Proceedings of SerbiaTrib '13

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die, where there is a layer of the lubricant which isnot yet squeezed out, there is a formation of socalled"nipple slip". During this process quasi-weldzone is steadily increased and thus coefficient offriction is increased as well. When the surface ofquasi-weld zone become equal to the entire frictionsurface, friction coefficient reaches its maximumvalue. In addition, due to strong frictionconnections, micro cracks in the subsurface layerare formed. Due to the continuous material inflowin the zone of deformation noticeable nipple isformed, which at some point, because of crackscaused by the weakening of the frictionalconnection, detach itself from the base material. Inthis way the quasi-welded zone is reduced andlubricant starts to penetrate places of brokenconnections, which reduces the friction coefficient.Chipped of metal fragments are trapped betweenthe die and the surface of sheet metal and are beingcontinuously moved towards the exit part of the die.When they came out of the zone of deformationcoefficient of friction will have a minimum value.Then, the aforementioned process continuouslyrepeats itself.If the inadequate lubricant is used coupled withgreater gripping forces, stickers are formed andcontact conditions are greatly deteriorated whichlead to the significant increase of drawing force foreach subsequent passage (Fig. 6).Sila izvlačenja, kN2 µm14121086420.25 mmFigure 5. Grooved surfaceIVIIIIIIAlMg300 10 20 30 40 50Put klizanja, mmFigure 6. Change of drawing force4. CONCLUSIONFigure 4. Aluminum glued particles on die and punchersurfacesSome lubricants, no matter the fact that theyproduce satisfactory results in steel plates, in caseof plates made of AlMg3 have very poor results.Their usage leads to intense gluing of aluminumonto tool, which is shown in Figure 4. Gluedparticles that are formed on the die during theironing can cause severe damage to the sheet metalsurface (galling) (Figure 5).In the case of ironing one of the maincharacteristic of this processes is the fact thatmultiple repeated operations lead to a gradualincrease in thickness of glued layer, which meansthat the sum of the individual resulting layerscrosses over into the continuous layer.As a result of predominance of the adhesionforces over resistance to plastic flow within gluedlayer plastic deformation of glued particles occursfollowed by their tearing off and smearing.When a sufficiently large thickness of the gluedlayers is achieved, as a result of the multiplerepeated process of plastic deformation, process ofseparating glued particle from tool material begins.This separation is done by pealing (shear) or tearingoff, and creates significant damage to the surfacelayers of tool, and therefore increases the surfaceroughness of the work piece. Such processes arecharacteristic of ironing sheet metal made ofaluminum alloys, where no adequate lubricant isapplied.268 13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13
AcknowledgementThe part of this research is supported byMinistry of Education and Science, Republic ofSerbia, Grant TR32036 and TR34002REFERENCES[1] Леванов А.Н, Колмогоров В.Л. и др.:Контактное трение в процессах обработкиметаллов давлением, Металлургия, 1976.[2] Gierzynska M.: Tarcie zužycie i smarowanie wobrobce plastycznej metali, WNT, Warszawa, 1983.[3] Adamović D.: Ponašanje materijala u kontaktu priprocesima hladnog plastičnog oblikovanja savisokim radnim pritiscima, Doktorska disertacija,Mašinski fakultet u Kragujevcu, Kragujevac, 2002.[4] Kawai N., Nakamura T., Seko S.: The weldingmechanism in drawing of aluminum sheet, Journalof Engineering for Industry, Vol. 102, No. 8, pp.229-238, 1980.[5] Kawai N.: Laboratory simulation for galling inmetal forming, metal transfer and galling in metallicsystems, Proc. Conf. Orlando, Florida, Metal. Soc.AIME, pp.63-86, 1987.13 th International Conference on Tribology – Serbiatrib’13 269
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SerbianTribologySocietyFacultyofEng
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Serbian Tribology SocietyUniversity
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Supported byMinistry of Education,
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PrefaceThe International Conference
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ContentsPlenary Lectures1. THE GREE
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27. WEAR CHARACTERISTICS OF HYBRID
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Tribometry57. PRELIMINARY STUDY ON
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Plenary Lectures13 th International
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIATRIB
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Figure 4. Diagram of the height and
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Realization of the approach is base
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edge without chamfer and smaller ra
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Figure 7. Accumulated tool life in
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Figure 13. Calculated and measured
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Friction deformation of the bronze
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engine cylinders of 2-cylinder-twot
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Table 1: Chemical composition of sa
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Table 4: Comparative wear-resistanc
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- measuring of coating thickness h
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Figure 5. Functional scheme of the
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Table 2. Test results for massive w
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knowledge transfer in the field ofm
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Table 1. Parameters of the electroc
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Figure 6. Wear resistance by linear
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coatings and observed their good we
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c)a)Figure 2: SEM images and micros
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Room temperature 300°CNi/µSiCNiNi
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COF [-] COF [-]Fig.9: COF graphs at
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about 260 nm is related to isolated
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contact’s conformity [18] they ob
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In order to calculate the metallic
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microscopic inspection of the Rp3 s
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otating plate. The shaft passes thr
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similar trends of variation are obs
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smooth, gear fiber-mild steel rough
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[2] Tabor, D.: “Friction and wear
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(10, 50 and 100 N) against surface
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[9] B.R. Gligorijevic, A. Vencl, B.
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dielectric properties, high resista
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parameter, Sv, was slightly influen
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dependence of roughness height and
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Polyethylenes with a molecular weig
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[9] K.S. Kanaga Karuppiah, A.L. Bru
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MgCO3•CaCO3 (13% Mg), and carnall
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fully compatible with MRI/MSCT imag
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5. CONCLUSIONThe magnesium alloys a
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Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDDP)
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C- Lower deposits with NPNA on comb
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films. Carraro et al. [10] examined
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PlateCount No.Critical Load ( N)120
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solid melt of ZA27 alloy using mech
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SiC particles are uniformly distrib
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in number of micro-cracks and clust
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PBT has the average values of the f
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mechanical pressure and thermal loa
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3. EXPERIMENTAL RESULTSTaking into
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[12] L. Blunt De, X. Jiang: Advance
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2. EXPERIMENTALTESTING2.1 MaterialT
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figure 3a it could be seen that the
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and lubrication is done so that the
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5. CONCLUSIONFigure 11. The accumul
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esistance was found for composite c
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onze, which is embedded within the
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The test contact pair meets the req
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complete. The SEM analysis maycontr
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tg( ) tg 100, [%] (2)tgwhere are:
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corresponding to the maximum value
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electrostatics [17]. Due to the fle
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250nm size have been observed, acco
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ETH Zurich, Switzerland, where all
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comparison with the synthetic reinf
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3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION3.1 Micros
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(a)(b)Figure 4. Showing (a) variati
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composites. But the composite compo
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coated and uncoated region after ad
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has been measured between the top s
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Fig. 9 shows the wear track obtaine
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Mica samples preparationFor the ads
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According to the AFM results in fig
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[21] B. G. Sharma et al.: Character
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chemical vapor deposition method wi
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analysis (a) and an approximate che
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Table 3. Friction coefficients of s
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A.K.Oleynik, V.M.Matsevity, ea.]. /
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Most of the friction units of produ
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In order to provide both high parts
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Fig. 3. The comparison the criterio
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Table 3. Experimental and calculate
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For developing the numerical model
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,eccentricities and hydrodynamic pr
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hydrodynamic regime. However, for b
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to obtain the temperature distribut
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force (pressure) between two contac
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5E-06The total displacement [m]4.5E
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Page 233 and 234: [11]. Figure 5 shows s the influenc
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Page 241 and 242: Figure 1. Friction force on side su
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Page 245 and 246: 2. EFFICIENCY OF CYCLO DRIVEEfficie
Page 247 and 248: Figure 6. Dependence of cyclo drive
Page 249 and 250: common for their ability to be inst
Page 251 and 252: FNF (11)R sin cos11 21 22FNF
Page 253 and 254: Normal force [N]4000350030002500200
Page 255 and 256: analytical tests. The analytical te
Page 257 and 258: Table 4. Results of zero samples of
Page 259 and 260: noticeable, and by the end of explo
Page 263 and 264: 4. PLASTIC BEARING APPLICATIONSRega
Page 267 and 268: For Elastohydrodynamic film thickne
Page 269 and 270: The results concluded for different
Page 271 and 272: For Thrust Force of 40KNKrytox 215
Page 273 and 274: Krytox 215 (µ = 0.03204 Pa.s)Figur
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Page 281: In addition, as a result of cyclic
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Page 287 and 288: mechanism these parameters are fina
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Page 293 and 294: Table 2. Impact toughness of some t
Page 297 and 298: Figure 1. Appearance of fractured f
Page 299 and 300: implementation of these new manugac
Page 301 and 302: additional energy is dissipated due
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Page 305 and 306: 4. CONCLUSIONTools of virtual produ
Page 307 and 308: Figure 2. Structure of the machinin
Page 309 and 310: 3. ANALYSIS OF RESULTSThe results o
Page 311 and 312: Figure 15. Surface roughness regard
Page 313 and 314: From the analysis of the diagram it
Page 315 and 316: comparison from economic, energy co
Page 317 and 318: Advantages and disadvantages of tra
Page 319 and 320: The information provided by footwea
Page 321 and 322: Force (N)5,554,543,532,521,510,50Ex
Page 323 and 324: additives, that had been, until rec
Page 325 and 326: Figure 1. Test results for samples
Page 327 and 328: Table 7. Test results of oil sample
Page 329 and 330: Input parameters- Current intensity
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Lower values of current are not res
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Table 1. Chemical composition of si
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flowable at high temperatures and v
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holes (pits) emerge in the shape of
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[4] W. Schatt, K-P. Wieters, Pulver
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assumption allows us to use, instea
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where P is the load, a - radius of
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determination (total running in tim
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μm, compared with Figure 17, wich
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Serbian TribologySocietySERBIIATRIB
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Especially when the chain transfer
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is obvious that this isa so-calledw
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winches. The authors are inclined t
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find parameters of robot laser hard
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each of which is measured by the le
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Fractal dimensions were determined
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Figure 3. Modified force acting sch
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0.25Lubricant: L3DC 04Friction coef
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nanocomposites. The influence of fi
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4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION4.1 Morpho
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Figure 6. Loading and unloadin vers
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3 8 12 1 4 2 4
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The material after qualifying the r
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It has already been mentioned that
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Degradation & Stability, Vol. 69, N
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conformance to researchers’ requi
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This part is assembled of pneumatic
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matrixes describe the state of the
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values influence of themeasurement
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Figure 1. Friction stir weldinga -
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(t 2 t
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M fr / T [-] [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.4
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M fr / T [-]10.90.80.70.60.50.40.30
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experimentally determined that for
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4. DISCUSSIONAccording to the theor
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2.1 The life cycle of the reportThe
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Obviously the report is checked and
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uticaja na osnovu kompozita, a time
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5. ZAKLJUČCIStruktura tiksolivene
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dobijene različite karakteristike
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vizuelno, na dnevnoj svetlosti, pod
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LITERATURA[1] Зинченко В.
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Slika 1. Rotorni bager - glodar VII
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stvaraju sliku stanja i svoja zapa
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njihovih kotrljanih elemenata. Mere
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postupka i uticaja parametara depoz
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posledica različite raspodele mikr
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ZrO 2 Y 2 O 3 je takođe zbog oksid
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3.2 Pneumatska osetljivostOblast pr
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p mg (δ), koji je zbog malih struj
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PNEUMATIC PROBE HEAD SELECTION FOR
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1. Podsistem kopanja2. Podsistem pr
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Slika 3. Kriva habanjaNa tom dijagr
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Mjereni su parametri habanja i pril
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preše prevladavaju kombinirani uvj
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a) b)Slika 5. Karakteristična mikr
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varijantnih materijala u dostavnom
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Jovanović D. 414, 446KKaleicheva J
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CIP - Каталогизација
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