Migrant Smuggling Data and Research

Bilger, V., M. Hoffmann and M. Jandl
2006 Human Smuggling as a Transnational Service Industry: Evidence
from Austria. International Migration, 44(4):59–93.
Carrera, S. and E. Guild (eds.)
2016 Irregular Migration, Trafficking and Smuggling of Human Beings:
Policy Dilemmas in the EU. Center for European Policy Studies,
Brussels. Available from www.ceps.eu/system/files/Irregular%20
Migration,%20Trafficking%20and%20SmugglingwithCovers.pdf
Carrera, S. et al.
2016 Fit for purpose? The Facilitation Directive and the criminalisation
of humanitarian assistance to irregular migrants. LIBE Committee.
Available from www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/
STUD/2016/536490/IPOL_STU(2016)536490_EN.pdf
Council of the European Union
2002a Council Directive 2002/90/EC of 28 November 2002 defining the
facilitation of unauthorised entry, transit and residence.
2002b Council Framework Decision 2002/946/JHA of 28 November 2002 on
the strengthening of the penal framework to prevent the facilitation
of unauthorised entry, transit and residence.
2006 Council Decisions 2006/616/EC and 2006/617/EC on the conclusion
of the Protocol against the Smuggling of Migrants by Land, Air
and Sea, supplementing the United Nations Convention against
Transnational Organised Crime.
Derluyn, I. and E. Broekaert
2005 On the way to a better future: Belgium as transit country for
trafficking and smuggling of unaccompanied minors. International
Migration, 43(4):31–56.
Doomernik J.
2013 Migrant Smuggling between Two Logics: Migration Dynamics
and State Policies. The International Spectator: Italian Journal of
International Affairs, (48)3:113–129.
Efimerida Syntakton
2015 Farmakonisi: Victim found Guilty (in Greek). Available from www.
efsyn.gr/arthro/farmakonisi-enohos-thyma
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