Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF RICE YIELD 251 One possibility suggested by the CO 2 enrichment is to increase photosynthesis during panicle development before flowering. Increased photosynthesis may be achieved by increasing photosynthetic efficiency or by extending the time for panicle growth. A group of physiologists has been trying to eliminate photorespiration in C-3 plant species either through chemicals or by genetic manipulation; the elimination of photorespiration is believed to increase the net photosynthesis of C-3 species by about 50% (Zelitch 1979). Relatively small differences exist in the length of the period from the initiation of panicle primordia to heading under normal crop conditions. In general, total growth duration and the length of the period from panicle initiation to heading are positively correlated. Thus, an early maturing rice variety has a relatively short time for panicle growth (Akimoto and Togari 1939). Because longer growth duration is not generally desirable, can the period of panicle growth be extended independently of the whole growth duration? Partitioning of assimilates between developing panicles, leaves, culms, and storage is probably under hormonal control. The distribution of a greater portion of assimilates into developing panicles may produce larger panicles. The flag leaf of most improved rice varieties is relatively small compared with the second or third leaves. Possibly this results from competition with the developing panicle. Attempts to understand and control the mechanism for partitioning assimilates merits much more attention.
REFERENCES AGRICULTURAL POLICY STUDY COMMISSION 1971. Technology of Japan No. 1 winners in rice yield contest. Fuji Publ. Co., Tokyo. 234 p. AIMI, R., H. SAWAMURA, and S. KONNO. 1959. Physiological studies on mechanism of crop plants — the effect of the temperature upon the behavior of carbohydrates and related enzymes during the ripening of the rice plant. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 27:405–407. AIYAR, S.P. 1945. A chlorosis of paddy ( Oryza sariva L.) due to sulfate deficiency. Curr. Sci. (India) 14:l–11. AKIMOTO, S., and Y. TOGARI. 1939. Varietal difference in panicle development of rice with reference to early or late transplanting. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 11:168–184. AKITA, S., Y. MURATA, and A. MIYASAKA. 1968. On light-photosynthesis curves of rice leaves. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 37:680–684. AKITA, S., A. MIYASAKA, and Y. MURATA. 1969. Studies on the difference of photosynthesis among species. I. Differences in response of photosynthesis among species in normal oxygen concentration as influenced by some environmental factors. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 38:507–524. AKITA, S., and A. MIYASAKA. 1969. Studies on the difference of photosynthesis among species. 11. Effect of oxygen-free air in photosynthesis. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 38:525–534. AKITA, S., and I. TANAKA. 1973. Studies on the mechanism of difference in photosynthesis among species. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 42:18–23. ALBERDA, T. 1954. Growth and root development of lowland rice and its relation to oxygen supply. Plant Soil 5:l–28. ALLAM, A.L., and J.P. HOLLIS. 1972. Sulfide inhibition of oxidases in rice roots. Phytopathology 62:634–639. ALLAM, A.L., G. PITTS, and J.P. HOLLIS. 1972. Sulfide determinations in submerged soils with an ion-selective electrode. Soil Sci. 114:456–467. AOMINE, S. 1955. Soil conditions of high yielding paddy fields. Agric. Technol. 10:297–301. ARASHI, K. 1955. Studies on growth of leaves of paddy rice plant. 1. The growth of the leaf blade and leaf sheath. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 23:21–25. ARIKADO, H. 1959. Studies on the development of the ventilating system in relation to the tolerance against excess moisture injury in various crops. XI. Proc. Crop. Sci. Soc. Jpn. 28:l–3. ARMSTRONG, W. 1964. Oxygen diffusion from the roots of some British bog plants. Nature 204:801–802. ARMSTRONG, W. 1967. The oxidizing activity of roots in waterlogged soils. Physiol. Plant. 20:920–926. ASAKUMA, S. 1958. Ecological studies of heading of rice. I. Relations between the days from seeding to heading and several conditions. II. The basic vegetative growing habit, sensitivity to daylength, and sensitivity to temperature of Japanese rice. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 27:61–66. BABA, I. 1954. Breeding of rice variety suitable for heavy manuring. Absorption and assimilation of nutrients and its relation to adaptability for heavy manuring and yield in rice variety. Pages 167–184 in Studies on rice breeding. A separate volume of the Japanese Journal of Breeding, vol. 4. Japanese Society of Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University, Tokyo. BABA, I. 1955. Varietal differences of the rice plant in relation to the resisting capacity to root rot diseases, induced by hydrogen sulfide, and a convenient method to test them. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 23:167–168. BABA, I. 1961. Mechanism of response to heavy manuring in rice varieties. Int. Rice Comm. Newsl. 10:9–16. BABA, I., Y. TAKAHASHI, and I. IWATA. 1953. Studies on the nutrition of rice with reference to Helminthosporium disease (Preliminary Report III). Effect of water temperature on nutrient uptake. Proc. Crop Sci. Soc. Jpn. 21:233–234. BABA, I., and T. HARADA. 1954. Physiological disease of rice plants in Japan. Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Japan. BABA, I., K. INADA. and K. TAJIMA 1965. Mineral nutrition and the occurrence of physiological diseases. Pages 173–195 in International Rice Research Institute. The mineral nutrition of the rice plant. Proceedings of a symposium at the International Rice Research Institute, February, 1964. The Johns Hopkins Press, Baltimore, Maryland.
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FOREWORD Rice is vital to more than
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CONTENTS Foreword Preface GROWTH AN
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3.2. Adaptation to Submerged Soils
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4.5. Corrective Measures for Nutrit
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1 .1. OUTLINE OF THE LIFE HISTORY T
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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE RICE
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5.1. PHOTOSYNTHESIS 5.1.1. Photosyn
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PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND RESPIRATION 197
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Photosynthetic characteristics Meas
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Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

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