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in the composites. Closer observation show that foreach weight percent of hybrid compositesproduced, the strain to fracture was invariant to theweight ratio of RHA/SiC. It can be inferred fromthe results that the ductility levels of the hybridcomposites is not compromised by the addition ofRHA in the hybrid compositions. Thus its capacityto sustain plastic strain without fracture is notimpelled by the addition of RHA.particles like most hard and brittle ceramic particleshave a higher tendency to undergo rapid crackpropagation [32].Figure 7. Variation of Fracture Toughness for themonolithic Al-Mg-Si alloy, single reinforced and hybridreinforced Al-Mg-Si/RHA-SiC composites.4. CONCLUSIONSFigure 6. Variation of strain to fracture for themonolithic Al-Mg-Si alloy, single reinforced and hybridreinforced Al-Mg-Si/RHA-SiC composites.The fracture toughness values determined by theuse of circumferential notched tensile (CNT)specimens are presented in Figure 7. The valuesobtained were reported as plain strain fracturetoughness because the conditions for valid K 1C(plain strain condition) was met with the specimendiameter of 6mm when the relation D ≥ (K 1C /σ y ) 2[24] was utilised to validate the results obtainedfrom the CNT testing. It is observed that thefracture toughness decreases with increase in theweight percent of the composites. But for specificweight percents of the composites (that is B, C, andD series) it is observed that the compositecompositions containing RHA had improvedfracture toughness results compared with the singleSiC reinforced grades of the composites. Thus theaddition of RHA appears to be beneficial in termsof improving the resistance to crack propagation ofthe composites making them slightly lesssusceptible to sudden crack failure in comparisonwith the single reinforced SiC composite grades.The mechanism of fracture in particle reinforced Almatrix composites have been reported by severalauthors [29-30]. The primary mechanisms offracture have been reported to be facilitated by oneor a combination of particle cracking, interfacialcracking or particle debonding [31]. In the presentcase, the improved fracture toughness of thecomposites containing RHA, is most likely due tothe reduced amount of relatively harder and brittleSiC particles in the composites [19]. The SiCThe mechanical behaviour of Al-Mg-Si alloymatrix composites containing 5, 7.5, and 10 weightpercent of RHA and SiC reinforcements prepared inweight ratios 0:1, 1:3, 1:1, 3:1, and 1:0 respectivelywas investigated. The results show that:1. The estimated porosity values are notdependent on the weight percent of thereinforcement phase or the weight ratio ofRHA to SiC. They were however less than2.5 % in all grades produced.2. There is a general increase in tensile strength,and yield strength with increase in weightpercent of the RHA-SiC hybridreinforcement. However, the tensile andyield strength decreases with increase in theweight proportion of RHA in the RHA-SiCreinforcement.3. The specific strength followed the same trendas the tensile and yield strengths; however,the % decrease in specific strength of thecomposites is generally lower in comparisonwith that of the ultimate tensile strength. Thecomposites with composition of 1:3 weightratio RHA to SiC (25% RHA: 75% SiC)offers comparable specific strength valueswith the SiC single reinforced grades of thecomposite.4. There is a general decrease in ductility of thecomposites with increase in the weightpercent of reinforcing phase in thecomposites. However, the strain to fracturewas invariant to the weight ratio ofRHA/SiC.5. The fracture toughness decreases withincrease in the weight percent of the166 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
composites. But the composite compositionscontaining RHA had improved fracturetoughness compared with the single SiCreinforced grades.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTThe electron microscopy assistance rendered byDr. P. A. Olubambi of the Department of Chemicaland Metallurgical Engineering, Tshwane Universityof Technology, South Africa is appreciated.REFERENCES[1] S.D. Prasad, R.A. Krishna: Production andMechanical Properties of A356.2 /RHAComposites, International Journal of AdvancedScience and Technology, Vol. 33, pp. 51-58, 2011.[2] H. Zuhailawati, P. Samayamutthirian, C.H. MohdHaizu: Fabrication of Low Cost Aluminium MatrixComposite Reinforced with Silica Sand, Journal ofPhysical Science, Vol. 18, No. 1, pp. 47-55, 2007.[3] T.V. Christy, N. Murugan, S. Kumar: Acomparative study on the microstructures andmechanical properties of Al 6061 alloy and theMMC Al 6061/TiB2/12p, Journal of Minerals andMaterials Characterization and Engineering, Vol.9, No. 1, pp. 57-65, 2010.[4] P.K. Rohatgi, B.F. Schultz, A. Daoud, W.W.Zhang: Tribological performance of A206aluminum alloy containing silica sand particles,Tribol Int, Vol. 43, pp. 455–66, 2010.[5] K.K. Alaneme, M. O. Bodunrin: Corrosionbehaviour of alumina reinforced Al (6063) metalmatrix composites, Journal of Minerals andMaterials Characterisation and Engineering, Vol.10, No. 2, pp. 1153-1165, 2011.[6] P. Rohatgi, B. Schultz: Light weight metal matrixcomposites – stretching the boundaries of metals,Materials Matters, Vol. 2, pp. 16-19, 2007.[7] D.B. Miracle: Metal matrix composites - fromscience to technological significance, CompositesScience and Technology, Vol. 65, No. 15/16, pp.2526-2540, 2005.[8] K.K. Alaneme: Influence of Thermo-mechanicalTreatment on the Tensile Behaviour and CNTevaluated Fracture Toughness of Borax premixedSiCp reinforced Aluminium (6063) Composites,International Journal of Mechanical and MaterialsEngineering, Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 96-100, 2012.[9] T. Senthilvelan, S. Gopalakannan, S.Vishnuvarthan, K. Keerthivaran: Fabrication andCharacterization of SiC, Al 2 O 3 and B 4 CReinforced Al-Zn-Mg-Cu Alloy (AA 7075) MetalMatrix Composites: A Study, Advanced MaterialsResearch, Vol. 622-623, pp. 1295-1299, 2012.[10] S.A. Sajjadi, H.R. Ezatpour, H. Beygi:Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al–Al 2 O 3 micro and nano composites fabricated bystir casting. Materials Science and Engineering A,Vol. 528, pp. 8765-8771, 2011.[11] S. Tahamtan, A. Halvaee, M. Emamy, M.S Zabihi:Fabrication of Al/A206-Al 2 O 3 nano/microcomposite by combining ball milling and stircasting technology, Materials and Design 2013,DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2013.01.032.[12] P. Naresh: Development and characterization ofmetal matrix composite using red Mud anindustrial waste for wear resistant applications,PhD Thesis, Department of MechanicalEngineering, National Institute of TechnologyRourkela, India, 23 – 34, 2006.[13] J. Bienia, M. Walczak, B. Surowska B, J.Sobczaka: Microstructure and corrosionbehaviour of aluminium fly ash composites,Journal of Optoelectronics and AdvancedMaterials, Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 493-502, 2003.[14] P.B. Madakson, D.S. Yawas, A. Apasi:Characterization of Coconut Shell Ash forPotential Utilization in Metal Matrix Compositesfor Automotive Applications, International Journalof Engineering Science and Technology (IJEST),Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 1190-1198, 2012.[15] S.D. Prasad, R.A. Krishna: TribologicalProperties of A356.2/RHA Composites, Journal ofMaterials Science and Technology, Vol. 28, No. 4,pp. 367-372, 2012.[16] K.K. Alaneme, I.B. Akintunde, P.A. Olubambi,T.M. Adewale: Mechanical Behaviour of RiceHusk Ash – Alumina Hybrid ReinforcedAluminium Based Matrix Composites, Journal ofMaterials Research and Technology, Vol. 2, No. 1,pp. 60-67, 2013.[17] R. Escalera-Lozano, C. Gutierrez, M.A. Pech-Canul, M.I. Pech-Canul: Degradation of Al/SiCpComposites produced with Rice-Hull Ash andAluminium Cans, Waste Management, Vol. 28, pp.389-395, 2008.[18] K.K. Alaneme, P.A. Olubambi: Corrosion andWear Behaviour of Rice Husk Ash – AluminaReinforced Aluminium Matrix Hybrid Composites,Journal of Materials Research and Technology,2013 (In Press).[19] K.K. Alaneme, E.O. Adewuyi: MechanicalBehaviour of Bamboo Leaf Ash – Alumina HybridReinforced Aluminium Based Matrix Composites,Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Serbia,2013 (In Press).[20] K.K. Alaneme, A.O. Aluko: Production and agehardeningbehaviour of borax pre-mixed SiCreinforced Al-Mg-Si alloy composites developedby double stir casting technique, The West IndianJournal of Engineering, Vol. 34, No. 1/2, pp. 80-85, 2012.[21] ASTM E 8M: Standard Test Method for TensionTesting of Metallic Materials (Metric), AnnualBook of ASTM Standards, Philadelphia; 1991.13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 167
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SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
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Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
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Supported byMinistry of Education,
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PrefaceThe International Conference
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ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
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27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
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Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
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Plenary Lectures13 th International
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
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Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
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Realization of the approach is base
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edge without chamfer and smaller ra
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Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
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Figure 13. Calculated and measured
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Friction deformation of the bronze
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engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
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Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
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Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
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- measuring of coating thickness h
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Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
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Table 2. Test results for massive w
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knowledge transfer in the field ofm
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Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
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Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
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coatings and observed their good we
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c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
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Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
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COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
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about 260 nm is related to isolated
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contact’s conformity [18] they ob
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In order to calculate the metallic
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microscopic inspection of the Rp3 s
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otating plate. The shaft passes thr
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similar trends of variation are obs
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smooth, gear fiber-mild steel rough
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[2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
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(10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
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[9] B.R. Gligorijevic, A. Vencl, B.
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dielectric properties, high resista
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parameter, Sv, was slightly influen
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dependence of roughness height and
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Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
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[9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
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MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
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fully compatible with MRI/MSCT imag
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5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
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C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
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films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
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PlateCount No.Critical Load ( N)120
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solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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SiC particles are uniformly distrib
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in number of micro-cracks and clust
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Page 129 and 130: PBT has the average values of the f
Page 131 and 132: mechanical pressure and thermal loa
Page 133 and 134: Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
Page 135 and 136: 3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
Page 137 and 138: [12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
Page 139 and 140: 2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
Page 141 and 142: figure 3a it could be seen that the
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Page 147 and 148: 5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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Page 153 and 154: onze, which is embedded within the
Page 157 and 158: The test contact pair meets the req
Page 159 and 160: complete. The SEM analysis maycontr
Page 163 and 164: tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
Page 165 and 166: corresponding to the maximum value
Page 169 and 170: electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
Page 171 and 172: 250nm size have been observed, acco
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Page 175 and 176: comparison with the synthetic reinf
Page 177 and 178: 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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Page 185 and 186: coated and uncoated region after ad
Page 187 and 188: has been measured between the top s
Page 189 and 190: Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
Page 193 and 194: Mica samples preparationFor the ads
Page 195 and 196: According to the AFM results in fig
Page 197 and 198: [21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
Page 199 and 200: chemical vapor deposition method wi
Page 201 and 202: analysis (a) and an approximate che
Page 203 and 204: Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
Page 205: A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
Page 211 and 212: Most of the friction units of produ
Page 213 and 214: In order to provide both high parts
Page 215 and 216: Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
Page 217 and 218: Table 3. Experimental and calculate
Page 219 and 220: For developing the numerical model
Page 221 and 222: ,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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[11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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efficiency of use, product quality,
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38GSA. The chemical composition, de
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niobium. It should be noted that fo
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Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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exploitation this changing is signi
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2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
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Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
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common for their ability to be inst
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FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
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Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
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analytical tests. The analytical te
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Table 4. Results of zero samples of
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noticeable, and by the end of explo
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4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
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For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
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The results concluded for different
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For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
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Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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- Reliable exploitation tools, prim
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In addition, as a result of cyclic
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AcknowledgementThe part of this res
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Thepressure angle can be calculated
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mechanism these parameters are fina
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causes big changes of their propert
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Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
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Figure 1. Appearance of fractured f
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implementation of these new manugac
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additional energy is dissipated due
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The adopted geometry parameters are
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4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
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Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
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3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
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Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
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From the analysis of the diagram it
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comparison from economic, energy co
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Advantages and disadvantages of tra
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The information provided by footwea
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Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
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additives, that had been, until rec
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Figure 1. Test results for samples
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Table 7. Test results of oil sample
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Input parameters- Current intensity
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edge formed into a thin line. At th
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Lower values of current are not res
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Table 1. Chemical composition of si
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flowable at high temperatures and v
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holes (pits) emerge in the shape of
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[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulver
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assumption allows us to use, instea
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where P is the load, a - radius of
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determination (total running in tim
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μm, compared with Figure 17, wich
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIIATRIB
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Especially when the chain transfer
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is obvious that this isa so-calledw
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winches. The authors are inclined t
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find parameters of robot laser hard
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each of which is measured by the le
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Fractal dimensions were determined
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Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
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0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
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nanocomposites. The influence of fi
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
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Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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3 8 12 1 4 2 4
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The material after qualifying the r
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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