Yoshida - 1981 - Fundamentals of Rice Crop Science

4 FUNDAMENTALS OF RICE CROP SCIENCE
1.2. Phasal development of the rice plant (adapted from Tanaka 1976). PI =
panicle primordia initiation, F = flowering, H = harvest. Maximum T =
maximum tiller number stage.
Third, growth duration of the same variety may be slightly different between the
transplanted and direct-seeded crops. Transplanted rice usually takes about 1 week
more to mature because its growth has been disturbed by uprooting.
1.2. SEED AND GERMINATION
1.2.1. Morphology
The rice grain, commonly called a seed, consists of the true fruit or brown rice
(caryopsis) and the hull, which encloses the brown rice (Fig. 1.3). Brown rice is
largely composed of embryo and endosperm. The surface contains several thin
layers of botanically differentiated tissues that enclose the embryo and endosperm
(Fig. 1.4).
The palea, lemma, sterile lemmas, and rachilla constitute the hull of indica
rices. In japonica rices, however, because of the nonshattering characteristic, the
hull usually includes rudimentary glumes and perhaps aportion of the pedicel. The