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REVISION OF COMMON PRAYER. 335
and standing or kneeling at reception by the communicants
was treated as a matter of indifference.
In tlie end, Edward's second book was taken as the
general basis of the whole, but with certain changes.
The principal alterations were that the services were
to be said " in the accustomed place of the church,
chapel, or chancel," instead of " in
such place as the
people may best hear and a direction was given
that " at the time of the communion, and at all other
times in his ministration," the minister was to " use
such ornaments in the church as were in use by
authority of Parliament in the second year of King
Edward VI." The words used at the delivery of the
elements in the two prayer-books of Edward were
combined, " lest," says Heylin, " under the colour of
rejecting a carnal, they might be thought also to
deny such a real presence as was defended in the
writings of the antient Fathers." For a similar
reason, "the declaration on kneeling" was left out,
much to the dissatisfaction of many amongst the
reforming party. The prayer in the Litany for deliverance
" from the tyranny of the Bishop of Rome
and all his detestable enormities," was expunged,
and the form of oath in the Ordinal was altered. It
was entitled " The oath of the queen's sovereignty,"
instead of "the oath for the king's supremacy," and
is directed "against the power and authority of all
foreign potentates, " instead of " against the usurped
power and authority of the Bishop of Rome."
The Book of Common Prayer, as finally issued,
was a fusion of the two books of Edward VI., and
was authorised for use throughout the realm, by the