On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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Crossing The BermThey are coming to surrender or be burned in their tanks.Mohammed Saeed al-SahhafIraqi Information Minister“Baghdad Bob”CFLCCFigure 47. CFLCC common operational picture, D+2/G-day, 21 March 2003The first task of the ground war was to penetrate the 10-km-deep defensive linear obstaclecomplex along the Kuwait-Iraq border. Literally a line in the sand, the berm was a combinationof massive tank ditches, concertina wire, electrified fencing, and of course, berms of dirt.The breaching operation required four major tasks: reducing the berms, destroying thedefending Iraqi forces along the border (mostly observation posts), establishing secure lanesthrough the berm, and then passing the follow-on forces through to continue the attack intoIraq. The division planned eight lanes. In coordination with the Kuwaiti forces, the 1st and2nd BCTs would conduct the actual breaches. Once the lanes were clear and the security zonewas established, the division cavalry and the 3rd BCT would pass through and press the attacknorth. The 1st and 2nd BCTs would follow, expanding the division’s presence on Iraqi soil.Reducing the BermAs noted, the deliberate breaching operation had been carefully planned and rehearsed.Still, the decision to execute early rippled through the force so that, by the time word reachedthe brigades and battalions, they ended up moving directly from the attack positions to theborder. The 1st BCT’s Task Force (TF) 2-7 IN, for example, was assigned the mission to assist104
Figure 48. Kuwait-Iraq berm cross-section130th Engineer Brigade 3rd IDFigure 49. Berm to first tank ditch, Kuwait-Iraq borderin preparing the berm approaches in support of 1st BCT’s breach (along Lanes 5, 6, 8A, 9, and10). On 19 March 2003, the task force occupied an attack position less than 11 km from theborder. As it moved into the attack position, TF 2-7 believed it would be there for 24-48 hours,but literally as it arrived, the BCT commander ordered the reduction teams forward. 30105
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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Page 96 and 97: V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
Page 98 and 99: completing its work in February. BC
Page 100 and 101: Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
Page 102 and 103: Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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Page 106 and 107: defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
Page 108 and 109: attalion leadership, with the USARE
Page 110 and 111: The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
Page 112 and 113: and environment of Iraq. They condu
Page 114 and 115: proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
Page 116 and 117: Given all that can go wrong, the pe
Page 118 and 119: Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
Page 120 and 121: opportunities such as a sudden coll
Page 122 and 123: 27. Major General Robert Blackman,
Page 124 and 125: 80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
Page 126 and 127: Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
Page 128 and 129: • Breaching the berm at the borde
Page 130 and 131: humanitarian assistance supplies, w
Page 132 and 133: Intelligence Supporting Operational
Page 134 and 135: Moving the start of the ground camp
Page 136 and 137: Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
Page 138 and 139: Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
Page 140 and 141: Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
Page 142 and 143: to secure the first two primary obj
Page 146 and 147: Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
Page 148 and 149: covering forces rapidly and simulta
Page 150 and 151: After the aborted mission, morale s
Page 152 and 153: act of passing the change of route
Page 154 and 155: Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
Page 156 and 157: Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
Page 158 and 159: Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
Page 160 and 161: also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
Page 162 and 163: Figure 61. Division Central Collect
Page 164 and 165: Figure 63. Distance from Objective
Page 166 and 167: Figure 67. Routes of march north to
Page 168 and 169: Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
Page 170 and 171: did not see me and began to fire on
Page 173 and 174: At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
Page 175: During the fighting at As Samawah,
Page 178 and 179: 24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
Page 180: FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
Page 183 and 184: Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
Page 185: April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
Page 193: US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
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Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
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Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
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working in the LSA and units moving
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Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
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101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
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Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd I
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All of the estimates accurately ass
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decided to break his convoy into tw
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Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
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Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
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With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
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However, employing LRS is not a Lon
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the attack on Baghdad. Practically
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Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
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Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
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advantage in fighting in the dark.
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Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
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Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
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all of them. From a broader perspec
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While never perfect, the Army and e
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Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
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Still, the regiment planned routes
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Moreover, with less than half of th
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Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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her husband had been shot and was i
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AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
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PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
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The 2-101st intended to attack the
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Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
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The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
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on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
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that the adversary seldom behaves a
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learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
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The protracted fighting in As Samaw
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Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
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Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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IN and the tactical command post—
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Electronic attacks against enemy co
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Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
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The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
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Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
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Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
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Accelerating the AttackDuring this
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The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
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V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
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First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
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Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
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to one of the road craters at appro
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Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
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Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
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TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
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Sanderson led from the front near t
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caught fire and ammunition began to
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant C
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131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
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Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
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Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
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Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
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While some soldiers worked to help
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[of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
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These soldiers collect and process
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As the situation developed during t
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Despite the relative ease of their
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Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
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Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
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warrant. 40 If conditions wereGoing
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they came upon them, passing them o
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Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
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Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
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dazed. The explosion and fires prod
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Specialist Gates took it it and ran
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Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
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LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
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The Pros from Dover—Special Force
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About the same time as Johnson move
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Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
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Firing on all Cylinders— —Engin
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Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
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Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
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Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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Post). This information comes from
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Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
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OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
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from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
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Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
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Although urban operations in OIF pr
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Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
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level did have satellite communicat
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The evidence of OIF does not compel
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Of course, building a doctrine and
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also find ways to achieve interdepe
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Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
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Liaison between Army special forces
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Simply stated, operational maneuver
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petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
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Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
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Following the incident, the Army la
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Grouping so many capabilities in th
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The efficacy of net-enabled means t
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Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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1st Brigade, 4th Infantry DivisionH
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Tactical PSYOP Team 221/362nd Tacti
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Control Ground Station Team 5/5/D/3
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Ground Surveillance Systems Platoon
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Eagle-Intel/Analysis and Control El
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A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
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Elements/4th Air Support Operations
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864th Engineer Battalion (-) (Comba
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HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
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51st Movement Control Detachment (D
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HHC/418th Quartermaster Bn59th Quar
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507th Medical Co (Air Ambulance) (A
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AMC Logistics Support Element FWD -
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381st Military Police Detachment (E
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513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
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946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
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Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
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C1C2C2C2XC2PCC3C4C4ISRC5C6CACACOMCA
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EUCOMEXORDF/AFAFAIOFARPFBCB2FIFFIST
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JLOTSJOEJOPESJRACJRTCJSOTFJSOTF-NOR
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OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
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SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
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BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
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Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
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Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps In
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Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
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• 335th Theater Signal Command•
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Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
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103 Military Intelligence Battalion
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603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
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General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
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Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
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Operations Officer, National Ground
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219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
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198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
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427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
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USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
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The United Strates Army in Opera
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