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Oeuvres sur Papier - Works on Paper - Jean-Luc Baroni & Marty de Cambiaire - 2022

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la scala <strong>de</strong>l C<strong>on</strong>vento », et le 15 juillet, une <strong>de</strong>rnière<br />

dans l’«infermeria dove mangiano l’infermi » 3 . Cette<br />

peinture murale se trouve au couvent <strong>de</strong> San Marco<br />

<strong>de</strong>puis 1701.<br />

La sec<strong>on</strong><strong>de</strong> est La Vierge et l’Enfant du musée <strong>de</strong><br />

Grenoble 4 (Fig. 4), œuvre l<strong>on</strong>gtemps c<strong>on</strong>sidérée<br />

comme une copie d’atelier notamment à cause d’un<br />

épais drapé ajouté au xix e siècle et c<strong>on</strong>servé par la<br />

<strong>de</strong>rnière restaurati<strong>on</strong>, mais rendue à Fra Bartolomeo<br />

par Marco Chiarini en 1988 5 . Les spécialistes datent<br />

cette huile <str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g> panneau autour <strong>de</strong> 1516 – 1517. La<br />

compositi<strong>on</strong> est très semblable à celle <strong>de</strong> l’œuvre<br />

<strong>de</strong> San Marco mais présente une différence dans<br />

le positi<strong>on</strong>nement <strong>de</strong>s mains <strong>de</strong> la Vierge, ce qui<br />

permet <strong>de</strong> comprendre à laquelle <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux versi<strong>on</strong>s<br />

peintes se rapportent les différents <strong>de</strong>ssins préparatoires<br />

c<strong>on</strong>servés aux Offices 6 et à Rotterdam 7 .<br />

La jeune femme <strong>de</strong> notre <strong>de</strong>ssin partage <strong>de</strong> nombreuses<br />

caractéristiques avec Vierge <strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong>ux compositi<strong>on</strong>s<br />

peintes : l’inclinais<strong>on</strong> <strong>de</strong> la tête, la directi<strong>on</strong><br />

du regard, l’œil droit à moitié caché par la naissance<br />

du nez, le bout du nez qui pointe hors <strong>de</strong> l’ovale<br />

du visage. Mais certains détails lui s<strong>on</strong>t propres : la<br />

coiffure, avec la mèche <strong>de</strong> cheveux qui tombe <str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g><br />

l’épaule et la présence <strong>de</strong> l’oreille, r<strong>on</strong><strong>de</strong> et charnue.<br />

Il est d<strong>on</strong>c difficile d’affirmer qu’elle se rapporte à<br />

l’une plus qu’à l’autre. La logique voudrait toutefois<br />

qu’elle ait été réalisée avant la première <strong>de</strong> ces <strong>de</strong>ux<br />

compositi<strong>on</strong>s, d<strong>on</strong>c dès 1514, et qu’elle ait servi <strong>de</strong><br />

modèle <strong>de</strong> référence pour les <strong>de</strong>ux, ce qui pourrait<br />

en faire l’une <strong>de</strong>s premières œuvres c<strong>on</strong>nues à<br />

ce jour dans laquelle Fra Bartolomeo utilise cette<br />

technique <strong>de</strong>s trois cray<strong>on</strong>s pour préparer la figure<br />

d’une peinture. L’aspect « dal vivo » <strong>de</strong> cette étu<strong>de</strong><br />

semble c<strong>on</strong>forter cette hypothèse ; l’artiste a pu<br />

<strong>de</strong>ssiner d’après un modèle vivant, puis utiliser ce<br />

visage en peinture, sel<strong>on</strong> la métho<strong>de</strong> adoptée pour<br />

certaines figures <strong>de</strong> la Mad<strong>on</strong>e <strong>de</strong> Miséricor<strong>de</strong> 8 . Il<br />

existe d’ailleurs au musée <strong>de</strong>s Offices une étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong><br />

tête à la pierre noire, plus sommaire, également très<br />

proche <strong>de</strong> la fresque <strong>de</strong> San Marco et <strong>de</strong> notre <strong>de</strong>ssin<br />

(Fig. 5 ; Inv. 473) 9 , qui pourrait se positi<strong>on</strong>ner entre<br />

l’étu<strong>de</strong> d’après le modèle vivant et le tableau : le visage<br />

légèrement plus all<strong>on</strong>gé, les cheveux rem<strong>on</strong>tés<br />

<str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g> l’oreille s<strong>on</strong>t autant <strong>de</strong> détails qui se détachent du<br />

<strong>de</strong>ssin pour aller vers le modèle peint <strong>de</strong> 1514. Mais<br />

Fra Bartolomeo ayant souvent multiplié les étu<strong>de</strong>s<br />

<strong>de</strong> têtes d’un même modèle afin <strong>de</strong> se c<strong>on</strong>stituer<br />

un répertoire <strong>de</strong> formes pour ses peintures 10 , <strong>on</strong> ne<br />

peut exclure qu’il ait pu travailler plus tardivement<br />

à <strong>de</strong> nouvelles versi<strong>on</strong>s <strong>de</strong> modèles antérieurs, afin<br />

d’approf<strong>on</strong>dir ses recherches formelles. Par pru<strong>de</strong>nce<br />

d<strong>on</strong>c, il c<strong>on</strong>vient <strong>de</strong> dater l’œuvre plus largement<br />

15 th . It has bel<strong>on</strong>ged to the C<strong>on</strong>vent of San Marco<br />

since 1701.<br />

The sec<strong>on</strong>d is The Virgin and Child at the Grenoble<br />

Museum 4 (Fig. 4), a work l<strong>on</strong>g c<strong>on</strong>si<strong>de</strong>red a workshop<br />

copy, mainly due to thick drapery ad<strong>de</strong>d in the 19th<br />

century and left intact by the last restorer. Marco<br />

Chiarini reattributed this work to Fra Bartolomeo in<br />

1988 5 . All the specialists are in agreement that this<br />

oil <strong>on</strong> panel seems to have been ma<strong>de</strong> around 1516<br />

– 1517. The compositi<strong>on</strong> is very similar to that of<br />

the San Marco work, but differs in the positi<strong>on</strong>ing<br />

of the Virgin’s hands, which makes it possible to<br />

un<strong>de</strong>rstand to which of the two painted versi<strong>on</strong>s<br />

the various preparatory drawings c<strong>on</strong>served in the<br />

Uffizi 6 and in Rotterdam relate 7 .<br />

The Virgin in our drawing shares many characteristics<br />

with those of the two painted compositi<strong>on</strong>s: the<br />

inclinati<strong>on</strong> of the head, the directi<strong>on</strong> of the gaze,<br />

the right eye half hid<strong>de</strong>n by the top of the nose and<br />

the tip of the nose which points out of the oval of the<br />

face. But some <strong>de</strong>tails are specific to the drawing,<br />

including the hairstyle with the lock of hair that falls<br />

over the shoul<strong>de</strong>r and the presence of a round, fleshy<br />

ear. This makes it difficult to ascertain whether the<br />

drawing relates to <strong>on</strong>e painting more than the other.<br />

Logic dictates, however, that it was ma<strong>de</strong> before the<br />

first of the two compositi<strong>on</strong>s – as early as 1514 –<br />

and that it served as a reference mo<strong>de</strong>l for both.<br />

This could make it <strong>on</strong>e of the first works known<br />

to date in which Fra Bartolomeo uses the threechalk<br />

technique to <strong>de</strong>velop a figure inten<strong>de</strong>d for a<br />

painting. The “dal vivo” aspect of the study appears<br />

to support this hypothesis: the artist could have<br />

drawn from a live mo<strong>de</strong>l and then used the face for<br />

painting, a method he employed for certain figures<br />

of the Mad<strong>on</strong>na of Mercy 8 . The Uffizi museum<br />

owns a more succinct head study executed in black<br />

chalk that is also very close to the San Marco fresco<br />

and to our drawing (Fig. 5; Inv. 473) 9 , which could<br />

positi<strong>on</strong> it chr<strong>on</strong>ologically between the live mo<strong>de</strong>l<br />

study and the painting – the slightly l<strong>on</strong>ger face and<br />

the hair pulled up over the ear are all <strong>de</strong>tails that<br />

differ from the drawing and point towards the final<br />

compositi<strong>on</strong> of the 1514 painting.<br />

But because Fra Bartolomeo often produced<br />

multiple head studies of the same mo<strong>de</strong>l in or<strong>de</strong>r to<br />

c<strong>on</strong>stitute a repertoire for use in his paintings 10 , we<br />

cannot exclu<strong>de</strong> the possibility that he might have<br />

worked <strong>on</strong> new versi<strong>on</strong>s of his earlier mo<strong>de</strong>ls at a<br />

later date in or<strong>de</strong>r to <strong>de</strong>epen his formal research.<br />

So it is advisable, as a precauti<strong>on</strong>, to date the work<br />

more broadly between 1514 and 1517, as indicated<br />

by Chris Fischer.<br />

18

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