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O-099Investigating the role of universities in the innovation systems of developingcountries - the case of Algeria, India and MalaysiaMohammed Saad, Azley Abd Razak, Bristol Business School, University Of The West Of England, UKSurja Datta, Department of Economics and International Business, Oxford Brookes University, UKThis paper is aimed at investigating the ability of universities in developing countries to play an important role in the creation andexchange of knowledge as a basis of innovation. It intends to do so by investigating the links of these universities with regionaland/or national systems of innovation and their position within the three stage evolutionary process (statist, laissez-faire,hybrid) of the triple helix system (Etzkowitz, 2003). The links that may exist between the three stage evolutionary model and thetypes of systems innovation will be highlighted and discussed in terms of proximity and impact on knowledge creation andexchange and innovation.The paper will therefore investigate the main types of proximity, their links with the systems of innovation and their impact oninnovation. A greater focus will be placed on institutional, geographical, organisational and industrial proximity. In addition to theintroduction and conclusion, this paper comprises five main sections.The first section will identify and discuss the theories underpinning this research. It will review the theory of the systems ofinnovation (national and regional) and the role of the university as a key component of these systems. This section will focus onties between innovation, networks and proximity (van Dijk & Sandee, 2002). The ability to innovate is believed to be more likelydependent on local than on distant linkages (Audretsche, 1998). The various forms of proximity are based on the assumptionthat a greater level of networking is seen as a means of facilitating learning, transfer of technology and innovation (Oerlemans etal, 2001). It can lead to the development of trust and mutual understanding which can help establish strong relationships(Doloreux & Parto, 2004).The paper will attempt to investigate and identify the type/s of proximity associated with the greater role of universities indeveloping countries in promoting the creation and transfer of knowledge as a basis for innovation and economic and socialdevelopment.The second section will be devoted to the role of universities which are increasingly pressed to change and to become powerfuldrivers of innovation. Universities, from both developed and developing countries have started assuming the mission of entrepreneursby incubating technological projects in their incubators and technology parks. They have been introducing a set of initiatives toprepare themselves for a more active role in the national (Charles, 2003) and/or regional economic and social development(Gunasekara, 2004)The third section will explain and justify the research methodology which is essentially a triangulation of quantitative andqualitative methods. This approach is deemed appropriate for comparing the study of the dynamics of relationships that existbetween universities, government and industries within the three countries (Algeria, India and Malaysia). Data about therelationships between universities, industries and governments and the role of universities will be collected through the use ofquestionnaires and interviews. Secondary data will also be reviewed to gain a better understanding of governments policies andtheir impact on these relationships and the role of universities. The research sample will include ten universities and tenbusinesses from each country.The fourth section will be devoted to the three case studies which will provide an opportunity to contrast and compare theevolutionary growth of universities in the context of the three selected developing nations. The challenges that constrain effectiveinteraction between the three spheres of university, government, and industry are rooted in the historical trajectories of thecountries. The roles of universities are undergoing significant changes. Within the three countries, there is a clear evidence ofpolicy shift from the traditional technology transfer practice to the development of a ‘triple helix culture’ in which universities arepushed to take the lead role to provide a sustainable basis for innovation and technological progress. The Malaysian governmentis actively encouraging the universities to be more entrepreneurial through programmes such as “research universities status”and “Accelerated Programme for Excellence. In the case of India, the triple helix approach has been found to be particularlyuseful in explaining the important role of universities in the emergence of the knowledge base services.The three cases to be discussed in this paper are interesting for their contrast, with the implementation of the triple helixstrategy being relatively more advanced in India and Malaysia than in Algeria. This appears to be related to the on-going issuesof a strong culture of centralisation and top-down bureaucratic culture undermining the development of partnership networks.The fifth section will attempt to identify and explain the positioning of each university within the three stage evolutionary processof the triple helix model. It will also highlight the importance of the linkages between these universities and the national and/orregional innovation systems. In conclusion, the paper will try to demonstrate if universities associated with hybrid stage aremore active within the regional systems of innovation. It will also attempt to identify and discuss the types of proximities whichare more likely to help universities play a crucial role in the development and diffusion of knowledge as a basis for innovation andeconomic and social development.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010290
References- Audretsche, D.B. (1998) ‘Agglomeration and the location of innovative activity’, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 12(2), 18-29.- Charles, D. (2003) ‘Universities and Territorial Development: Reshaping the Regional Role of UK Universities’. Local Economy,18 (1), 7-20.- Doloreux D. and Parto S. (Aug 2004) ‘Regional Innovation System: A critical synthesis’, Discussion Paper Series, UnitedNations University, INTECH, Institute for New Technologies, Maastricht: Netherlands.- Etzkowitz, H. (2003) ‘Innovation in Innovation: The Triple Helix of University-Industry-Government Relation’, Social ScienceInformation, 42(3), 293-338.- Gunasekara, C. (2004) ‘The Third Role of Australian Universities in Human Capital Formation’, Journal of Higher EducationPolicy and Management, 26 (3), 329-343.- Oerlemans, L.A.G., Meeus, M.T.H. and Boekema, F.W.M. (2001) ‘On the spatial embeddedness of innovation networks: Anexploration of the proximity effect’, Tijdshrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 92(1), 60-75.- Van Dijk, M.P. & Sandee, H. (Eds.) 2002 Innovation and small enterprises in the Third World, New Horizons in the Economicsof Innovation, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar.Madrid, October 20, 21 & 22 - 2010291
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O-050IMPLICATION OF FIRMS’ LINKAG
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P-042Building Regional Competitive
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O-082Challenges for governmental ro
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Research on intelligent products wi
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Selected References- Bercovitz, J.,
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References- CABRAL, R., DAHAB, S. (
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References- Acker, Joan (1992). Gen
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O-070The Role of the University and
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O-120Absorptive capacity and the de
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O-103Determinants of scientific int
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W-11TRIPLE HELIX in R&D&I - Researc
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Contributions and implicationsThe p
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O-130The Triple Helix balancing act
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O-059Research, facilitate, evaluate
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P-047Gendered structures in academi
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Strategic implicationsGiven the foc
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O-098The role of Tunisian universit
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ST-10Alliance Capability in Tunisia
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O-139Individual-level antecedents o
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P-008THE STATE OF TECHNOLOGICAL INN
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P-009INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY - AN IMP
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O-106The multiple historical hermen
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O-113Triple Helix System: The Heart
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Implications of the FindingsBased o
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Results and ImplicationsAn enhanced
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Findings, Implications and Contribu
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References- Archibugi, D., B-A. Lun
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We construct a set of dependent var
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ResultsThe results show that (i) th
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FindingsThe foresight proceedings a
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O-079Universities and Economic Deve
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O-001TRIPLE HELIX MODEL TO CREATE G
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O-033PROMOTION OF THE ENTREPRENEURI
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O-086Innovation Challenges and Oppo
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O-085BEWARE OF THE RED QUEENTariq D
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P-017University cluster: Russian ex
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O-053The Triple Helix of Knowledge:
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O-131Forms and barriers in inter-fi
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O-011CONTRIBUTION OF UNIVERSITIES T
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References (some main references)-
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The entrepreneurial university mode
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Keywords: Local Innovation Systems
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O-056THE ROLE OF TRIPLE HELIX ORGAN
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O-095Sustainable Triple Helix exper
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O-009Interaction Between the Univer
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2002.Disponível em: http://www.cas
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Both companies operate within the o
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Reference- Abe, S. (1998) “Region
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1) The strong engagement and the su
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3 Researching focusTo demonstrate t
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FindingsThe general-model shows tha
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CHESBROUGH, H.; VANHAVERBEKE, W.; W
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This paper employs a multiple case
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O-081Entrepreneurial Intentions & M
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2.2. Reasons behind Scientific Mobi
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Surveys and empirical findings of p
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N3 I am working on to create a larg
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P-005Management of Intellectual Pro
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O-005Innovation systems in Norwegia
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322.00Amita SahayaJennie Granat Tho
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W-23When Triple Helix UnravelsDenis
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P-041Climate for Innovation: a stud
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P-056"Hands on for a sustainable ch
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MethodologyWe try to identify the t
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O-057Unraveling a large-scale innov
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O-042Interaction between Universiti
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Contribution and implicationsOur re
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Recombination of three sub-dynamics
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REFERENCES- Audretsch, D. B., B. Bo
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Our analysis shows that the suppose
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7. ReferencesChudnovsky, D., Lopez,
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FindingsOwnership trends reveal thr
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O-141Strategic openness for success
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ReferencesChaminade, C. and Edquist
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Main References:1. Etzkowitz H., Th
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• Findings,In the analysis of the
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O-026Collaborative Innovation in Tr
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Impact and ContributionThis pilot s
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ReferencesAsheim, B., Benneworth, P
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They must work on each of the next
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P-015A discussion on the Triple Hel
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O-125Technology Transfer from Unive
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References:Daghfous, A., Michael, H
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Norwegian processing industry speci
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ReferencesCooke, P. and Morgan, K.
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Facilitating linkagesLester (2003)
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arely oriented explicitly to a part
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Consulting/servicingFaculty consult
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O-094Academic entrepreneurship in d
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P-021Complementary or substitution
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O-097Software clusters in Brazil: a
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References:- Amin, A. and Roberts,
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P-002Doing gender in Sweden’s inn
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O-054Triple Helix Relations as Cons
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W-06University-industry-government
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ST-07The Architecture of Innovation
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O-105The role of higher education i
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Contributions and ImplicationBy app
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References:- Colciencias 2008. Colo
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CONTRIBUTIONS AND IMPLICATIONSWe be
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- experts that were involved in the
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O-116The Triple Helix of a Regional
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- University-Industry- Government I
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- ETZKOWITZ, H.; LEYDESDORFF, L. Un
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REFERENCES- Borrell-Damian, L (2009
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Contributions and implicationsThe u
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O-134The determinants of entreprene
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O-091Caring for the business platfo
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References- Gibbons M., Limoge C.,
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References- Brimble, P. & Doner, R.
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O-101HOW MUCH THE ROLE OF THE OTHER
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O-090PUBLIC PROGRAMME CONTEXTS AND
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O-075The effectiveness of universit
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O-076Technology Transfer in a Publi
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O-052Between Myth and Reality: Deve
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O-017Characterising Triple Helix li
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P-004STUDY OF THE IMPACT OF EXTERNA
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O-140Analysing entrepreneurial arch
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O-104The co-evolvement of local dev
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P-031Context Factors Moderating the
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P-019Conception of the Development
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O-088Key Ingredients of Innovation:
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Methodology and research designData
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References:- Chesbrough, H. (2003).
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At present, government policy in Th
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O-092Increase in Effectiveness of T
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O-115Analysis of the conception, mo
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O-036A PROPOSAL TO INTEGRATE THE UN
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O-039NC State’s Centennial Campus
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O-068The Impacts of Seed Grants as
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O-123 Technology Transfer Process i
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ST-15 The Critical Constructivism o
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