Migrant Smuggling Data and Research

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Baldwin-Edwards, M. 2006 Between a Rock and Hard Place: North Africa as a region of emigration, immigration and transit migration. Review of African Political Economy, 33 (108):311–324. Brian, T. and F. Laczko (eds.) 2014 Fatal Journeys: Tracking Lives Lost During Migration. International Organization for Migration (IOM), Geneva. Available from http://publications.iom.int/system/files/pdf/fataljourneys_ countingtheuncounted.pdf Centre for Transnational Development and Collaboration (CTDC) 2015 Syrian Refugees in Turkey: Gender Analysis. Available from http:// ctdc.org/analysis.pdf Çiçekli, B. 2005 Yasadışı göç, insan kaçakçılığı ve insan ticareti ile mücadele [Irregular Migration, Counteracting Human Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons] (in Turkish). Polis Bilimleri Dergisi, 7(1):43–57. Demir, O.Ö. 2015 Akdeniz’e Gömülen Göçmenler [Migrants Losing their Lives in the Mediterranean] (in Turkish). GLOBAL: Policy and Strategy, 22 April. Available from http://globalpse.org/akdenize-gomulen-gocmenler/ Deniz, O. 2000 Uluslararası Göçler ve Türkiye’ye Yansıması: Sığınmacılar, Mülteciler ve Yasadışı Göçmenler [International Migration and Its Reflection in Turkey: Asylum-Seekers, Refugees and Illegal Migrants] (in Turkish). Çantay Yayınevi, İstanbul. De Clerck, H.M. 2013 Sub-saharan African Migrants in Turkey: A Case Study on Senegalese Migrants in Istanbul. Ankara University SBF Dergisi, 68(1):39–58. Erder, S. and S. Kaşka 2003 Irregular Migration and Trafficking in Women: The Case of Turkey. Geneva: International Organization for Migration. Available from https://publications.iom.int/books/irregular-migration-andtrafficking-women-case-turkey 154 6. Turkey
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Migrant Smuggling Data and Research
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Migrant Smuggling Data and Research
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on migrant smuggling and irregular
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Trafficking (UN.GIFT) and a member
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Marie McAuliffe is the newly appoin
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Ramesh Sunman is a research officer
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1 REPORT OVERVIEW Marie McAuliffe a
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disrupt the activities of migrant s
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Financial motives are central to th
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Complexities of smuggling Part of t
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physical and mental harm, and somet
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Probably the best data available re
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Finally, it could be argued that co
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(chapter 2), grey literature “ref
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on aspects of migrant smuggling, in
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References commonplace than is read
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International Organization for Migr
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Regional Mixed Migration Secretaria
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Introduction 2 WEST AND CENTRAL AFR
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Map 2.1: Map of West and Central Af
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distances in sparsely populated are
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down by nationality. 6 These entrie
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Figure 2.1: Asylum applications lau
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qualitative data often contain deta
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Investigative journalism A substant
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and terrorism are mentioned in the
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Ethnographic research and policy re
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Conclusion and ways forward Migrati
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Altai Consulting 2013 Mixed Migrati
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2007b Unauthorized migration from A
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Global Initiative Against Transnati
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Marie, C.-V. 2004 Preventing Illega
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Triulzi, A. 2013 “Like a plate of
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Table 3.1: Signatories of the Proto
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smuggling, most of which focus on S
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Somalia, Eritrea, Ethiopia and Djib
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Smuggler services and networks The
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not view themselves as victims of a
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to air travel. Although travelling
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identified along the routes to the
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collecting data on irregular migrat
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Remaining data available online inc
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informant interviews and in-depth i
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• Risk of abduction and trafficki
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human trafficking, but also inform
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De Regt, M. and M. Tafesse 2015 Dep
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2013a Health Vulnerabilities Study
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United Nations High Commissioner fo
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Mediterranean routes passing throug
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The dynamics of smuggling As seen i
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Key locations There is much to sugg
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smuggler once in the destination co
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increased between 2014 and 2015, wh
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Figure 4.2: Irregular arrivals on t
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In terms of research focused on smu
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perspective of the migration dynami
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Global Initiative against Transnati
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Page 120 and 121: of Unauthorized Entry and Residence
Page 122 and 123: (c) Eastern Mediterranean route, fr
Page 124 and 125: nationals of UNSC resolution 1244-a
Page 126 and 127: Figure 5.1: Smuggling routes into a
Page 128 and 129: Travel by air through falsified doc
Page 130 and 131: Czech Republic, for instance, do no
Page 132 and 133: Next to the lack of comparable and
Page 134 and 135: of Austria (FPG), n.d.; Federal Act
Page 136 and 137: smuggling within the wider frame of
Page 138 and 139: critique, as the overall number rem
Page 140 and 141: Inadequate attention is currently a
Page 142 and 143: Bilger, V., M. Hoffmann and M. Jand
Page 144 and 145: Europol 2011 Illegal immigrant smug
Page 146 and 147: Harding, L. (and agencies) 2015 Hun
Page 148 and 149: Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) 20
Page 150 and 151: Legislation 2004 Federal Aliens Law
Page 152 and 153: What makes migrant smuggling more c
Page 154 and 155: In recent years, Turkey has also ma
Page 156 and 157: Although the apprehension statistic
Page 158 and 159: Figure 6.1: Migrant routes in the M
Page 160 and 161: Review of data on migrant smuggling
Page 162 and 163: The Turkish Criminal Code (Article
Page 164 and 165: Regarding mixed survey methods usin
Page 166 and 167: 4 April 2016 in line with the bilat
Page 170 and 171: İçduygu, A. and D.B. Aksel 2012 I
Page 172 and 173: Kirişçi, K. 2003 The Question of
Page 174 and 175: Wissink, M., F. Düvell and A. van
Page 176 and 177: esponse to the demand for migration
Page 178 and 179: (though it should be noted that a c
Page 180 and 181: Map 7.1: Afghan migration flows to
Page 182 and 183: emaining relatives with remittances
Page 184 and 185: Services to Europe include meetings
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Page 188 and 189: in Quetta 75 was specifically on tr
Page 190 and 191: • Number of departures from Afgha
Page 192 and 193: of government-funded research on mo
Page 194 and 195: First, serious thought needs to be
Page 196 and 197: Department of Immigration and Citiz
Page 198 and 199: Koser, K. and P. Marsden 2013 Migra
Page 200 and 201: Triandafyllidou, A. and T. Maroukis
Page 202 and 203: In destination countries, migrant s
Page 204 and 205: Overview of migrant smuggling in th
Page 206 and 207: Some irregular migrants from Bangla
Page 208 and 209: Costs to migrants Financial costs o
Page 210 and 211: Figure 8.3: Smuggling as a set of b
Page 212 and 213: Ultimately, the data that is collec
Page 214 and 215: Review of migrant smuggling researc
Page 216 and 217: (2012) investigated “entrepreneur
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the spike in irregular migration fr
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Davin, E. and N. Majidi 2009 Study
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McAuliffe, M. 2013 Seeking the view
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United Nations High Commissioner fo
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This conceptualization has been evi
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The growing profile of migrant smug
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For example, Malaysia currently hos
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Lyneham, 2014). The following case
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The summary of data contained in th
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The transnational criminal focus ap
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Data on smuggling of asylum seekers
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Data on abuse, exploitation and dea
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Given extremely limited household i
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Australia. The remaining research w
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elsewhere in the region appears to
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Barron, L. and W. Lone 2015 Myanmar
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MacKinnon, I. 2008 54 Burmese migra
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United Nations Office of Drugs and
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A.T. Gallagher (2015), “Exploitat
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10 NORTH-EAST ASIA Jiyoung Song Int
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The following sections provide the
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Figure 10:1: Destination countries
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a three-tiered structure: (a) “bi
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Problems with accessibility Given t
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smugglers as criminals have evolved
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2003; Li, 2012; Silverstone, 2011).
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not to be dominant in the region. N
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Human Rights Watch 2002 The Invisib
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Lohman, D. 1996 North Korea: A Pote
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n.d. Voluntary Reporting System on
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庄国土 1997 对近 20 年来
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李琦 . 2011 吉林中朝边
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travel documents from friends and f
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and 2011). This chapter provides an
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journalistic reports suggest many o
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Some Cuban nationals and residents
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north, but also within the continen
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migration flows. In terms of offici
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esearch has also emerged on the top
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the region in a fashion that may al
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migratory corridor. Brigden (2015)
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security mechanisms, efforts to eng
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Casillas, R. 2007 Una Vida Discreta
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Evans, M. and J. Franzblau (eds.) 2
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Jackson, J. 2015 Crossing the Darie
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Moreno Mena, J.A. and L. Niño Cont
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Robinson, B. 2010 Smuggled Masses:
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2013 Children on the Run: Unaccompa
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12 THE UNITED STATES Sheldon X. Zha
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a long history of admitting large n
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During the 1980 and 1990s, Chinese
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Migrant smuggling in San Diego San
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Mexican Migration Project (MMP) Sur
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Migration, either regular or irregu
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Once migrant smuggling is framed as
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In a market environment where goods
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Most policymakers as well as border
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Cornelius, W.A. and J.M. Lewis (eds
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Roberts, B. et al. 2010 An Analysis
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17 route des Morillons, P.O. Box 17
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