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O-100University’s Portfolio of Industrial Connections: Building regional economicdevelopment through university centered regional innovation systems; aCase study of JapanFrancis Otieno, Ritsumeikan University, JapanThis paper looks at the traditional relationship of university-industry-government relationships through the lens of regionalinnovation systems, analyzing the factors that contribute to the formation and sustainability of a university based regionalinnovation system. I begin with a narrative on the evolution of the university-industry-relationships with a bias on how it has takenshape in Japan vis-à-vis the emphasis that is being placed on regions as areas of economic development. It has becomeapparent that the mere imitation of existing university-industry-government models to spur economic development does nottranslate into smooth transition of research into innovative products as depicted by areas such as silicon valley (Saxenian) Thispaper argues that the social innovative capital focusing on trust-ability and qualitative communication among the key players ina the regional university-industry-government relationship are major contributing factor to the development and effectiveness ofthe regional innovation system. Trust-ability is the bond that lowers transaction costs among the key players and qualitativecommunication is the high level of interaction among the same key players. Effectiveness is defined as the ability of theuniversity centered region to continuously churn out innovative commercial products.Unlike the united states that has a long tradition of university-industry-government relationships that was reinforced by theBahy-Dole Act with the aim of enhancing industrial and technological strength, Japan after the Meiji restoration, and predominantlyafter World War 2, Japan embarked on efforts to enable it becomes an economic superpower. Japan’s deep-seated preoccupationwith its economic security led it to craft strategic policies that stimulated both industry and a local market which led toeconomic prosperity that took away attention of the Japanese from the ongoing revolution of academia-industry relationshiptaking shape in the western world. Japan’s explicit focus on technology policy, promoted specific sectors and industries aimedat increasing its industry’s international competitiveness. The ministry of Technology and Industry designed a wide range oftechnology policy in which some of the core sectors such as automobiles, electronics and telecommunications have beenawarded substantial subsidies for R & D under the infant-industry schema (MITI). It was not until the bubble burst that Japanbegan to realize the importance of integrating academia in the industrial process and stated formalizing institutions for academia-industryrelationships.However, with the adoption of the Bayh-Dole Act in 1998 and the transformation of Japanese Universities into fully fledgedcorporations in 2004, Japan has made considerable progress in shifting ownership of patents from industry to university.Previously industry and government benefited from “free ownership” of technology inventions derived from joint research withUniversity research Institutes and government, this is because prior to the new law, universities. had no independent administrativeor financial status, they were considered branches of the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology(MEXT) and therefore their labs were Japanese government labs.With the new legislation in place, various state and private universities developed portfolios that could enable them translatetheir research into innovative products. Ektowitz and Leyderdorff (1996) say that the interaction between government, knowledgebasedinstitutions and industry proves to be useful tool for both the creation and dissemination of tacit and codified knowledgethat is a requisite for innovation. Based on this precept, university-industry-government models were set in the belief that theycould spur regional economic development, however this has had mixed results and led to the following research question.Why do certain regions that have a university-industry-government relationship not perform as well in terms of producinginnovation as their counterparts despite having similar portfolio in terms of physical set up? This paper looks at universitycentered regional innovation systems in three tiers, based on the size of the university and amount of government fundingreceived directed towards research. Preliminary studies show for example that Kyushu Technical university receives a similaramount of grants as Nagoya Technical university with the latter producing 13 spinoff companies compared to the former whichproduces 45 spinoff companies a year with a companies in the former regions staying in business for over three years. Thispaper argues that the innovation is a product of not only key physical factors and institutions but also social aspect thatresearcher have not paid much attention too. Since social aspect is a broad term, this paper focuses on trust-ability andqualitative communication as a yard stick to measure the relationship inherent within the university based university-industrygovernmentrelationship. By clarifying the social capital aspect as a major contributor to innovation, universities will be able tocome up with a clearer portfolio for developing innovation systems and increase the effectiveness of the university-industrygovernmentrelationship. This is an ongoing research with the results to be presented at the conference in October.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010248
Reference- Etzkowitz Henry, MIT and the Rise of Entrepreneurial Science, Routledge, 2002.- Passman Pamela, Brady Betsy, Guidera Bill, Technology Innovation and Development: Using the Bayh-Dole Act to AdvanceDevelopment Goals, Journal of AUTM, Vol. XVII Number 1 2005.- Pratt Simon M, Rapid Patenting Growth by Academic Institutes in the People’s Republic Of China, Thomson Scientific June2005.- Watanabe Chihiro, Irawan Santoso, Widayanti Tjahya, The inducing Power of Japanese Technological Innovation, PinterPublishers London, 1991.- Okimoto Daniel I, Between MITI and the Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology, Stanford University Press1989.- Eric Harwit, High-tech Incubators: Fuel for China’s New Entrepreneurship, China Business Review, Volume 29, Number 4,July-August 2002.- Kroll Henning, Liefner Ingo, Spin-off enterprise as a means of technology commercialization in a transforming economy –Evidence from three universities in China, Technovation 28, 2008 (298-313)Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010249
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O-050IMPLICATION OF FIRMS’ LINKAG
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P-042Building Regional Competitive
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O-082Challenges for governmental ro
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Research on intelligent products wi
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Selected References- Bercovitz, J.,
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References- CABRAL, R., DAHAB, S. (
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References- Acker, Joan (1992). Gen
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O-070The Role of the University and
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O-120Absorptive capacity and the de
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O-103Determinants of scientific int
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W-11TRIPLE HELIX in R&D&I - Researc
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P-047Gendered structures in academi
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O-098The role of Tunisian universit
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ST-10Alliance Capability in Tunisia
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O-139Individual-level antecedents o
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P-008THE STATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INN
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P-009INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - AN IMP
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O-106The multiple historical hermen
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O-113Triple Helix System: The Heart
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Implications of the FindingsBased o
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Results and ImplicationsAn enhanced
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Findings, Implications and Contribu
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References- Archibugi, D., B-A. Lun
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We construct a set of dependent var
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ResultsThe results show that (i) th
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FindingsThe foresight proceedings a
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O-079Universities and Economic Deve
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O-001TRIPLE HELIX MODEL TO CREATE G
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O-033PROMOTION OF THE ENTREPRENEURI
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O-086Innovation Challenges and Oppo
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O-085BEWARE OF THE RED QUEENTariq D
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P-017University cluster: Russian ex
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O-053The Triple Helix of Knowledge:
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O-131Forms and barriers in inter-fi
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O-011CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES T
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References (some main references)-
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The entrepreneurial university mode
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Keywords: Local Innovation Systems
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O-056THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX ORGAN
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O-095Sustainable Triple Helix exper
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O-009Interaction Between the Univer
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2002.Disponível em: http://www.cas
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Both companies operate within the o
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Reference- Abe, S. (1998) “Region
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1) The strong engagement and the su
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3 Researching focusTo demonstrate t
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FindingsThe general-model shows tha
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CHESBROUGH, H.; VANHAVERBEKE, W.; W
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This paper employs a multiple case
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O-081Entrepreneurial Intentions & M
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2.2. Reasons behind Scientific Mobi
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Surveys and empirical findings of p
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N3 I am working on to create a larg
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P-005Management of Intellectual Pro
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O-005Innovation systems in Norwegia
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322.00Amita SahayaJennie Granat Tho
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W-23When Triple Helix UnravelsDenis
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P-041Climate for Innovation: a stud
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P-056"Hands on for a sustainable ch
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MethodologyWe try to identify the t
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O-057Unraveling a large-scale innov
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P-011Inside the Pandora box of the
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O-042Interaction between Universiti
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Contribution and implicationsOur re
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Recombination of three sub-dynamics
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REFERENCES- Audretsch, D. B., B. Bo
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Our analysis shows that the suppose
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7. ReferencesChudnovsky, D., Lopez,
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FindingsOwnership trends reveal thr
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O-141Strategic openness for success
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ReferencesChaminade, C. and Edquist
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Main References:1. Etzkowitz H., Th
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• Findings,In the analysis of the
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O-026Collaborative Innovation in Tr
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Impact and ContributionThis pilot s
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ReferencesAsheim, B., Benneworth, P
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They must work on each of the next
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P-015A discussion on the Triple Hel
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O-125Technology Transfer from Unive
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References:Daghfous, A., Michael, H
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Norwegian processing industry speci
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ReferencesCooke, P. and Morgan, K.
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Facilitating linkagesLester (2003)
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arely oriented explicitly to a part
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Consulting/servicingFaculty consult
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O-047Do foreign authors strengthen
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O-007Technological collaboration an
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O-094Academic entrepreneurship in d
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Page 205 and 206: P-002Doing gender in Sweden’s inn
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Page 213 and 214: ST-07The Architecture of Innovation
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Page 235 and 236: O-134The determinants of entreprene
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Page 243 and 244: References- Coase, R. (1988). The F
Page 245 and 246: References- BAIN, J. S. Industrial
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P-036Research and Innovation privat
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P-026AGROPOLIS DEL NORTE : a local
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- Etzkowitz, H, 2004, The evolution
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attitude and a scientific approach.
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models for conduct his/hers process
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terms of the addition of a fourth s
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Desarrollo and Global Entrepreneurs
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- Ehikhamenor, F.A., (2003). Intern
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References:- Roberts E. B. and Eesl
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some evidence that there might be p
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universities in the "knowledge soci
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Feldman (2006), and are not conside
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W-19Fostering Team Science:Innovati
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O-025The dynamic evolution of knowl
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O-055The evolvement of triple helix
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W-41Resource Mobilization and Busin
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faculties of Engineering, Science a
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O-002Patterns of the Innovation Eco
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Bibliographic references- ETZKOWITZ
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References- Bercovitz, J, and Feldm
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References- Boden, Mark e Miles, Ia
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References- Gibbons M., Limoge C.,
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References- Brimble, P. & Doner, R.
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O-101HOW MUCH THE ROLE OF THE OTHER
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O-090PUBLIC PROGRAMME CONTEXTS AND
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O-075The effectiveness of universit
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O-076Technology Transfer in a Publi
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O-052Between Myth and Reality: Deve
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O-017Characterising Triple Helix li
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P-004STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNA
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O-140Analysing entrepreneurial arch
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O-104The co-evolvement of local dev
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P-031Context Factors Moderating the
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P-019Conception of the Development
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O-088Key Ingredients of Innovation:
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Methodology and research designData
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References:- Chesbrough, H. (2003).
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At present, government policy in Th
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O-092Increase in Effectiveness of T
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O-115Analysis of the conception, mo
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O-036A PROPOSAL TO INTEGRATE THE UN
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O-039NC State’s Centennial Campus
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O-068The Impacts of Seed Grants as
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O-123 Technology Transfer Process i
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