Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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204 FUNDAMENTALS OF RICE CROP SCIENCE 5.3. The relationship between LAI, photosynthetic and apparent assimilation rates, and dry matter production (diagrammatic) (Tanaka et al 1966). • Respiration does not increase linearly with LAI; it increases curvilinearly. • As a result, there is no optimum LAI for CGR. The CGR reaches maximum at a LAT of about 6 for IR8 and about 4 for Peta, beyond which it remains the same despite further increases in LAI. The LAI at which crop growth rate reaches maximum may be called the critical LAI. • The maximum CGR of erect-leaved IR8 was greater by 20 g/m 2 per week than that of droopy-leaved Peta. 5.4. Photosynthesis, crop growth rate (×0.9), and respiration of IR8 (left) and Peta (right) during 4 weeks before flowering (Cock and Yoshida 1973).
PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 205 At high LAI, the crop tends to bend or lodge, which decreases the CGR. This factor could have jeopardized data interpretation in previous studies. Agronomically, there is an optimum growth size for maximum yield. However, this optimum size is related to the lodging resistance of a variety but it is not related to the balance between photosynthesis and respiration. Crop respiration is closely related to gross photosynthesis; it is approximately 40% of gross photosynthesis over a wide range of values for LAI and leaf area ratio until 2 weeks after flowering (Fig. 5.5). 5.2. RESPIRATION 5.2.1. Growth and respiration Respiration is a process common to all living organisms during which high energy compounds are formed from carbohydrates. The skeletons of many important new compounds are formed as intermediates. During this process, oxygen is consumed and carbon dioxide is evolved. Growth is closely linked to respiration. Growth, i.e., the production of new organic material or the synthesis of new compounds, is achieved by use of intermediates and the energy stored in high-energy compounds. There is no growth without respiration. For example, major constituents of plant cells such as proteins, lipids, and cellulose are synthesized through respiration. 5.2.2. Growth efficiency When new organs ( GR ) are formed during growth, they are synthesized from intermediates and energy is supplied by respiration ( R ) (Tanaka and Yamaguchi 1968, Yamaguchi 1978). The ( GR + R ) represents the total amount of substrate consumed to produce new organs ( GR ). The growth efficiency is then defined as: Growth efficiency ( GE ) = amount of growth achieved total amount of substrate consumed = GR GR + R (5.14) 5.5. Respiration and photosynthesis of 6 varieties (IR8, Jaya, Sigadis, T141, Chianung 242, IR747B2-6-3) from 2 weeks after flowering (Cock and Yoshida 1973).
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FOREWORD Rice is vital to more than
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CONTENTS Foreword Preface GROWTH AN
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3.2. Adaptation to Submerged Soils
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4.5. Corrective Measures for Nutrit
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1 .1. OUTLINE OF THE LIFE HISTORY T
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RICE
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Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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