knjiga solarna energija dobra

772 PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEMS
Costs of solar home systems
In the first year
In 20 years (accumulated)
Module
38.5%
Charge regulator
12.8%
10.3%
2 lamps/
ballasts
Project
management
Module
12.0%
4,0%
11.4%
Charge
regulator
12.8%
2 lamps/
ballasts
Project
management
12.8% 5.1%
12.8%
7.7%
Repair/
maintenance
Installation
Battery 31.9%
Repair/
maintenance
4.0%
Installation
24.0%
Battery
Tunisia 1993 (no costs for financing)
Figure 17.19 Cost breakdown for Solar Home Systems [7]: (a) year of installation; (b) cumulative
costs after 20 years of lifetime
of system components (BOS), that is, battery, charge controller, installation material and
the electric appliances.
To achieve highly reliable systems, recommendations for the quality improvement
of Solar Home Systems and their components have been prepared in different institutions
together with industry partners worldwide and are currently being introduced and
implemented in national and international standardisation committees. The guarantee of
high-quality standards is seen as the main necessity to bring in financing agencies and
companies. Up to now, the risk that is due to the uncertainty about the durability and the
handling of PV systems can be identified as one of the main barriers for bank, insurance
companies, private fee for service providers, governments and last but not the least, for
the users of the systems for becoming involved in this new technology.
The main components of small PV-systems are the PV module, the storage battery,
the charge controller, if necessary a DC/AC inverter, the appliances (lamps, radio, TV
sets, refrigerators, fans etc.) and the installation material (safety boxes, cables, plugs,
sockets etc.). While today and at least in the near future, the PV module will be imported
from industrialised countries – in some developing countries the module assembly has
already started – all the other components are suited for local production. Of course,
these components have to fulfil the high-quality standards as well, which are needed for
all components in a PV-system. This is the reason in today’s larger PV programmes for
rural electrification often components from industrialised countries are used.
However, there are several reasons for the assumption that in the near future – and
in reality this development has already started in many countries – good quality