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O-072The changing role of universities in the German research system:engagement in net-works, clusters and beyondKnut Koschatzky, Thomas Stahlecker, Fraunhofer Institute For Systems and Innovation Research, Karlsruhe, GermanyIntroduction and objectiveIn Germany, but in other countries as well, a trend towards a regionalization in technology and innovation policy is clearlyevident. This triggers the expectation towards universities to estab-lish regional ties and networks and to exploit the advantagesof spatial proximity to other re-search institutes, to industry and to policy and regional administration. The hypothesis is putforward that the evolution in the collaboration patterns of universities contributes to an increas-ing flexibility in the researchsystem. It is the objective of this paper to analyze the changing role of universities as driving force in the development of newmodes and models of collaboration both with industry and with other research organisations. Starting from the triple-helix andthe entrepreneurial university approach (Etzkowitz et al., 2008) and the different ingredients sup-plied by network and clustertheory, future prospects in the appearance of new forms of bound-ary spanning roles of universities (Youtie and Shapira, 2008)in distributed research and innova-tion processes will be discussed, using Germany as a case study.Focus of the paperThe German research system is well developed and consists of a manifold of different organiza-tions for both basic and appliedresearch and industrial development. Technology transfer at universities started as early as the 1970s with the operation of thefirst transfer offices, still fol-lowing the linear innovation paradigm (Krücken and Meier, 2005). With advances in innovationeconomics research during the 1970s and 1980s, the understanding about the complexity and interactivity of innovation processeschanged drastically. Especially with the increasing popular-ity of the system of innovation approach, regional innovation networkingwithin and between the industrial and the research sector gained more and more importance during the 1990s. The 'networkparadigm', as Cooke and Morgan (1993) put it, became the starting point for policy measures by which the effectiveness and theefficiency of distributed innovation activities should be promoted.In 1995, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research initiated the BioRegio contest which aimed at the strengtheningof biotechnological research and increased international com-petitiveness in this field by supporting firms, universities and otherresearch institutes collaborat-ing in close spatial proximity (Dohse, 2000). Together with an amendment of the German highereducation framework law by which knowledge and technology transfer was introduced as third main objective of universities(besides research and teaching), other national programmes started in 1997 which explicitly promoted the role of universities inregional networks (e.g. the EXIST firm formation from universities programme). During the first decade of the new millen-nium,the freedom of universities was further strengthened by:" the introduction of self-governance instruments and thus the increasing independence of universities from formerly strongpublic governance (Liefner, 2001)" the abolition of the professor's principle in patenting of university inventions and the creation of university patenting andlicensing offices" the Bologna process which put strong pressure on the universities to reform their curricula" the excellence initiative of the national government for the selection of 'elite universities'" the formulation of the high-tech strategy as the comprehensive German technology and in-novation policy platform, addressingthe universities as strategic research partner for enter-prises.Besides these aspects, the regional level as platform for policy implementation was further strengthened by the diffusion of thecluster concept. These developments contributed to an increasing pressure on universities to diversity their tasks andengagements. It is expected to-day that universities are excellent in research and provide all necessary resources for goodteaching, both on a national and international competitive level, that they have a high patent output and sufficient licensingreturns, that they provide incubation facilities for spin-off activi-ties, and that they act as knowledge hub in their respectiveregional innovation system.Methodology and findingsDrawing on recent examples from Germany in the form of case studies, the paper will analyze how German universities dealwith these challenges and which forms of regional integration and collaboration patterns can be observed. It can be stated thatthe formerly clear-cut boundaries between the different research organizations become more flexible, e.g. in the way that firstmergers between classical universities and classical national research centers occurred (the new Karlsruhe Institute of Technologyas merger between the Technical University Karlsruhe and the National Research Center Karlsruhe), and that new actorconstellations like new mod-els of science-industry research collaboration with a strong participation of universities emerged(Koschatzky and Stahlecker, 2010). It will be argued that the new role and self-conception of the universities open up newchances for a further development of collaboration models in the German research system. This can be in the way of anincreased outsourcing of strategic ori-ented research activities into industry on campus models, both from large firms and fromSMEs, but also in the way of strategic education and research alliances between universities and ap-plied research organizationslike the Fraunhofer Society.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010182
ReferencesCooke, P. and Morgan, K. (1993): The Network Paradigm. New Departures in Corporate and Regional Development, Societyand Space, 11, 543-564.Dohse, D. (2000): Technology policy and the regions - the case of the BioRegio contest, Re-search Policy, 29, 1111-1133.Etzkowitz, H., Ranga, M., Benner, M., Guaranys, L., Maculan, A.M. and Kneller, R. (2008): Pathways to the entrepreneurialuniversity: towards a global convergence, Science and Public Policy, 35, 681-695.Koschatzky, K.; Stahlecker, T. (2010): New forms of strategic research collaboration between firms and universities in theGerman research system, International Journal of Technol-ogy Transfer and Commercialization, 9, 94-110.Krücken, G. and Meier, F. (2005): Der gesellschaftliche Innovationsdiskurs und die Rolle von Universitäten. Eine Analysegegenwärtiger Mythen, Die Hochschule, No. 1, 157-170.Liefner, I. (2001): Leistungsorientierte Ressourcensteuerung in Hochschulsystemen - Ein internationaler Vergleich. Berlin:Duncker & Humblot.Youtie, J. and Shapira, P. (2008): Building an innovation hub: A case study of the transforma-tion of university roles in regionaltechnological and economic development, Research Policy, 37, 1188-1204.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010183
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O-050IMPLICATION OF FIRMS’ LINKAG
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P-042Building Regional Competitive
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O-082Challenges for governmental ro
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W-07FAPERJ’S CHANGING ROLE IN SUP
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Research on intelligent products wi
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Selected References- Bercovitz, J.,
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References- CABRAL, R., DAHAB, S. (
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References- Acker, Joan (1992). Gen
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O-070The Role of the University and
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O-120Absorptive capacity and the de
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O-103Determinants of scientific int
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W-11TRIPLE HELIX in R&D&I - Researc
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Contributions and implicationsThe p
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O-130The Triple Helix balancing act
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O-059Research, facilitate, evaluate
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P-047Gendered structures in academi
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Strategic implicationsGiven the foc
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O-098The role of Tunisian universit
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ST-10Alliance Capability in Tunisia
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O-139Individual-level antecedents o
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P-008THE STATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INN
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ST-04LINKAGES BETWEEN THE DEVELOPME
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P-009INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - AN IMP
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O-106The multiple historical hermen
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O-113Triple Helix System: The Heart
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Implications of the FindingsBased o
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Results and ImplicationsAn enhanced
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Findings, Implications and Contribu
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References- Archibugi, D., B-A. Lun
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We construct a set of dependent var
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ResultsThe results show that (i) th
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FindingsThe foresight proceedings a
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O-079Universities and Economic Deve
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O-001TRIPLE HELIX MODEL TO CREATE G
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O-033PROMOTION OF THE ENTREPRENEURI
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O-086Innovation Challenges and Oppo
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O-085BEWARE OF THE RED QUEENTariq D
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P-017University cluster: Russian ex
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O-053The Triple Helix of Knowledge:
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O-131Forms and barriers in inter-fi
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O-011CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES T
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References (some main references)-
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The entrepreneurial university mode
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Keywords: Local Innovation Systems
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O-056THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX ORGAN
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O-095Sustainable Triple Helix exper
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O-009Interaction Between the Univer
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2002.Disponível em: http://www.cas
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Both companies operate within the o
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Reference- Abe, S. (1998) “Region
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1) The strong engagement and the su
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3 Researching focusTo demonstrate t
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FindingsThe general-model shows tha
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CHESBROUGH, H.; VANHAVERBEKE, W.; W
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This paper employs a multiple case
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O-081Entrepreneurial Intentions & M
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2.2. Reasons behind Scientific Mobi
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Surveys and empirical findings of p
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** 1.000 .053 .230 -.093 .355** .05
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N3 I am working on to create a larg
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P-005Management of Intellectual Pro
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O-005Innovation systems in Norwegia
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322.00Amita SahayaJennie Granat Tho
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Page 157 and 158: FindingsOwnership trends reveal thr
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Page 161 and 162: ReferencesChaminade, C. and Edquist
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Page 169 and 170: Impact and ContributionThis pilot s
Page 171 and 172: ReferencesAsheim, B., Benneworth, P
Page 173 and 174: They must work on each of the next
Page 175 and 176: P-015A discussion on the Triple Hel
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Page 185 and 186: Facilitating linkagesLester (2003)
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Page 213 and 214: ST-07The Architecture of Innovation
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Page 221 and 222: CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPLICATIONSWe be
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Page 225 and 226: O-116The Triple Helix of a Regional
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Contributions and implicationsThe u
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O-134The determinants of entreprene
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O-091Caring for the business platfo
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P-054"I do not know if this is a go
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O-111JUMPSTARTING THE TRIPLE HELIX
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References- Coase, R. (1988). The F
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References- BAIN, J. S. Industrial
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References- Clark, A. (2004). Evalu
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Reference- Etzkowitz Henry, MIT and
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W-05Is industry-university interact
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O-021Motivation, obstacles and stra
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P-043Webometrics analysis of public
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O-093STI-DUI Innovation Profiles an
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O-118Technological Parks in Mexico:
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References:- Berman, E. P. (2008) W
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REFERENCES- BALLON, P.; PIERSON, J.
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- with foreign actors concerning di
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incubation houses operating in deve
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P-045Roles of the 3rd Strand of the
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P-007NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS IN ST
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O-045Empowering a State's Developme
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O-107Academic Research Groups and T
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ST-06University Patenting and Licen
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W-28Total Control? The gendering of
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O-015Stages of Development of Enter
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W-21To Join or Not to Join: Individ
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P-055Academic entrepreneurship in t
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References:- Admade, M.T. and Romer
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'Technologies for the marketing of
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References- Audretsche, D.B. (1998)
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P-013Determinants of university-ind
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O-051“COMMUNICATION CHANNELS AMON
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O-041Towards a Knowledge Society:Ex
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P-036Research and Innovation privat
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P-026AGROPOLIS DEL NORTE : a local
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- Etzkowitz, H, 2004, The evolution
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attitude and a scientific approach.
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models for conduct his/hers process
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terms of the addition of a fourth s
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Desarrollo and Global Entrepreneurs
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- Ehikhamenor, F.A., (2003). Intern
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References:- Roberts E. B. and Eesl
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some evidence that there might be p
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universities in the "knowledge soci
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Feldman (2006), and are not conside
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W-19Fostering Team Science:Innovati
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O-025The dynamic evolution of knowl
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O-055The evolvement of triple helix
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W-41Resource Mobilization and Busin
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faculties of Engineering, Science a
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O-002Patterns of the Innovation Eco
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Bibliographic references- ETZKOWITZ
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References- Bercovitz, J, and Feldm
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References- Boden, Mark e Miles, Ia
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References- Gibbons M., Limoge C.,
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References- Brimble, P. & Doner, R.
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O-101HOW MUCH THE ROLE OF THE OTHER
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O-090PUBLIC PROGRAMME CONTEXTS AND
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O-075The effectiveness of universit
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O-076Technology Transfer in a Publi
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O-052Between Myth and Reality: Deve
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O-017Characterising Triple Helix li
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P-004STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNA
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O-140Analysing entrepreneurial arch
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O-104The co-evolvement of local dev
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P-031Context Factors Moderating the
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P-019Conception of the Development
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O-088Key Ingredients of Innovation:
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Methodology and research designData
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References:- Chesbrough, H. (2003).
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At present, government policy in Th
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O-092Increase in Effectiveness of T
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O-115Analysis of the conception, mo
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O-036A PROPOSAL TO INTEGRATE THE UN
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O-039NC State’s Centennial Campus
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O-068The Impacts of Seed Grants as
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O-123 Technology Transfer Process i
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ST-15 The Critical Constructivism o
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