Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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7.3.3. Filled-spikelet percentage 237 7.3.4. Grain weight 238 7.4. Comparisons of Grain Yields Achieved by Different Levels of Technology 239 7.4.1. Yield changes associated with technological changes — the Japanese experience 239 7.4.2. Grain yield comparison among national average, experiment station’s record, and the highest yield 239 7.5. Analysis of High Yielding Cultivation Technology 241 7.5.1. Physiological requirements for high yields 242 7.5.2. Soil culture vs water culture 242 7.5.3. Agronomic management 243 7.5.4. Examples of high yielding technology 246 7.6. Factors Limiting the Present Yield Plateau 247 References 252 Subject index 268
1 .1. OUTLINE OF THE LIFE HISTORY The rice plant usually takes 3–6 months from germination to maturity, depending on the variety and the environment under which it is grown. During this period, rice completes basically two distinct sequential growth stages: vegetative and reproductive. The reproductive stage is subdivided into preheading and postheading periods. The latter is better known as the ripening period. Yield capacity, or the potential size of crop yield, is primarily determined during preheading. Ultimate yield, which is based on the amount of starch that fills spikelets, is largely determined during postheading. Hence, agronomically, it is convenient to regard the life history of rice in terms of three growth stages: vegetative, reproductive, and ripening. The vegetative stage refers to a period from germination to the initiation of panicle primordia; the reproductive stage, from panicle primordia initiation to heading; and the ripening period, from heading to maturity (Fig. 1.1). A 120-day variety, when planted in a tropical environment, spends about 60 days in the vegetative stage, 30 days in the reproductive stage, and 30 days in the ripening period. The vegetative stage is characterized by active tillering, gradual increase in plant height, and leaf emergence at regular intervals. All contribute to increasing the leaf area that receives sunlight. Tillering may start when the main culm develops the 5th or 6th leaf. Active tillering refers to a stage when tillering rate —
Page 3 and 4: FOREWORD Rice is vital to more than
Page 5 and 6: CONTENTS Foreword Preface GROWTH AN
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RICE
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66 FUNDAMENTALS OF RICE CROP SCIENC
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100 FUNDAMENTALS OF RICE CROP SCIEN
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5.1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 5.1.1. Photosyn
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 197
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Photosynthetic characteristics Meas
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A traditional tall variety vs an im
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Table 7.6. An example of high yield
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REFERENCES AGRICULTURAL POLICY STUD
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Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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