TRIPLE HELIX noms.pmd

some evidence that there might be peer effects, meaning that there might be positive feedbacks between individuals and theirenvironment which might force endogenous group dynamics. Hence, a fruitful avenue for further research might be the investigationof the (formal and/or informal) institutions (e.g., reward systems, competition etc.) which are required for positive feedbacks tooccur.Further result of this study is that the research excellence matters for the intensity of collaboration. Excellent researchers arefound to have more informal linkages and to collaborate more intensive on R&D (commissioned as well as jointly with privatefirms). On the other hand, excellent researchers are less engaged in activities such as the performance of technical servicesand advanced training for firms as well as consulting. The results provide evidence that star researchers allocate more effortstowards collaboration activities mainly associated with the generation or discovering of new research fields.References:- Agrawal A., Henderson R. (2002): Putting Patents in Context: Exploring Knowledge Transfer from MIT, Management Science,48, 44-60.- Belderbos R., Carree M., Diederen B., Lokshin B., Veugelers R. (2004): Heterogeneity in R&D cooperation strategies,International Journal of Industrial Organization, 22, 1237-1263.- Cassiman B., Veugelers R., Zuniga P. (2007): Science linkages and innovation performance: An analysis on CIS-3 firms inBelgium, WP 671, IESE Business School - University of Navarra.- Cassiman B., Veugelers R., Zuniga P. (2008): In search of performance effects of (in)direct industry science links, Industrialand Corporate Change, 17, 611-646.- Cohen W. M., Nelson R. R., Walsh J. P. (2002): Links and Impacts: The Influence of Public Research on Industrial R&D,Management Science, 48, 1-23.- D'Este P., Patel P. (2007): University-industry linkages in the UK: What are the factors underlying the variety of interactionswith industry?, Research Policy, 36, 1295-1313.- Feldman M. P., Desrochers P. (2003): Research universities and local economic development: lessons from the history ofJohns Hopkins University, Industry and Innovation, 10, 5-24.- Fritsch M., Slavtchev V. (2007): Universities and Innovation in Space, Industry and Innovation, 14, 201-218.- Fritsch M., Slavtchev V. (2008): Determinants of the efficiency of regional innovation systems, Regional Studies, forthcoming.- Jaffe A. B. (1989): Real Effects of Academic Research, American Economic Review, 79, 957-970- Mansfield E. (1991): Academic research and industrial innovation, Research Policy, 20, 1-12.- Mansfield E. (1998): Academic research and industrial innovation: An update of empirical findings, Research Policy, 26, 773-776.- Nelson R. R. (1986): R&D, Innovation, and public policy: Institutions supporting technical advance in industry, AEA Papersand Proceedings, 76, 186-189.- Schartinger D., Schibany A., Gassler H. (2001): Interactive Relations Between Universities and Firms: Empirical Evidencefor Austria, Journal of Technology Transfer, 26, 255-268.- Thursby J. G., Thursby M. C. (2003): Industry/University Licensing: Characteristics, Concerns and Issues from the Perspectiveof the Buyer, Journal of Technology Transfer, 28, 207-213.- Veugelers R., Cassiman B. (2005): R&D cooperation between firms and universities. Some empirical evidence from Belgianmanufacturing, International Journal of Industrial Organization, 23, 355-379.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010317