A Critical Conversation on Climate Change ... - Green Choices

204 development dialogue september 2006 – carbon tradingcarbon. See Fred Pearce, ‘Drought Bumps up GlobalThermostat’, New Scientist, 6 August 2005, p. 16.122 R. Birdsey, ‘Data Gaps for Monitoring Forest Carbonin the United States: An Inventory Perspective’,Environmental Management 33 (Supplement 1),2004, pp. 1–8.123 Richard Toshiyuki Drury et al., ‘Pollution Tradingand Environmental Injustice: Los Angeles’Failed Experiment in Air Quality Policy’, DukeEnvironmental Law and Policy Forum 45, 1999.124 Ibid.125 ‘AQMD Issues Violation for Alleged False Reports inRECLAIM’, Air Quality Management Division News, 2August 2002, http://www.aqmd.gov/news1/acenov.htm.126 ‘Agency Slashes Check Monitoring of IndustrialEmissions’, ENDS Report 360, January 2005. Seealso Fred Pearce, ‘Kyoto’s Promises are Nothing butHot Air’, New Scientist 2557, 24 June 2006, p. 10. Seealso Fred Pearce, ‘Kyoto’s Promises are Norhing butHot Air’, New Scientist, 2557, 24 June 2006, p. 10.127 California Environmental Protection Agency,‘Frequently Asked Questions: Climate Action TeamDraft Report’, Sacramento, 8 December 2005.128 ‘BP’s Credibility Gap over Carbon Emissions’, ENDSReport 326, March 2002, p. 3. See also Partnership forClimate Action, ‘Common Elements among AdvancedGreenhouse Gas Management Programmes’,Environmental Defence, New York, 2002.129 Ruth Greenspan Bell, ‘The Kyoto Placebo’, Issues inScience and Technology, Winter 2006.130 Ruth Greenspan Bell, op. cit. supra note 1, p. 22.131 ‘Point’ sources of CO2 are confined to electricitygenerators and some industrial processes, whichare relatively few compared to the great numberof ‘diffuse’ sources in the commercial, residential,transport and forestry sectors. Methane emissions– from gas distribution, coal mining, livestock andmanure, landfill dumps and wastewater treatment– are similarly widely spread across the landscape.N 2 O is emitted partly from a few easily-identifiablepoint sources associated with certain industrialprocesses, but again mainly from the diffusedtransport and agricultural sectors. PFC emissionsare confined mainly to aluminium manufacture,but HFC and SF 6 emissions from refrigerators andelectrical equipment are again diffused, althoughmore easily controlled than carbon dioxide ormethane emissions in that they are associated withparticular manufactures.132 Quoted in Ross Gelbspan, ‘History at Risk: TheCrisis of the Global Climate’, The Heat is Online,1999, http://www.heatisonline.org/htmloverview.cfm.133 Lisa Jacobson and Allison Schumacher, ‘EmissionsTrading: Issues and Options for Domestic andInternational Markets’, Business Council forSustainable Energy, Washington, 2000, http://www.bcse.org, p. 8. See also Ross Gelbspan, ‘Toward aGlobal Energy Transition’, Foreign Policy in Focus,January 2004, http://www.fpif.org/pdf/petropol/ch5.pdf.134 Quoted in Michael Shellenberger and TedNordhaus, ‘The Death of Environmentalism: GlobalWarming Politics in a Post-Environmental World’,2004, p. 15, available at http://thebreakthrough.org/images/Death_of_Environmentalism.pdf.135 John Pickrell, ‘Soil May Spoil UK’s Climate Efforts’,New Scientist, 7 September 2005.136 Andrew Keeler, ‘Designing a Carbon Dioxide TradingSystem: The Advantages of Upstream Regulation’,Climate Policy Center, Washington, DC, 2002, http://www.cpc-inc.org; Peterson, op. cit. supra note 116.137 Cole, op. cit. supra note 19, p. 84.138 Ellerman et al., op. cit. supra note 93, p.15.139 Heinzerling, op. cit. supra note 55, notes 94–95. Seealso A. Denny Ellerman, ‘Ex Post Evaluation of TradablePermits: The US SO 2 Cap-and-Trade Programme’,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003,http://web.mit.edu/ceepr/www/2003-003.pdf, p. 32;Matthew L. Wald, ‘Acid-Rain Pollution Credits Are NotEnticing Utilities’, New York Times, 5 June 1995.140 Curtis Carlson et al., ‘Sulfur Dioxide Control byElectric Utilities: What Are the Gains from Trade?’,Journal of Political Economy 108, 6, December2000, pp. 1292–1326.141 Curtis A. Moore, ‘The 1990 Clean Air ActAmendments: Failing the acid test’, EnvironmentalLaw Reporter News and Analysis 34, 2004.142 Dallas Burtraw et al., ‘Economics of PollutionTrading for SO2 and NOx’ Resources for the FutureDiscussion Paper 5-05, Resources for the Future,Washington, 2005.143 Moore, op. cit. supra note 61.144 Hernando de Soto, The Mystery of Capital:Why Capitalism Triumphs in the West and FailsEverywhere Else, Black Swan, London, 2000.145 Paul Hawken, Amory Lovins and L. Hunter Lovins,Natural Capitalism: Creating the Next IndustrialRevolution, Little, Brown andCompany/Back Bay, Boston, 2000, p. 117.146 The EU advertises its ETS as ‘an open schemepromoting global innovation to combat climatechange’ in the title of one of its pamphlets – withoutoffering any argument for the claim or evenmentioning the word ‘innovation’ in the text. See ‘EUEmissions Trading’, European Commission, Brussels,2005, http://europa.eu.int.