On Point: the United States Army in Operation Iraqi ... - Boekje Pienter

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DocumentsRather than list each document discretely, this bibliography will list records groups byunit or command. The bibliography is limited to those records groups that the writing teamused. The OIF archive includes some 119, 000 documents and 68,000 photographs, many ofwhich were not used because of classification or because they were not pertinent to the termsof reference for On Point records. Groups include briefings, plans and orders, reports and unithistories, and after-action reviews.United States Central Command.United States European Command.United States Army Europe—This records group primarily pertains to training and deploymentof United States Army Europe units.United States Forces Command—This records group is fairly small and focused on ForcesCommand updates and deployment records.United States Transportation Command —This records group includes records from all threeservice component commands. The Military Traffic Management Command records groupincludes data provided by 598th Transportation Terminal Group that provided single portmanagement in theater.Training and Doctrine Command—This records group is fairly small and devoted to tactics,techniques and procedures for military operations. It contains some after-action reviews,including example Battle Command Training Program after-action reviews.Coalition Forces Air Component Command—This records group is not large, but research focusedon air tasking order execution, related special instructions and commander’s intent foreach air tasking order cycle, thus enabling an understanding of the air effort. These recordsinclude the CFACC Campaign Briefing.Coalition Forces Special Operations Component Command—Due to classification, On Pointcites very few documents from this group, but the OIF archive has a fairly broad collectionof SOF documents. This records group includes records for JSOTF-West, North, and 173rdAirborne BrigadeCoalition Joint Psychological Operations Task Force.Coalition Forces Land Component Command—For obvious reasons this is the most completeof the CENTCOM component command records groups. CFLCC echelon above corps unitsare cited as separate records groups. This group of records includes the staff and the generalbody of records associated with the CFLCC headquarters. The records of the CFLCC headquartersprovided the basis for understanding the land component campaign. This recordsgroup also includes records from Office of Reconstruction and Humanitarian Assistance(ORHA), the organization that preceded the Coalition Provisional Authority (CPA).516• 75th Exploitation Task Force• 32nd Army Air and Missile Defense Command• 416th Engineer Command
• 335th Theater Signal Command• 513th Military Intelligence Brigade• 352nd Civil Affairs Command• 377th Theater Support Command—The 377th records group is quite large as it includeseverything from military police prisoner of war processing units to Army MaterielCommand support activities located in the theater from Kuwait to Qatar.• Task Force RIO (Restore Iraqi Oil).I Marine Expeditionary Force—This records group is by no means as complete as similarrecords groups for V Corps and its subordinates, but it contains graphics and orders that enableda general understanding of I MEF operations in the context of the CFLCC campaign. Italso contains the records of US Army enabler units in support of Marine operations, such aschemical defense, signal, engineers, and military police.V Corps—This records group and those of the units assigned to V Corps are cited more thanany other group in the collection.• 3rd Infantry Division—The 3rd ID records group includes subordinate unit records,reports and histories down to the battalion and separate company echelon.• 4th Infantry Division—Not as complete as the other division records groups since OnPoint focused on major combat operations.• 82nd Airborne Division—Not as complete as other division records groups and focusedon the 2nd BCT.• 101st Airborne Division—The 101st records group includes subordinate unit records,reports, and histories down to the battalion and separate company echelon.• 1st Infantry Division (-)—A small collection of records from the 1st Brigade unitsdeployed, primarily 1st Battalion, 63rd Armor Regiment.• 1st Armored Division (-)—A small collection of records from the 3rd Brigade unitsdeployed, primarily Task Force 1-41 Infantry and Task Force 2-70 Armor.• 2nd Armored Cavalry Regiment (Light).• 3rd Armored Cavalry Regiment.• 11th Attack Helicopter Regiment.• 12th Aviation Brigade.• V Corps Artillery.• 31st Air Defense Artillery Brigade.• 130th Engineer Brigade.• 205th Military Intelligence Brigade.• 18th Military Police Brigade.• 22nd Signal Brigade.• 18th Soldier Support Group.• 3rd Ordnance Battalion (explosive ordnance disposal).• 3rd Corps Support Command.• 1st Medical Brigade.• 30th Medical Brigade.• 62nd Medical Brigade.517
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The United States Army inOperation
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The Library of Congress Cataloging-
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PrefaceOn Point is a study of Opera
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AcknowledgementsHistorians prefer t
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called him unkind names and questio
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Table of ContentsForeword..........
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Figure 78. 101st Airborne Division
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Table of Call Out BoxesThe SIPRNET
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The 8 April Counterattack .........
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Saddam Hussein and the Ba’athists
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Army special operations soldiers, a
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• Information and Knowledge. The
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successful battles and engagements
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timelines at the beginning of each
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Chapter 1Operation DESERT STORM to
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combat. The US Army’s AirLand Bat
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The domestic political landscape in
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was to experiment to anticipate cha
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The authors also attempted to accou
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The SIPRNET RevolutionIn addition t
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efore World War I. 16 The extended
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commanders to consider the battlesp
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presence is not possible. Moreover,
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• The Air Force’s C-17 Globemas
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GAO Report. Military Transformation
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On 20 September 2001, President Geo
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All of these efforts led to a sweep
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NOTES1. General Frederick M. Franks
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Chapter 2Prepare, Mobilize, and Dep
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joint organizations played central
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Figure 10. Key coalition camps and
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CLCC LOG and Title 10 PowerPoint pr
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Figure 17. Tern delivers Army water
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Pre-positioned EquipmentIn Europe d
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allies in the region in providing s
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organization to leverage joint inte
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surprise but allowed a gradual buil
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Figure 24. V Corps objectivesin any
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that supported them, while denying
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Webster and Spider Marks. Marine Br
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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V Corps Command Brief, 15 July 2003
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completing its work in February. BC
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Figure 32. Soldiers posing with a D
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Figure 33. V Corps assault command
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ight thing to do. More than 6,200 s
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defense coordinator (TAAMCOORD), an
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attalion leadership, with the USARE
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The 18th MP Brigade, stationed in M
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and environment of Iraq. They condu
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proper mix of combat, CS, and CSS u
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Given all that can go wrong, the pe
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Jeremiah Johnson, Combat CameraFigu
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opportunities such as a sudden coll
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27. Major General Robert Blackman,
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80. Lieutenant Colonel John Huey, p
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Summary of EventsSaddam Hussein and
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• Breaching the berm at the borde
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humanitarian assistance supplies, w
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Intelligence Supporting Operational
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Moving the start of the ground camp
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Figure 42. PSYOP leaflets distribut
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Igor Paustovski, Combat CameraFigur
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Figure 45. Comparison of Iraqi grou
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to secure the first two primary obj
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Crossing The BermThey are coming to
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Figure 50. 3rd ID border breach sch
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covering forces rapidly and simulta
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After the aborted mission, morale s
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act of passing the change of route
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Figure 54. RRP EXXON and FARP SHELL
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Air Base (An Nasiriyah), seize the
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Figure 58. The 3rd BCT scheme of ma
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also captured more than 200 EPWs, i
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Figure 61. Division Central Collect
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Figure 63. Distance from Objective
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Figure 67. Routes of march north to
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Staff Sergeant Dillard Johnson, 1st
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did not see me and began to fire on
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At 1430 on 23 March, 3rd BCT took c
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During the fighting at As Samawah,
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24. Chief Warrant Officer 2 Jay Deh
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FLOYD, Johnson’s platoon fought y
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Army Spec. Joshua Earl,a military p
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April 1, 2003, black smoke rises fr
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US Army photoSgt. 1st Class Anothon
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Chapter 4The March Up-CountryI don
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Figure 74. March up-country sequenc
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working in the LSA and units moving
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Colonel Melvin Frazier, who command
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101st Abn Div AARFigure 78. 101st A
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Courtesy of V CorpsFigure 80. 3rd I
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All of the estimates accurately ass
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decided to break his convoy into tw
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Figure 86. The 507th route of movem
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Figure 87. The 507th Maintenance Co
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With 3rd BCT, 3rd ID securing the l
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However, employing LRS is not a Lon
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the attack on Baghdad. Practically
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Marcone and Grimsley justifiably ex
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Figure 92. Ambush Alley—officiall
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advantage in fighting in the dark.
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Robert Woodward, US ArmyFigure 93.
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Figure 95. Chemical soldiers from t
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all of them. From a broader perspec
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While never perfect, the Army and e
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Figure 96. 11th AHR attack scheme f
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Still, the regiment planned routes
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Moreover, with less than half of th
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Figure 99. Apache attack helicopter
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her husband had been shot and was i
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AdaptationsFollowing the attack, Ar
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PlanningThe planned 101st attack ag
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The 2-101st intended to attack the
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Figure 107. 3rd ID’s scheme to en
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followed. The third tank, Lieutenan
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the division elected to block the e
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3-73-7CAVCAVFightingFightingininAnA
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Figure 112. Relief in place of 3-7
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enemy as they had at As Samawah. Ar
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Figure 114. Lieutenant General Wall
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airborne assault, the units had beg
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From 29-30 March, the 82nd conducte
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Company at Checkpoint Charlie, subo
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towns during the five simultaneous
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Figure 124. PSYOP leaflets to minim
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The 173rd’s combat capability als
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moment. The ground had been plowed
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The brigade also jumped with a high
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Figure 129. TF 1-63 AR Abrams tank
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NOTES1. Captain Michael Matthews, O
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59. Colonel Rodney Mallette, MTMC,
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133. Oliver.134. Marcone.135. Ibid.
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202. Colonel Blair Ross, A Transfor
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to Baghdad in the east, and the I M
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Figure 133. Objectives in the vicin
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crossed a river or entered the maze
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three brigade combat teams, 1st BCT
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paid off in spades. ThroughoutI’v
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Figure 135. Enemy disposition in th
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ack toward Baghdad, and began condu
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Figure 140. Sample district council
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virtually every type of mission pos
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Lieutenant General Wallace on theFi
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Figure 144. Objective MURRAYabout I
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Figure 145. Enemy and friendly disp
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The Approach: Isolating An NajafAft
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130th Engineer BrigadeFigure 149. E
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When his battalion attacked into to
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The FeintAt 0600, the Thunderbolts
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on the way to Al Hillah. Accordingl
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that the adversary seldom behaves a
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learned from the 3rd ID, SOF troops
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The protracted fighting in As Samaw
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Figure 156. The scheme for the isol
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Launching the AttackHaving rearmed
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IN and the tactical command post—
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Electronic attacks against enemy co
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Figure 164. TF 3-69 AR attacks to s
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The Smoke Mission at Objective PEAC
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Figure 166. 2nd BCT attacks to Obje
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Figure 168. Iraqi tank burning in t
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Accelerating the AttackDuring this
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The ApproachTrue to his word, Grims
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V CorpsFigure 171. Civilian aircraf
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First Lieutenant Mark Schenck, writ
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Essayons: Sergeant First Class Paul
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to one of the road craters at appro
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Figure 177. Platoon leaders of Apac
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Figure 179. The 3rd BCT Objectives
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TF 2-69 Armor, the brigade’s main
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Sanderson led from the front near t
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caught fire and ammunition began to
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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61. Ibid. 2-70 AR; and Lieutenant C
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131. 2nd BCT, 3rd ID, 3. See also L
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Chapter 6Regime Collapse“There ar
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Figure 184. Attack to BaghdadBaghda
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Actions ElsewhereAs the corps’ an
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While some soldiers worked to help
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[of Saddam Hussein] were located. T
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These soldiers collect and process
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As the situation developed during t
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Despite the relative ease of their
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Mason Lowery, US ArmyFigure 190. TF
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Thunder Run of 7 AprilTask: Attack
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warrant. 40 If conditions wereGoing
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they came upon them, passing them o
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Figure 195. TF 1-64 AR movement int
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Figure 197. The 2nd BCT disposition
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dazed. The explosion and fires prod
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Specialist Gates took it it and ran
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Task OrganizationOn the evening bef
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LARRY, and Gator would secure the n
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The Pros from Dover—Special Force
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About the same time as Johnson move
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Rage faced dismounted Republican Gu
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Firing on all Cylinders— —Engin
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Figure 206. The Iraqi counterattack
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Figure 207. The Iraqi counterattack
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Silver Star RecommendationSpecialis
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NOTES1. Anthony H. Cordesman, The I
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Post). This information comes from
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Chapter 7ImplicationsSoldiers, sail
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OIF demonstrated that the COE is no
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from the War in Iraq.” The Russia
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Bank and Gaza provided grist for Ar
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Although urban operations in OIF pr
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Fort Irwin “replicated” the ene
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level did have satellite communicat
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The evidence of OIF does not compel
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Of course, building a doctrine and
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also find ways to achieve interdepe
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Special Forces in ActionOn 20 20 Ap
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Liaison between Army special forces
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Simply stated, operational maneuver
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petroleum, oil, and lubricants (POL
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Logistics SuccessesThere are some g
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Following the incident, the Army la
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Grouping so many capabilities in th
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The efficacy of net-enabled means t
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Information OperationsOperation OIF
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There are some obvious OIF implicat
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Most tactical unit commanders claim
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NOTES1. JFCOM and TRADOC are moving
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Chapter 8TransitionPeace enforcemen
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On Point has not been able to deliv
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I Guess I Made an ImpressionThis fi
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him the opportunity to honor his cl
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NOTES1. General Peter J. Schoomaker
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DESERT STORM as commander of VII Co
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Combined Forces Land Component Comm
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Facilities Engineer Team410th Milit
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244th Theater Aviation Brigade (OPC
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Facilities Engineer Detachment BFor
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Detachment/Marine Light Attack Heli
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Detachment/Marine Aerial Refueler/T
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4th Light Armored Recon Battalion (
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10th Logistics Planning Augmentatio
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315th Tactical PSYOP CoTactical PSY
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Shadow Tactical Unmanned Aerial Veh
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1st Brigade, 4th Infantry DivisionH
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Tactical PSYOP Team 221/362nd Tacti
Page 521 and 522: Control Ground Station Team 5/5/D/3
Page 523 and 524: Ground Surveillance Systems Platoon
Page 525 and 526: Eagle-Intel/Analysis and Control El
Page 527 and 528: A/326th Engineer BattalionTeam 1/27
Page 529 and 530: Elements/4th Air Support Operations
Page 531 and 532: 864th Engineer Battalion (-) (Comba
Page 533 and 534: HHC (-)/22nd Signal Bde17th Signal
Page 535 and 536: 51st Movement Control Detachment (D
Page 537 and 538: HHC/418th Quartermaster Bn59th Quar
Page 539 and 540: 507th Medical Co (Air Ambulance) (A
Page 541 and 542: AMC Logistics Support Element FWD -
Page 543 and 544: 381st Military Police Detachment (E
Page 545 and 546: 513th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
Page 547 and 548: 249th Quartermaster Co (Repair Part
Page 549 and 550: 946th Transportation Co (Medium Tru
Page 551 and 552: Marine Medium Helicopter Squadron 2
Page 553 and 554: Glossary A2C2AAAAAMDCAASLTABC-BLABC
Page 555 and 556: C1C2C2C2XC2PCC3C4C4ISRC5C6CACACOMCA
Page 557 and 558: EUCOMEXORDF/AFAFAIOFARPFBCB2FIFFIST
Page 559 and 560: JLOTSJOEJOPESJRACJRTCJSOTFJSOTF-NOR
Page 561 and 562: OBJODAODSOEFOHOIFOIF-SGO/OOOTWOPCON
Page 563 and 564: SOCCESOCCENTSOCOMSOFSOPSPSPACECOMSP
Page 565 and 566: BibliographyInterviews, Discussions
Page 567 and 568: Group InterviewsInterview with CFLC
Page 569 and 570: Dilanian, Ken. “Airborne Jumps In
Page 571: Joint Publication 4-01.8. Joint Tac
Page 575: Lieutenant Colonel David Kolleda.
Page 578 and 579: 103 Military Intelligence Battalion
Page 580 and 581: 603rd Aviation Support Battalion ·
Page 582 and 583: General, USMC, Chief of Staff, CFLC
Page 584 and 585: Davis, Wilbur, Staff Sergeant, USA,
Page 586 and 587: Operations Officer, National Ground
Page 588 and 589: 219, 223, 243, 278, 296, 314, 331,
Page 590 and 591: 198, 284, 315Objective RAMS · 102,
Page 592 and 593: 427, 430, 518Schwartz, Eric ‘Rick
Page 594 and 595: USS Higgins, Aegis Destroyer · 65,
Page 598: The United Strates Army in Opera
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