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3.6 Consolidated financial statements Notes to the consolidated financial statements<br />

If in a subsequent period, the amount of the impairment loss<br />

decreases and the decrease can be related objectively to an event<br />

occurring after the impairment was recognized, the previously<br />

recognized impairment loss is reversed through profit or loss.<br />

If the decrease in fair value of an available-for-sale financial asset was<br />

previously recognized directly in equity, such loss is transferred from<br />

equity to profit or loss as soon as an objective evidence of an<br />

impairment loss exists. The amount of the impairment represents the<br />

difference between historical cost (less any redemption and<br />

amortization) and the current fair value less any impairment loss on<br />

that financial asset previously recognized in profit or loss. Impairment<br />

losses on equity instruments classified as available-for-sale and<br />

recognized in the income statement are not reversed through profit or<br />

loss, but rather through equity. The amount of any reversal of any<br />

write-down of debt instruments, which objectively occurred after the<br />

impairment was recognized, is recognized in profit or loss.<br />

Financial liabilities<br />

Financial liabilities are liabilities that must be settled in cash or other<br />

financial assets. These especially include trade accounts payable,<br />

derivative financial liabilities and components of financial debt, mainly<br />

bonds and other securitized liabilities, liabilities to financial institutions<br />

and finance lease liabilities. Financial liabilities are initially carried at<br />

fair value. This includes any transaction costs directly attributable to<br />

the acquisition of financial liabilities, which are not carried at fair value<br />

through profit or loss in future periods.<br />

Trade accounts payable and other non-derivative financial<br />

liabilities<br />

Trade accounts payable and other non-derivative financial liabilities are<br />

in general measured at amortized cost using the effective interest<br />

method. Finance charges, including premiums payable on redemption<br />

or settlement, are periodically accrued and increase the liabilities’<br />

carrying amounts unless they have already been settled in the period<br />

in which they were incurred.<br />

Consolidated financial statements<br />

138 | 139<br />

Financial liabilities carried at fair value through profit or loss<br />

The Group does not use the option to categorize financial liabilities at<br />

fair value through profit or loss when initially recognized.<br />

Financial liabilities held for trading<br />

Derivatives that are not part of an effective hedge accounting in<br />

accordance with IAS 39 must be classified as “held for trading” and<br />

thus carried at fair value through profit or loss. In the event of negative<br />

fair values, such derivatives are recognized as “financial liabilities held<br />

for trading”.<br />

Derivative financial instruments<br />

The Group generally uses derivative financial instruments to hedge its<br />

exposure to foreign currency exchange rate, interest rate and<br />

commodity price risks arising from operational, financing and<br />

investment activities. Derivatives are used generally to hedge existing<br />

or anticipated underlying transactions. Such derivatives and so-called<br />

“embedded derivatives”, which are an integral part of a non-derivative<br />

host contract and must be accounted for separately, are measured<br />

initially and subsequently at fair value through profit or loss. Gains or<br />

losses due to fluctuations in fair value are recognized immediately in<br />

profit or loss.<br />

If derivatives are used to hedge the exposure to variability in cash<br />

flows and to hedge balance sheet items, the hedging relationship<br />

qualifies for hedge accounting under IAS 39 if certain conditions are<br />

met. This can reduce volatility in the income statement. There are three<br />

types of hedging relationships: fair value hedge, cash flow hedge and<br />

hedge of a net investment in a foreign operation.<br />

In a fair value hedge, which is a hedge of the exposure to changes in<br />

fair value of a recognized asset or liability or an unrecognized firm<br />

commitment, the hedging instrument is stated at fair value and any<br />

changes in fair value are immediately recognized in profit or loss.<br />

Changes in fair value of a hedged asset, liability or firm commitment,<br />

which are attributable to a particular hedged risk, are also recognized

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