BALTIC SEAENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS No. 59 - Helcom

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2. INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK FOR COOPERATION IN COMBAT- TING MARINE POLLUTION INCIDENTS The Helsinki Convention is not the only international instrument which have influenced the Finnish legislation, arrangements and policies in the field of combatting marine pollution. Below is described how these other instruments have nationally been implemented and taken into account. 2.1 Global instruments The IMO conventions like SOLAS and MARPOL 73/78l and thereto related IMO Codes and resolutions provide bases of the maritime safety regulation in Finland, i.e prevention of operational and accidental discharges from ships. This mater has been dealt with in Maritime Session of the seminar. The internationally adopted liability and compensation scheme e.g CLC and Fund Conventions 2 are bases of our national legislation. The ratification of 82/92 Protocols related to these instruments is under preparation. Finland has ratified the 1990 OPRC Convention 3 which provides principles and procedures for global cooperation and assistance in case of a major oil pollution incident. Provisions of the 1969 Intervention Convention and 1973 Intervention Protocol 4 have been incorporated into Finnish legislation and they legalize response action to be taken also outside the territorial waters and onboard ship. ') SOLAS = the International Convention on the Safety of the Life at Sea, 1974 (amended afterwards several times) MARPOL 73/78 = the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by 1978 Protocol (amended afterwards several times) 2 CLC = the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage, 1969 FUND = the International Convention on the establishment of an international Fund for Compensation for Oil Pollution Damage 3 OPRC = the International Convention on Oil Pollution Preparedness, Response and Co-operation, 1990 4 The International Convention related to intervention on the high seas in cases of oil pollution casualties, 1969 Protocol related to Intervention on High Seas in Cases of Pollution by Substances other than Oil, 1973 349
2.2. 2.3 Finland has not yet ratified the new 1989 Salvage Convention. The private salvage companies apply, however, the new 1989 Lloyds Open Form in their contracts. Regional instruments The provisions of the 1974 Helsinki Convention on the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Baltic Sea Area, and in the future the new 1992 convention, Annex VI to the old convention and Annex VII to the new one as well as HELCOM Manual on Cooperation in Combatting Marine Pollution have rather been taken into account in the practical work than been incorporated into the legislation. How this has been done will be highlighted later. Copenhagen Agreement on the cooperation between Denmark, Finland, (Iceland), Norway and Sweden originates from the year 1970 and new agreement has been signed on 29 March 1993. The Nordic cooperation based on this agreement has been very close and effective, as all Nordic cooperation is. Exchange of results of research and development work and experiences from the use of various combatting means and methods have been greatly influenced many practical solutions in Finland. The considerations and conclusions within the Nordic cooperation have had an essential impact in the Finnish national oil combatting policy. Bilateral arrangements The Copenhagen Agreement functions also as a bilateral agreement between Finland and Sweden. The new 1993 Agreement allows even for direct contacts even at district and local level; two operational exercises at district level are organized annually. The bilateral agreement with Soviet Union from 1989 is today applicable between Finland and the Russian Federation. It is based on the general provisions of the Helsinki Convention and includes detailed provisions for direct bilateral cooperation. Today it covers geographically only the eastmost part of the Gulf of Finland A bilateral agreement with Estonia is under negotiation; it will be based on the approach used in the agreement with the former Soviet Union. A protocol on the transitional arrangement will be connected to the agreement. 350
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BALTIC SEAENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS N
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Preface General statements and lect
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Practical organization of national
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HELCOM SEMINAR for Experts from Est
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obligations. When fulfilling HELCOM
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Fleming Otzen Chairman of the Helsi
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facts and thus avoiding the long la
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In earlier days it was unthinkable
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possibilities. HELCOM decision in 1
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Catchment area solved by HELCOM but
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denominator, however, in that an af
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the general public, openness within
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The Baltic Sea Joint Comprehensive
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Submitted by Russia HELCOM SEMINAR
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During the last year the ecological
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION DEPARTMENT
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The financing of capital investment
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The first phase of the main study i
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At Liepaja in some kind we have an
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- organizing of Environmental Enfor
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44. Daugava River Basin/RER Plant -
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HELCOM SEMINAR FOR EXPERTS FROM EST
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Some of the special topics have bee
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The Duties of EGAP HELCOM SEMINAR R
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average concentrations of nitrogen
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The second purpose of emission data
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Model results for the total deposit
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Table 1. Measurement DroPramme of E
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1. 2. 3, 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.
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Table 6. Deposition estimates for t
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Figure 2. Annual average nitrogen c
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Figure 4. Average wet fluxes of nit
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INTRODUCTION The Baltic Sea is the
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out of Chernobyl in the Baltic Sea
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ed by the initial fallout. Figure 2
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Fig. 1 r- u) LD Lo u-l u-l 68
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Bs 1.oc!E+141 1.ooE+13 WOE+12 l.OOE
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INTRODUCTION Article 16 of the Hels
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Qualitv Assurance (OA) The success
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had been a ten-fold reduction of co
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Improvements of Guidelines The Guid
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life. This objective, which can be
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6 4 6 2 6oc MAP OF THE MONITORING S
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Table 2. Obligatory and tentative d
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Table 5. SAMPLING FREQUENCY OF BMP.
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The Need for Quality Assurance in M
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(Topping, 1992). Two principal comp
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increasing frequency, analysts find
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PHASE 1 OF THE VALIDATION PROCESS E
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m- Information Service 22.6.1993 BA
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Appendix Baltic Marine Environment
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Baltic Marine Environment Bibliogra
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1. MC tasks in general The Tasks an
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of MC decisions, informal meetings
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4. Conclusions Taking all in all th
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~esedealwithsu&mattersas applicatio
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~l~~ofa009K>SStQntandabove~be~~with
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mv l(T,zzbaae) Ehtxy into foxre: 31
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For existing crude oil tankers, a t
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me first set of amrkmmts to MARWL 7
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Theseamendmntsweredesigmdtoencourag
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The 1990 alredmnts Adoption: March
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Regulation 13G also allows for futu
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Many of these ships are now 15 to 2
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Jukka Hakamies Secretary of Interna
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the condition of ships more closely
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detention percentage, which is supp
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Regulation 19 Ir] Control * Figure
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6 5 4 3 2 1 0 L percentage 7 source
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Flag States with detention percenta
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COMMON POLICY ON DETENTION PROCEDUR
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35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Targe, t Actu
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1. Introduction On the 32th session
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CHAPTER 2 Figure 1.1 f I-- - -_ CHA
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operating waste handling system, an
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The first task of this agency would
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4. Lesal aspects Firstly a few rema
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facility as it is a primary means o
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developed and it should address als
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facilities. In many cases it is pos
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installation for Annex V serves as
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a free of charge system. Applicatio
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does not exist. When cargo residues
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to the trip to be undertaken, shoul
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HELCOM SEMINAR For Experts from Est
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RECEPTION FACILITIES IN PORTS Artic
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The capacity of each reception faci
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COOPERATION IN THE PREVENTION OF PO
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Tanker Tractor Unit IAF = Induced A
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At the beginning under the Technolo
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The Commission has decided that the
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Bernd Mehlhorn Chairman TC POINT TC
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Priorities The working strategy for
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- nutrient balance, including ferti
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EXISTING REPORTS CONCERNING POLLUTI
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CLASSlFICATIONOFTHEINPUTSTOTHEBALTI
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Table 5.1 Organic matter (BOD,) Loa
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Table 5.3 Sub-region Rivers Total N
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-NOTALLREQUESTEDBASICINFORMATION SU
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CONCERNING THE REDUCTION OF 50% OF
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DIVISION OF TASKS AND RESPONSIE3ILI
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wastewater disposal plants are met
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It is particularly important to rec
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without any great difficulty. Only
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agriculture. Later HELCOM recommend
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Within the last decade in Denmark f
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Agency calculated the effect of the
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Public random control on pesticides
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Forest and Nature Conservation, the
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ecommendation is thus of great impo
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The ‘Recommendation concerning re
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chance to give their opinion and pr
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- norms may cause technical stagnat
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ECONOMIC INSTRUMENTS IN ENVIRONMENT
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- How well does the approach implem
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environmental sectors. The Committe
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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION RELATED TA
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235 ANNEX 3 zs-. 8. J943 &da&_
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2. ITEMS AND OBJECTIVES FOR NEGOTIA
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In case permit conditions include a
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If permit conditions are violated,
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ANNEX5 Tasks and personnel in the i
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until 80-100%. All local costs will
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HELCOM SEMINAR FOR EXPERTS FROM EST
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management section of the Ministry.
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No. 187 DECREE ON THE ADVISORY BOAR
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253
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Annual cycle of national preparatio
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A number of important environmental
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The main tasks are: -accumulating f
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STATENS NATURVhWWERK Swedish Enviro
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ORGANIZATION OF THE NATIONAL SWEDIS
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2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 3 3.1
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Initial Contributions Annual Contri
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THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON LI
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THE INTERNATIONAL CONVENTIONS ON LI
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Only a spill from a tanker which is
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3.2 Limit of compensation The maxim
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After the Assembly’s decisions on
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(9 (9) 0-O 0) 5 5.1 Pre-spill preve
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Before the entry into force of the
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The Fund Convention has so far been
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Pollution Reoorting Oil Polbtion Em
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. Technical services - Facilitate C
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Captain Thomas Fag8 RIGA September
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Otherwise, it is very difficult to
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are nations. 4. Organisation of the
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Conclusions With this brief overvie
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Page 306 and 307: FIGURE 302-l Appendix 6 TANKER SPIL
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Page 310 and 311: OPERATIONAL FUNCTION Appendix 10 *
Page 312 and 313: LOGISTICS *Procurement *Transporbli
Page 314 and 315: Recommendation 6/13 Recommendation
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Page 318 and 319: COMMAND STRUCTURE FOR JOINT COMBATT
Page 320 and 321: Chapt.er 12 CO-OPERATION ON AERIAL
Page 322 and 323: PART II (POLINF) 40. 41. 42. 43. 44
Page 324 and 325: CHAPTER 5.6 page 2 47 Drift of alga
Page 326 and 327: 1. Introduction Informal Working Gr
Page 328 and 329: As decided upon by CC To be propose
Page 330 and 331: 2.4. 2.4.1. 2.4.2. 2.4.3. 2.4.4. 2.
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Page 338 and 339: Furthermore, it is the intention an
Page 340 and 341: sea furface, and persistent oils, w
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Page 344 and 345: generally contains debris and sand,
Page 346 and 347: munication equipment for the variou
Page 348 and 349: ANNEX2 PROVISIONAL GUIDELINES FOR A
Page 350 and 351: Aeria Surveillance Results 1986 bis
Page 354 and 355: 3. 3.1 3.2 NATIONAL LEGISLATION AND
Page 356 and 357: 4. 4.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF THE HELSIN
Page 358 and 359: 5 . based greatly on those experien
Page 360 and 361: Mr. Olli Pahkala Ministry of the En
Page 362 and 363: Mr. Bernd Mehlhorn (Chairman of TC
Page 364 and 365: PARTICIPANTS Mr. Harri Jankovski Es
Page 366 and 367: Mr. Ringolds Arnitis State of Plant
Page 368 and 369: Ms. Laila Kule Research Centre Latv
Page 370 and 371: Mr. Karlis Zakss Latvian Shipping C
Page 372 and 373: Mr. Nicolay D. Sorokin Committee on
Page 374 and 375: Secretariat of the Helsinki Commiss
Page 376 and 377: 11.30 - 12.30 * Problem areas (Chai
Page 378 and 379: 14.00 - 15.00 National experience i
Page 380 and 381: 16.30 - 17.00 Coffee break 17.00 -
Page 382 and 383: * * Baltic Sea Environment Proceedi
Page 384 and 385: * * * International Oil Pollution C
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BALTIC SEAENVIRONMENT PROCEEDINGS No. 59 - Helcom

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