Wheels from SinteredSteel. International Journal “Science of Sintering”43, pp. 205-214, 2011.[9] Wendt, T.: Tragfähigkeit von Schraubradgetriebenmit Schraubrädern aus Sintermetall, DissertationRuhr-Universität Bochum, 2008.13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 327
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SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
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Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
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Supported byMinistry of Education,
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PrefaceThe International Conference
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ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
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27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
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Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
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Plenary Lectures13 th International
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
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Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
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Realization of the approach is base
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edge without chamfer and smaller ra
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Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
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Figure 13. Calculated and measured
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Friction deformation of the bronze
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engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
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Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
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Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
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- measuring of coating thickness h
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Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
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Table 2. Test results for massive w
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knowledge transfer in the field ofm
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Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
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Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
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coatings and observed their good we
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c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
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Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
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COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
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about 260 nm is related to isolated
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contact’s conformity [18] they ob
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In order to calculate the metallic
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microscopic inspection of the Rp3 s
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otating plate. The shaft passes thr
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similar trends of variation are obs
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smooth, gear fiber-mild steel rough
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[2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
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(10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
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[9] B.R. Gligorijevic, A. Vencl, B.
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dielectric properties, high resista
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parameter, Sv, was slightly influen
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dependence of roughness height and
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Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
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[9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
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MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
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fully compatible with MRI/MSCT imag
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5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
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C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
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films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
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PlateCount No.Critical Load ( N)120
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solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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SiC particles are uniformly distrib
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in number of micro-cracks and clust
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PBT has the average values of the f
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mechanical pressure and thermal loa
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3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
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[12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
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2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
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figure 3a it could be seen that the
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and lubrication is done so that the
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5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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esistance was found for composite c
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onze, which is embedded within the
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The test contact pair meets the req
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complete. The SEM analysis maycontr
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tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
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corresponding to the maximum value
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electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
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250nm size have been observed, acco
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ETH Zurich, Switzerland, where all
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comparison with the synthetic reinf
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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(a)(b)Figure 4. Showing (a) variati
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composites. But the composite compo
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coated and uncoated region after ad
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has been measured between the top s
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Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
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Mica samples preparationFor the ads
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According to the AFM results in fig
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[21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
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chemical vapor deposition method wi
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analysis (a) and an approximate che
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Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
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A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
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Most of the friction units of produ
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In order to provide both high parts
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Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
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Table 3. Experimental and calculate
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For developing the numerical model
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,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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hydrodynamic regime. However, for b
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to obtain the temperature distribut
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force (pressure) between two contac
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5E-06The total displacement [m]4.5E
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[11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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efficiency of use, product quality,
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38GSA. The chemical composition, de
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niobium. It should be noted that fo
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Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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exploitation this changing is signi
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2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
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Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
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common for their ability to be inst
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FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
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Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
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analytical tests. The analytical te
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Table 4. Results of zero samples of
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noticeable, and by the end of explo
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4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
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For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
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The results concluded for different
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For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
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Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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- Reliable exploitation tools, prim
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In addition, as a result of cyclic
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AcknowledgementThe part of this res
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Thepressure angle can be calculated
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mechanism these parameters are fina
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Page 291 and 292: causes big changes of their propert
Page 293 and 294: Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
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Page 305 and 306: 4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
Page 307 and 308: Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
Page 309 and 310: 3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
Page 311 and 312: Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
Page 313 and 314: From the analysis of the diagram it
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Page 319 and 320: The information provided by footwea
Page 321 and 322: Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
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Page 325 and 326: Figure 1. Test results for samples
Page 327 and 328: Table 7. Test results of oil sample
Page 329 and 330: Input parameters- Current intensity
Page 331 and 332: edge formed into a thin line. At th
Page 333 and 334: Lower values of current are not res
Page 335 and 336: Table 1. Chemical composition of si
Page 337 and 338: flowable at high temperatures and v
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Page 357 and 358: Especially when the chain transfer
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Page 361 and 362: winches. The authors are inclined t
Page 363 and 364: find parameters of robot laser hard
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Page 371 and 372: Fractal dimensions were determined
Page 375 and 376: Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
Page 377 and 378: 0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
Page 379 and 380: nanocomposites. The influence of fi
Page 381 and 382: 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
Page 383 and 384: Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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