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Oeuvres sur Papier - Works on Paper - Jean-Luc Baroni & Marty de Cambiaire - 2022

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3. Fra Bartolomeo, La Vierge et l’Enfant, musée <strong>de</strong><br />

Grenoble.<br />

4. Fra Bartolomeo, La Vierge et l’Enfant, Florence,<br />

musée nati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>de</strong> San Marco.<br />

cennie du xvi e siècle. Entre 1513 et 1514, il visita<br />

Rome, nouveau centre <strong>de</strong> la vie artistique et mourut<br />

quelques années plus tard d’une intoxicati<strong>on</strong> alimentaire,<br />

méritant, nous dit Giorgio Vasari, « d’être<br />

compté parmi les bienfaiteurs <strong>de</strong> l’art ».<br />

Fra Bartolomeo a ab<strong>on</strong>damment <strong>de</strong>ssiné, souvent<br />

en lien avec la peinture. Commençant par utiliser<br />

la plume et l’encre brune, il adopte la pierre noire<br />

et la craie blanche, un mélange d<strong>on</strong>t il comprend<br />

vite les potentialités pour les étu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> figures et<br />

qu’il finit par adopter presqu’exclusivement comme<br />

l’avait fait avant lui <strong>Luc</strong>a Signorelli. Ce n’est que<br />

vers 1511, pour la préparati<strong>on</strong> <strong>de</strong> la Pala <strong>de</strong>l Gran<br />

C<strong>on</strong>siglio (Florence, musée nati<strong>on</strong>al <strong>de</strong> San Marco),<br />

qu’il commence à utiliser la sanguine, pour <strong>de</strong>ssiner<br />

d’après le modèle humain, et qu’il allie parfois<br />

à un premier tracé à la pointe <strong>de</strong> métal. À la suite<br />

<strong>de</strong> s<strong>on</strong> voyage à Rome, il commence à exploiter les<br />

effets du mélange pierre noire et sanguine, éventuellement<br />

rehaussé <strong>de</strong> craie blanche. Il réalise<br />

alors <strong>de</strong>s portraits mélangeant pierre et craie, d<strong>on</strong>t<br />

celui <strong>de</strong> Michel-Ange (Rotterdam, musée Boijmans<br />

Van Beuningen, album, N° 185) mais également<br />

<strong>de</strong>s étu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong> têtes. C’est le cas <strong>de</strong> plusieurs <strong>de</strong>ssins<br />

préparatoires aux figures <strong>de</strong> la Mad<strong>on</strong>e <strong>de</strong> la Miséricentury.<br />

Fra Bartolomeo visited Rome, the new<br />

centre of artistic life, between 1513 and 1514 and<br />

died a few years later of food pois<strong>on</strong>ing, <strong>de</strong>serving,<br />

Giorgio Vasari tells us, “to be counted am<strong>on</strong>g the<br />

benefactors of art.”<br />

Fra Bartolomeo drew extensively and often in<br />

c<strong>on</strong>necti<strong>on</strong> with painting. Beginning with pen<br />

and brown ink, he switched to black and white<br />

chalk, quickly un<strong>de</strong>rstanding the potential of this<br />

combinati<strong>on</strong> for use in figure studies. He would<br />

eventually end up using chalk almost exclusively as<br />

<strong>Luc</strong>a Signorelli had d<strong>on</strong>e before him. Fra Bartolomeo<br />

<strong>on</strong>ly began to use red chalk for drawing from the<br />

human mo<strong>de</strong>l around 1511, for the preparati<strong>on</strong> of<br />

the Pala <strong>de</strong>l Gran C<strong>on</strong>siglio (Florence, San Marco<br />

Museum), occasi<strong>on</strong>ally combining it with an initial<br />

outline ma<strong>de</strong> in silverpoint. Following his trip to<br />

Rome, Fra Bartolomeo un<strong>de</strong>rstood the advantages<br />

of mixing black chalk with red chalk and adding<br />

highlights worked in white chalk, producing<br />

portraits with two or three chalks including that of<br />

Michelangelo (Rotterdam, Boijmans Van Beuningen<br />

Museum, album, N° 185), but also studies of heads.<br />

This is particularly evi<strong>de</strong>nt <strong>on</strong> several preparatory<br />

drawings bel<strong>on</strong>ging to the Boijmans Van Beuningen<br />

16

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