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P-014De-constructing State-supported Research in Brazil: The Evolution ofDecentralized Innovation PolicyAntonio Botelho, PUC-Rio, BrazilMariza Almeida, Unisuam, BrazilIn the course of the last decade Brazil research productivity accelerated, driven by rising research expenditures. As early as thelate nineties, the scale and scope of state-supported research increased, federalist demands to correct regional disparitiesreached the fore of the science policy agenda. In order to politically sustain the budgetary momentum, the Brazilian state beganto decentralize its research policy towards its 26 federative units. These have widely different levels of social and economicdevelopment, research infrastructure and human resources and institutional capacity and arrangement.A singular characteristic of Brazil’s innovation system is that the university is the locus of innovation, particularly in hightechnologyareas, rather than the firm as in OECD countries (Póvoa, 2008). Although universities and public research institutesrepresented about 1.6% of patents deposits in Brazil by residents, they accounted for 56.3% of deposits in the area ofbiotechnology and 45% in organic chemistry. Póvoa (2008) and Rapini et al. (2006) suggest that because of the weak involvementof firms in R&D activities in immature national system of innovation, universities relationship with firms has a dual role, either asa complement or as a substitute, in part due to the industrial structure and competitive dynamics of the Brazilian economy, withstrong variations across sectors, and in part due to the concentration of researchers in universities.In fact, in the next moment with the rapid expansion of innovation financing from the passing the 2005 Innovation Law and therenewed claims by the Brazilian federation units to the local nature of innovation, the de-construction of the Brazilian statesupportedresearch deepened. The Technological Innovation Law No. 10.973/2004 was an important watershed as it establishedinnovation incentive measures and situated scientific and technological research within a productive environment, seeking tocreate technological autonomy and industrial development in Brazil. This law aimed at encouraging strategic partnershipsbetween universities, technological institutes and companies; stimulating the participation of science and technology institutesin the innovation process; and creating incentives for innovation within companies.The paper maps and assesses the evolution of a decentralized innovation policy in Brazil, its key mechanisms and mainprograms, and concludes by discussing its consequences upon the deconstruction of state-supported research.It tracks and analyzes in detail the trajectory and regional institutional impact of two main decentralized policies for universityindustrycooperation (PAPPE) and MSME business innovation financing (PAPPE Subvenção). Next, it explores research andinnovation State and regional policy learning and the transformation of their structure and governance. It concludes that the rapidrise of innovation policy and the structural and process demands it has imposed upon the Brazilian state have radically alteredthe form and the function of state-supported research in the country.References:Centro de Gestão em Estudos Estratégicos. 2008. “Descentralização do Fomento Federal: Estudos de Caso de ProgramasFinanciados com Recursos dos Fundos Setoriais de CT&I: PAPPE & PPP”. Brasília.Centro de Gestão em Estudos Estratégicos. 2009. “Descentralização e Parcerias em Políticas e Programas de CT&I ProgramasPAPPE e PAPPE Subvenção – Condições institucionais e características de distribuição (regional, estadual e intraestadual)”.Charles F. Sabel (1995), “Learning by Monitoring: The Institutions of Economic Development” em N. Smelser and R. Swedberg,eds., Handbook of Economic Sociology. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press: 137-165.Charles F. Sabel (1996) “A measure of federalism: assessing manufacturing technology centers”. Research Policy, 25 (2): 281-307.Fiesp (2007), Sondagem Necessidades de Inovação na Indústria Paulista 2007. São Paulo, SP: FIESP.Póvoa, L M C (2008) A crescente importância das universidades e institutos públicos de pesquisa no processo de catching-uptecnológico. R. Econ. contemp., Rio de Janeiro, 12( 2), 273-300.Rapini, M.; Albuquerque, E. M.; Silva, L.; Souza, S.; Righi, H.; Cruz, W. (2006) Spots of interaction: an investigation on therelationship between firms and universities in Minas Gerais. Belo Horizonte: UFMG/Cedeplar. (Texto para Discussão n. 286).Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 201038
O-098The role of Tunisian universities in regional developmentAmira Bouhamed, Najeh Bouraoui, Jamil Chaabouni, Faculty of Economics and Management of Sfax, TunisiaUniversities have long been recognised as providers of basic scientific knowledge for industrial innovation through their researchand related activities. The emergence of the national systems of innovation approach (Freeman, 1991) shifted this conceptualisationof universities’ role in economic production, bringing universities ‘inside the tent’ (Gunasekara, 2006). The university has beenconsidered as a key contributor to wealth generation and economic development (Dooley and Kirk, 2007).In Tunisia, developing education and training, higher education and scientific research is considered as vital building blocks ofthe knowledge-based society. The Tunisian higher education faces more and more the challenge of interacting positively witheconomic, social and technological transformations (Eleventh Tunisian Development Plan 2007-2011).This paper aims to explore the main mechanisms implemented by Tunisian University in order to contribute to the social -economic development and their characteristics (mimetic or innovative)?Two bodies of literature are being mobilized: A triple helix model emphasizes the university’s role in knowledge-based economiesand the rise of the entrepreneurial university which has three missions: teaching, research, and service for the economy throughits entrepreneurship activities (Etzkowitz, 2003). This approach asserts that universities generate economic development mainlythrough knowledge capitalisation and other boundary spanning mechanisms like business incubation, spin-off formation, scientificparks, technology transfer, advanced training programs to support firm formation and cross-institutional mobility by organisationsand people, university-industry cooperation, etc (Gunasekara, 2006).The literature on the engaged university (Chatterton and Goddard, 2000) also focuses on the third role of universities in regionaldevelopment, but it differs from the triple helix model in its emphasis on, adaptive responses by universities, which embed astronger regional focus in their teaching and research missions. This approach does not eschew the development of hybrid,boundary-spanning mechanisms for external engagement; rather, it takes a broader, developmental focus that includes a rangeof mechanisms by which universities engage with their regions. These mechanisms include stronger regional focus on studentrecruitment and graduate retention, research and education programs developed adapted to meet regional skills needs, shapingregional networking and institutional capacity, entrepreneurial activities, as well as regionally focused teaching and research,etc (Gunasekara, 2006).Our empirical study is based upon a qualitative approach related to Sfax University (SU). Qualitative research is of specificrelevance to the study of social relations (Flick, 2009). The data have been collected between 2007 and 2010, using participantobservation (attend a meetings, a conferences and a formation circles, teach entrepreneurial culture unit, etc.), universities’institutional web-sites and documentation methods. The data are analyzed by using coding and categorizing method.This choice is justified by the features of Sfax as an economic, higher education and research pole in Tunisia. In other hand, SUis designed by the Tunisian ministry of higher education since 2004 as a “pilot site for application of management per objectives”.Its strategic vision is characterized by a partnership with the social and economic environment and the promotion of theentrepreneurial culture (Maalej and Damak Chaabouni, 2007).The findings results show that some knowledge capitalization and hybrid, boundary-spanning mechanisms are implemented byTunisian government in order to improve SU capacity in social-economic development: encouraging the mobility of researchersbetween research centres and production firms, setting-up of Sfax technopark in order to provide the appropriate environment forthe transfer and diffusion of the technological know-how, setting-up of incubators and business incubators as a receivingplatform for providing the counselling, support and initial accommodation to young researchers, LMD reforms, etc...In addition, specific mechanisms related to the opportunities and threats of the region are created by SU. These mechanismsengage SU with the regional needs and development. In 2006, SU has created a university center of insertion and spin-offformation (CUIES) in order to improve the entrepreneurial dynamic of the region. The actions of CUIES are based on threepillars: before university, in university and after university. These actions are based on formation, networking, flexibility,decentralisation, involvement of different stockholders from the region, data bases (statistics, diagnostic, prospective studies,communication, etc.) and regional focus on student recruitment.The contribution of this empirical research is to show that some mechanisms implemented by SU are innovative taking intoaccount the features of the region. The roles performed by SU are path-dependant. The evaluation about outcomes has influencednot only the future strategic orientation and actions of SU but also the political actions. This empirical result confirms the triplehelix thesis related to the interdependence between the institutional spheres (government and university).The relevance of this paper is to explore the main mechanisms implemented by SU in order to contribute to the social-economicdevelopment. Two types of mechanisms are identified: knowledge capitalisation and other boundary spanning mechanisms andmechanisms by which universities engage with their region. Although SU is influenced by international experiences and hasimplemented some mimetic mechanisms, it has adopted other innovative mechanisms related to their national and regionalcontext.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 201039
Page 4 and 5: O-050IMPLICATION OF FIRMS’ LINKAG
Page 6 and 7: P-042Building Regional Competitive
Page 8 and 9: O-082Challenges for governmental ro
Page 10 and 11: W-07FAPERJ’S CHANGING ROLE IN SUP
Page 12 and 13: Research on intelligent products wi
Page 14 and 15: Selected References- Bercovitz, J.,
Page 16 and 17: References- CABRAL, R., DAHAB, S. (
Page 18: References- Acker, Joan (1992). Gen
Page 21 and 22: O-070The Role of the University and
Page 23 and 24: O-120Absorptive capacity and the de
Page 25 and 26: O-103Determinants of scientific int
Page 27 and 28: W-11TRIPLE HELIX in R&D&I - Researc
Page 29 and 30: Contributions and implicationsThe p
Page 31 and 32: O-130The Triple Helix balancing act
Page 33 and 34: O-059Research, facilitate, evaluate
Page 35 and 36: P-047Gendered structures in academi
Page 37: Strategic implicationsGiven the foc
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Page 43 and 44: O-139Individual-level antecedents o
Page 45 and 46: P-008THE STATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INN
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Page 49 and 50: P-009INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - AN IMP
Page 51 and 52: O-106The multiple historical hermen
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Page 55 and 56: Implications of the FindingsBased o
Page 57 and 58: Results and ImplicationsAn enhanced
Page 59 and 60: Findings, Implications and Contribu
Page 61 and 62: References- Archibugi, D., B-A. Lun
Page 63 and 64: We construct a set of dependent var
Page 65 and 66: ResultsThe results show that (i) th
Page 67 and 68: FindingsThe foresight proceedings a
Page 69 and 70: O-079Universities and Economic Deve
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Page 73 and 74: O-033PROMOTION OF THE ENTREPRENEURI
Page 75 and 76: O-086Innovation Challenges and Oppo
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Page 79 and 80: P-017University cluster: Russian ex
Page 81 and 82: O-053The Triple Helix of Knowledge:
Page 83 and 84: O-131Forms and barriers in inter-fi
Page 85 and 86: O-011CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES T
Page 87 and 88: References (some main references)-
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The entrepreneurial university mode
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Keywords: Local Innovation Systems
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O-056THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX ORGAN
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O-095Sustainable Triple Helix exper
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O-009Interaction Between the Univer
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2002.Disponível em: http://www.cas
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Both companies operate within the o
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Reference- Abe, S. (1998) “Region
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1) The strong engagement and the su
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3 Researching focusTo demonstrate t
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FindingsThe general-model shows tha
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CHESBROUGH, H.; VANHAVERBEKE, W.; W
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This paper employs a multiple case
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O-081Entrepreneurial Intentions & M
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2.2. Reasons behind Scientific Mobi
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Surveys and empirical findings of p
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** 1.000 .053 .230 -.093 .355** .05
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N3 I am working on to create a larg
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P-005Management of Intellectual Pro
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O-005Innovation systems in Norwegia
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322.00Amita SahayaJennie Granat Tho
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W-23When Triple Helix UnravelsDenis
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P-041Climate for Innovation: a stud
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P-056"Hands on for a sustainable ch
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MethodologyWe try to identify the t
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O-057Unraveling a large-scale innov
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P-011Inside the Pandora box of the
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O-042Interaction between Universiti
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P-048Government and public policy i
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Contribution and implicationsOur re
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Recombination of three sub-dynamics
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REFERENCES- Audretsch, D. B., B. Bo
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Our analysis shows that the suppose
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7. ReferencesChudnovsky, D., Lopez,
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FindingsOwnership trends reveal thr
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O-141Strategic openness for success
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ReferencesChaminade, C. and Edquist
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Main References:1. Etzkowitz H., Th
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• Findings,In the analysis of the
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O-026Collaborative Innovation in Tr
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Impact and ContributionThis pilot s
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ReferencesAsheim, B., Benneworth, P
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They must work on each of the next
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P-015A discussion on the Triple Hel
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O-125Technology Transfer from Unive
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References:Daghfous, A., Michael, H
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Norwegian processing industry speci
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ReferencesCooke, P. and Morgan, K.
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Facilitating linkagesLester (2003)
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arely oriented explicitly to a part
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Consulting/servicingFaculty consult
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O-047Do foreign authors strengthen
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O-007Technological collaboration an
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O-094Academic entrepreneurship in d
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P-021Complementary or substitution
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O-097Software clusters in Brazil: a
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ST-14Evaluation and dissemination o
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References:- Amin, A. and Roberts,
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P-002Doing gender in Sweden’s inn
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O-054Triple Helix Relations as Cons
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P-006Why are WE not more Attractive
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W-06University-industry-government
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ST-07The Architecture of Innovation
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O-105The role of higher education i
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Contributions and ImplicationBy app
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References:- Colciencias 2008. Colo
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CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPLICATIONSWe be
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- experts that were involved in the
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O-116The Triple Helix of a Regional
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- University-Industry- Government I
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- ETZKOWITZ, H.; LEYDESDORFF, L. Un
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REFERENCES- Borrell-Damian, L (2009
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Contributions and implicationsThe u
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O-134The determinants of entreprene
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O-091Caring for the business platfo
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P-054"I do not know if this is a go
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O-111JUMPSTARTING THE TRIPLE HELIX
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References- Coase, R. (1988). The F
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References- BAIN, J. S. Industrial
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References- Clark, A. (2004). Evalu
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Reference- Etzkowitz Henry, MIT and
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W-05Is industry-university interact
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O-021Motivation, obstacles and stra
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P-043Webometrics analysis of public
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O-093STI-DUI Innovation Profiles an
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O-118Technological Parks in Mexico:
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References:- Berman, E. P. (2008) W
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REFERENCES- BALLON, P.; PIERSON, J.
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- with foreign actors concerning di
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incubation houses operating in deve
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P-045Roles of the 3rd Strand of the
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P-007NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN ST
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O-045Empowering a State's Developme
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O-107Academic Research Groups and T
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ST-06University Patenting and Licen
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W-28Total Control? The gendering of
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O-015Stages of Development of Enter
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W-21To Join or Not to Join: Individ
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P-055Academic entrepreneurship in t
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References:- Admade, M.T. and Romer
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'Technologies for the marketing of
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References- Audretsche, D.B. (1998)
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P-013Determinants of university-ind
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O-051“COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AMON
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O-041Towards a Knowledge Society:Ex
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P-036Research and Innovation privat
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P-026AGROPOLIS DEL NORTE : a local
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- Etzkowitz, H, 2004, The evolution
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attitude and a scientific approach.
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models for conduct his/hers process
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terms of the addition of a fourth s
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Desarrollo and Global Entrepreneurs
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- Ehikhamenor, F.A., (2003). Intern
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References:- Roberts E. B. and Eesl
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some evidence that there might be p
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universities in the "knowledge soci
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Feldman (2006), and are not conside
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W-19Fostering Team Science:Innovati
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O-025The dynamic evolution of knowl
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O-055The evolvement of triple helix
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W-41Resource Mobilization and Busin
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faculties of Engineering, Science a
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O-002Patterns of the Innovation Eco
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Bibliographic references- ETZKOWITZ
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References- Bercovitz, J, and Feldm
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References- Boden, Mark e Miles, Ia
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References- Gibbons M., Limoge C.,
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References- Brimble, P. & Doner, R.
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O-101HOW MUCH THE ROLE OF THE OTHER
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O-090PUBLIC PROGRAMME CONTEXTS AND
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O-075The effectiveness of universit
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O-076Technology Transfer in a Publi
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O-052Between Myth and Reality: Deve
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O-017Characterising Triple Helix li
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P-004STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNA
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O-140Analysing entrepreneurial arch
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O-104The co-evolvement of local dev
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P-031Context Factors Moderating the
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P-019Conception of the Development
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O-088Key Ingredients of Innovation:
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Methodology and research designData
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References:- Chesbrough, H. (2003).
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At present, government policy in Th
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O-092Increase in Effectiveness of T
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O-115Analysis of the conception, mo
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O-036A PROPOSAL TO INTEGRATE THE UN
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O-039NC State’s Centennial Campus
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O-068The Impacts of Seed Grants as
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O-123 Technology Transfer Process i
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ST-15 The Critical Constructivism o
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