A Critical Conversation on Climate Change ... - Green Choices

lessons unlearned 207183 Lipow, op. cit. supra note 2. See also DermotGately and Hillard G. Huntington, ‘The AsymmetricEffects of Changes in Price and Income on Energyand Oil Demand’, Economic Research Reports,New York University, 2001, http://www.econ.nyu.edu/cvstarr/working/2001/RR01-01.PDF and JerryTaylor and Peter Van Doren, ‘Evaluating the Casefor Renewable Energy: Is Government SupportWarranted?’, Policy Analysis 422, Cato Institute, 10January 2002.184 Corporations, for their part, often rationally preferinvesting in technologies that increase their powerover labour over those that improve productivityper unit of energy (Michael Perelman, ClassWarfare in the Information Age, Palgrave Macmillan,New York, 2000).185 Henrik Hasselknippe and Kjetil Reine, op. cit. supranote 150.186 ‘Emission trading “no good without targets”’,Environment Daily 1739, 4 October 2004.187 William Nordhaus, ‘Life after Kyoto: AlternativeMechanisms to Control Global Warming Policies’,Yale University, 2005, http://www.fpif.org/fpiftxt/3167.188 Ellerman et al., op cit. supra note 93; Moore, op. cit.supra note 61.189 Vincent de Rivaz, ‘Short Term Strategies Can DistortEmissions Progress’, Financial Times, 28 July 2005,p. 19. See also Fiona Harvey, ‘Market Begins toInfluence Behaviour of Generators’, Financial Times,10 October 2005; and Jean Eaglesham, ‘BusinessAttacks Government’s Short Term Target on GlobalWarming’, Financial Times, 6 October 2005, p. 2).190 Robert L. Hirsch et al., ‘Peaking of WorldOil Production: Impacts, Mitigation and RiskManagement’, February 2005, www.hilltoplancers.org/stories/hirsch0502.pdf.191 Moore, op. cit. supra note 61, p. 23.192 For example, the Competitive Enterprise Institutestates that the costs of complying with the KyotoProtocol alone would cost the US USD 300 billionper year, losing 28 per cent of GDP over 10 years(cited in Vijay V. Vaitheeswaran, Power to thePeople, Earthscan, London, 2005). Energy expertAmory Lovins claims, by contrast, that reductionsin carbon emissions would save USD 300 billionannually given better capital allocation andcorrection of organisational and regulatory failures,lack of information, perverse incentives, and so on(‘Climate Protection for Fun and Profit’, note 168).The US Department of Energy also predicts billionsof dollars in savings (‘Scenarios for a Clean EnergyFuture’, supra note 148). Differences in assumptionseven among conventional economic models can‘easily lead to cost estimates that differ by a factorof ten or more’, notes Stanford economist JohnWeyant. ‘If you ask the broader question of howmuch tackling climate change will cost over thiscentury’, concludes Vaitheeswaran, ‘the honestanswer must be that we simply do not know’.193 Jack Cogen, presentation at the side event arrangedby the International Emissions Trading Associationand the World Bank at the Conference of theParties to the UNFCCC, Montreal, 5 December2005.194 Lipow, op. cit supra note 2.195 Driesen, op. cit. supra note 161, p. 24.196 Michael E. Porter and Claas Van der Linde,‘Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship’, Journal of EconomicPerspectives 9, 1995, p. 97.197 Driesen, op. cit. supra note 161, p. 86.198 Ibid., p. 68.199 Commission on Sustainable Development, Reportof the Secretary General, UN Doc.E/CN.17/2001/PC/20, 2000, p. 4; Driesen, op. cit. supra note 156.200 Wolfgang Sachs et al., The Jo’Burg Memo, HeinrichBöll Foundation, Berlin, 2002, p. 38.201 See, for example, Barbara White, ‘Coase and theCourts: Economics for the Common Man’, Iowa LawReview 72, 1987, pp. 577–635; Larry Lohmann, ‘Makingand Marketing Carbon Dumps: Commodification,Calculation and Counterfactuals in ClimateChange Mitigation’, Science as Culture 14, 3, pp.1–33; Nick Johnstone, ‘Efficient and Effective Use ofTradable Permits in Combination with Other PolicyInstruments’, OECD, Paris, 2003, http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/11/55/2957650.pdf.202 Pat Mooney, What Next? Trendlines and Alternativesfor Civil Society over the Next 30 Years, DagHammarskjöld Foundation, 2006, http://www.dhf.uu.se; Ken Nealson and J. Craig Venter, ‘Summary’of Workshop on The Role of Biotechnology inMitigating Greenhouse Gas Concentrations, 23 June2001, US Department of Energy, Office of Biologicaland Environmental Research; Alun Anderson, ‘CraigVenter’, Prospect, April 2006.203 Greenspan Bell, op. cit. supra note 1, p. 21.204 Michael McCarthy and Michael Harrison, ‘Carbontrading will not cut airline emissions, says BA’,Independent, 30 June 2006.205 ‘BP’s Credibility Gap over Carbon Emissions’, ENDSReport 326, March 2002, p. 4.206 Paul McGarr, ‘Capitalism and Climate Change’,International Socialism 107, 2005, http://www.isj.org.uk/index.php4?id=119&issue=107.