On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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needed on a tank. 13 OIF highlights a problem identified during DESERT STORM that remainsto be solved.Deserts and Rivers—the TerrainV Corps conducted operations in both desert and river valley terrain on the way to theKarbala Gap. In the western section of the area of operations, the terrain is typical desert—dryand broken with waddies and gullies that disrupt and canalize movement when traveling crosscountry.Within the river valley, the terrain is similar to that around As Samawah—plowedfields dissected with irrigation ditches and interspersed with palm groves. Wheeled movementis possible along the canal dikes and roads, but they are generally not wide or strong enoughto support armored vehicles. The desert area is generally not populated, while the farmlandsbetween the towns on the Euphrates River are dotted with small villages and farmingcommunities. The terrain was a known factor that the corps could plan for; the weather, on theother hand, was not.The Mother of All SandstormsOn 25-27 March 2003, a strong weather system in the Middle East triggered a series ofdust/sandstorms that became nearly continuous and slowed operations throughout the theater.On the first day, several moderate to strong thunderstorms swept west to east through Iraqand Kuwait. In front of and behind these storms, strong winds caused blowing sand, reducingvisibility to near zero at times. Sand, dust and raindrops mingled to form what troops describedas a mud storm. On the second day, the storm center passed across northern Iraq and movedinto Iran by midnight.Strong west and southwesterly winds from this low-pressure system blew across centraland southern areas of Iraq, keeping the sandstorms going throughout the theater. On 27 March,most of Iraq’s skies cleared as the dust settled under an approaching high-pressure area. ButKuwait and the Persian Gulf were still experiencing blowing dust, hindering ground and airoperations around Kuwait and naval operations in the gulf. 14150Figure 79. Satellite photograph of sandstorm, 26 March 2003
Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd ID soldier during the sandstorm101st Abn Div AARFigure 81. 101st Airborne Division OH-58D Kiowa Warrior after the sandstormWhile the weather threw its wind-borne surprises at the coalition forces, the Iraqis did thesame on the ground. The enemy disposition, tactics, and threat were, at times, as murky as thedust-filled air.151
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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completing its work in February. BC
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Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
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Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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ight thing to do. More than 6,200 s
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defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
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attalion leadership, with the USARE
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The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
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and environment of Iraq. They condu
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proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
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Given all that can go wrong, the pe
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Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
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opportunities such as a sudden coll
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27. Major General Robert Blackman,
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80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
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Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
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• Breaching the berm at the borde
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humanitarian assistance supplies, w
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Intelligence Supporting Operational
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Moving the start of the ground camp
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Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
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Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
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Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
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to secure the first two primary obj
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Crossing The BermThey are coming to
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Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
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covering forces rapidly and simulta
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After the aborted mission, morale s
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act of passing the change of route
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Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
Page 156 and 157: Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
Page 158 and 159: Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
Page 160 and 161: also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
Page 162 and 163: Figure 61. Division Central Collect
Page 164 and 165: Figure 63. Distance from Objective
Page 166 and 167: Figure 67. Routes of march north to
Page 168 and 169: Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
Page 170 and 171: did not see me and began to fire on
Page 173 and 174: At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
Page 175: During the fighting at As Samawah,
Page 178 and 179: 24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
Page 180: FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
Page 183 and 184: Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
Page 185: April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
Page 193: US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
Page 197 and 198: Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
Page 199 and 200: Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
Page 201 and 202: working in the LSA and units moving
Page 203 and 204: Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
Page 205: 101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
Page 209 and 210: All of the estimates accurately ass
Page 211 and 212: decided to break his convoy into tw
Page 213 and 214: Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
Page 215 and 216: Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
Page 217 and 218: With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
Page 219 and 220: However, employing LRS is not a Lon
Page 221 and 222: the attack on Baghdad. Practically
Page 223 and 224: Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
Page 225 and 226: Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
Page 227 and 228: advantage in fighting in the dark.
Page 229 and 230: Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
Page 231 and 232: Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
Page 233 and 234: all of them. From a broader perspec
Page 235 and 236: While never perfect, the Army and e
Page 237 and 238: Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
Page 239 and 240: Still, the regiment planned routes
Page 241 and 242: Moreover, with less than half of th
Page 243 and 244: Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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Page 247 and 248: AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
Page 249 and 250: PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
Page 251 and 252: The 2-101st intended to attack the
Page 253 and 254: Figure 104. 101st Airborne Division
Page 255 and 256: Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
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The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
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on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
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that the adversary seldom behaves a
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learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
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The protracted fighting in As Samaw
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Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
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Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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IN and the tactical command post—
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Electronic attacks against enemy co
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Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
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The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
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Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
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Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
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Accelerating the AttackDuring this
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The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
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V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
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First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
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Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
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to one of the road craters at appro
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Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
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Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
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TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
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Sanderson led from the front near t
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caught fire and ammunition began to
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant C
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131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
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Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
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Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
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Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
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While some soldiers worked to help
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[of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
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These soldiers collect and process
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As the situation developed during t
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Despite the relative ease of their
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Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
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Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
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warrant. 40 If conditions wereGoing
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they came upon them, passing them o
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Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
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Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
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dazed. The explosion and fires prod
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Specialist Gates took it it and ran
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Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
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LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
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The Pros from Dover—Special Force
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About the same time as Johnson move
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Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
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Firing on all Cylinders— —Engin
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Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
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Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
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Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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Post). This information comes from
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Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
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OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
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from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
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Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
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Although urban operations in OIF pr
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Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
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level did have satellite communicat
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The evidence of OIF does not compel
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Of course, building a doctrine and
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also find ways to achieve interdepe
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Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
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Liaison between Army special forces
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Simply stated, operational maneuver
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petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
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Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
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Following the incident, the Army la
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Grouping so many capabilities in th
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The efficacy of net-enabled means t
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Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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1st Brigade, 4th Infantry DivisionH
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Tactical PSYOP Team 221/362nd Tacti
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Control Ground Station Team 5/5/D/3
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Ground Surveillance Systems Platoon
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Eagle-Intel/Analysis and Control El
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A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
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Elements/4th Air Support Operations
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864th Engineer Battalion (-) (Comba
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HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
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51st Movement Control Detachment (D
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HHC/418th Quartermaster Bn59th Quar
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507th Medical Co (Air Ambulance) (A
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AMC Logistics Support Element FWD -
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381st Military Police Detachment (E
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513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
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946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
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Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
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Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
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C1C2C2C2XC2PCC3C4C4ISRC5C6CACACOMCA
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EUCOMEXORDF/AFAFAIOFARPFBCB2FIFFIST
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JLOTSJOEJOPESJRACJRTCJSOTFJSOTF-NOR
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OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
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SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
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BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
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Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
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Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps In
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Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
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• 335th Theater Signal Command•
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Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
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103 Military Intelligence Battalion
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603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
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General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
Page 584 and 585:
Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
Page 586 and 587:
Operations Officer, National Ground
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219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
Page 590 and 591:
198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
Page 592 and 593:
427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
Page 594 and 595:
USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
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The United Strates Army in Opera
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