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O-067The Boomerang complex: iterations and knowledge transfer in joint R&DprojectsJulie Hermans, Annick Castiaux, Louvain School Of Management, Campus Of Namur (FUNDP), Namur, BelgiumIngrid Chalant, University of Liège, BelgiumSUBTHEME: S5 Government and public policy in the Triple Helix eraKEYWORDS: knowledge transfer; joint R&D projects; competitiveness clustersABSTRACTSince 2006, the Walloon government has been financing university-industry R&D projects within the framework of thecompetitiveness clusters of Wallonia (French part of Belgium). This policy complements the set of R&D instruments alreadydeployed in Wallonia to sustain innovation through the linkage of companies and research institutions. While the support ofuniversity-industry relationships is a stable component of innovation policies (Behrens and Gray 2001) not only in Wallonia butworldwide, their actual effects are still opened to discussion and the public debate about the role of university is still topical(Audretsch et al. 2002). In particular, one may question the role of academic laboratories as knowledge suppliers in joint R&Dprojects that focus on different phases of the R&D process.In this paper, I explore knowledge exchanges between academic laboratories and their industrial partners as the nature of theirjoint R&D activities varies between prospection, exploration and exploitation. This typology recognizes the distinction betweenexploration and exploitation which is usually proposed to characterize industrial R&D activities (Cesaroni et al. 2005; Chanaland Mothe 2005) or inter-firm R&D alliances (Koza and Lewin 1998; Rothaermel and Deeds 2004) and complements it with theinsights from Stokes (1997) that address R&D activities undertaken by universities.Building on Leonard-Barton (1990), results are drawn from an in-depth longitudinal case study combined with multiple replicatedcases, in this case projects that are conducted through the same covenant and with common partners. The main case is anR&D project followed since June 2007. It combines data collected through semi-structured interviews, documentation as well asobservation during plenary meetings and other events such as conferences and team building events. This approach allowsstudying iterations between prospection, exploration and exploitation if the project undertakes accelerations or on the contraryfaces blocking points. It also takes into consideration the bilateral nature of knowledge flows between partners (Meyer-Krahmerand Schmoch 1998; Baba et al. 2009) and distinguishes four forms of exchanges: Know who, Know what, Know how and Knowwhy (Lundvall and Johnson 1994; Johnson et al. 2002).The goal of this work is to contribute to the empirical micro studies of what is learnt, how, and by whom (Johnson et al. 2002)in the context of publicly funded innovation networks like the Walloon competitiveness clusters. By documenting how R&Dprojects can take various forms and evolve along time – in this case from prospection to exploitation and backwards – it alsocontributes to the development of a dynamic view of knowledge transfer (Faems et al. 2005). As a matter of fact, findingshighlight that exploitative, explorative and prospective projects imply specific knowledge flows. In other words, academic laboratoriesare not expected to play the same role in projects that differ in nature and have to negotiate their quest for understandingaccordingly. Findings also show that the alignment between the nature of the project and the expected exchanges is a centralissue for successful university-industry partnership, especially when the project does not evolve as planned and when thepartners are required to go back to more explorative work. Such iterations in the R&D projects act as boomerangs that deviatethe team from its original – straightforward – targets, leading to frustrations and disinvestments in the project if the originalalignment is not rethought accordingly.From a practitioner point of view, those results should be of interest for various strategic actors involved in innovation networksand joint R&D projects: public authorities in charge of innovation policies, industrial and academic partners directly involved injoint R&D projects as well as the administrators of innovation networks as this study provides clues to enhance the managementof their projects’ portfolio.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010150
REFERENCES- Audretsch, D. B., B. Bozeman, K. L. Combs, M. Feldman, A. N. Link, D. S. Siegel, P. Stephan, G. Tassey and C. Wessner(2002). "The economics of Science and technology." Journal of Technology Transfer 27: 155-203.- Baba, Y., N. Shichijo and S. R. Sedita (2009). "How collaborations with universities affect firms' innovative performance? Therole of "Pasteur scientists" in the advanced materials field." Research Policy 38(5): 756-764.- Behrens, T. R. and D. O. Gray (2001). "Unintended consequences of cooperative research: impact of industry sponsorshipon climate for academic freedom and other graduate student outcome." Research Policy 30(2): 179-199.- Cesaroni, F., A. Di Minin and A. Piggaluga (2005). "Exploration and exploitation in Industrial R&D." Creativity and InnovationManagement 14(3): 222-232.- Chanal, V. and C. Mothe (2005). "Concilier innovations d'exploitation et d'exploration: le cas du secteur automobile." RevueFrancaise De Gestion 154(1): 173-191.- Faems, D., B. Van Looy and K. Debackere (2005). "The role of inter-organizational collaboration within innovation strategies:towards a portfolio approach." Journal of Product Innovation Management 22: 238-251.- Johnson, B., E. Lorenz and B. A. Lundvall (2002). "Why all this fuss about codified and tacit knowledge?" Industrial andCorporate Change 11(2): 245-262.- Koza, M. P. and A. Y. Lewin (1998). "The co-evolution of strategic alliances." Organization Science 9: 255-264.- Leonard-Barton, D. (1990). "A dual methodology for case studies: Synergistic of a longitudinal single site with replicatedmultiple sites." Organization Science 1(3): 248-266.- Lundvall, B. A. and B. Johnson (1994). "The learning economy." Industry and Innovation 1(2): 23-42.- Meyer-Krahmer, F. and U. Schmoch (1998). "Science-based technologies: university-industry interactions in four fields."Research Policy 27(8): 835-851.- Rothaermel, F. T. and D. L. Deeds (2004). "Exploration and exploitation alliances in biotechnology: a system of new productdevelopment." Strategic Management Journal 25: 201-221.- Stokes, D. E. (1997). Pasteur's quadrant : basic science and technological innovation. Washington, D.C., Brookings InstitutionPress.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010151
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O-050IMPLICATION OF FIRMS’ LINKAG
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O-082Challenges for governmental ro
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Selected References- Bercovitz, J.,
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References- CABRAL, R., DAHAB, S. (
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O-070The Role of the University and
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O-120Absorptive capacity and the de
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O-103Determinants of scientific int
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References- Archibugi, D., B-A. Lun
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O-085BEWARE OF THE RED QUEENTariq D
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P-017University cluster: Russian ex
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O-011CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES T
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References (some main references)-
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The entrepreneurial university mode
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Keywords: Local Innovation Systems
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O-056THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX ORGAN
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O-095Sustainable Triple Helix exper
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O-009Interaction Between the Univer
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Page 185 and 186: Facilitating linkagesLester (2003)
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P-002Doing gender in Sweden’s inn
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ST-07The Architecture of Innovation
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Contributions and ImplicationBy app
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References:- Colciencias 2008. Colo
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CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPLICATIONSWe be
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- experts that were involved in the
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O-116The Triple Helix of a Regional
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- University-Industry- Government I
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- ETZKOWITZ, H.; LEYDESDORFF, L. Un
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Contributions and implicationsThe u
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O-134The determinants of entreprene
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O-091Caring for the business platfo
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P-054"I do not know if this is a go
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O-111JUMPSTARTING THE TRIPLE HELIX
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References- Coase, R. (1988). The F
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References- BAIN, J. S. Industrial
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References- Clark, A. (2004). Evalu
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Reference- Etzkowitz Henry, MIT and
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O-021Motivation, obstacles and stra
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P-043Webometrics analysis of public
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O-118Technological Parks in Mexico:
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REFERENCES- BALLON, P.; PIERSON, J.
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- with foreign actors concerning di
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incubation houses operating in deve
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P-055Academic entrepreneurship in t
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References:- Admade, M.T. and Romer
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'Technologies for the marketing of
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References- Audretsche, D.B. (1998)
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P-013Determinants of university-ind
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O-051“COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AMON
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O-041Towards a Knowledge Society:Ex
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P-036Research and Innovation privat
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P-026AGROPOLIS DEL NORTE : a local
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- Etzkowitz, H, 2004, The evolution
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attitude and a scientific approach.
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models for conduct his/hers process
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terms of the addition of a fourth s
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Desarrollo and Global Entrepreneurs
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- Ehikhamenor, F.A., (2003). Intern
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References:- Roberts E. B. and Eesl
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some evidence that there might be p
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universities in the "knowledge soci
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Feldman (2006), and are not conside
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O-025The dynamic evolution of knowl
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faculties of Engineering, Science a
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Bibliographic references- ETZKOWITZ
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References- Bercovitz, J, and Feldm
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References- Boden, Mark e Miles, Ia
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References- Gibbons M., Limoge C.,
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O-101HOW MUCH THE ROLE OF THE OTHER
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O-090PUBLIC PROGRAMME CONTEXTS AND
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O-075The effectiveness of universit
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O-076Technology Transfer in a Publi
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O-052Between Myth and Reality: Deve
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O-017Characterising Triple Helix li
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P-004STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNA
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O-140Analysing entrepreneurial arch
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O-104The co-evolvement of local dev
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P-031Context Factors Moderating the
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P-019Conception of the Development
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O-088Key Ingredients of Innovation:
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Methodology and research designData
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References:- Chesbrough, H. (2003).
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At present, government policy in Th
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O-092Increase in Effectiveness of T
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O-115Analysis of the conception, mo
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O-036A PROPOSAL TO INTEGRATE THE UN
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O-039NC State’s Centennial Campus
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O-068The Impacts of Seed Grants as
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O-123 Technology Transfer Process i
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