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Oeuvres sur Papier - Works on Paper - Jean-Luc Baroni & Marty de Cambiaire - 2022

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cha pas <strong>de</strong> décorer la voûte octog<strong>on</strong>ale <strong>de</strong> la Sacristie<br />

<strong>de</strong> la Cure <strong>de</strong> la Sainte-Mais<strong>on</strong> <strong>de</strong> Loreto ni <strong>de</strong><br />

participer en 1482 au grand chantier <strong>de</strong> la chapelle<br />

Sixtine à Rome, où il réalisa avec Bartolomeo <strong>de</strong>lla<br />

Gatta Le Testament et la mort <strong>de</strong> Moïse.<br />

C’est d<strong>on</strong>c en pleine possessi<strong>on</strong> <strong>de</strong> ses moyens artistiques<br />

et dans une phase ascendante <strong>de</strong> sa carrière<br />

que Signorelli se trouve à Florence vers 1490, où il<br />

entre en c<strong>on</strong>tact avec le milieu <strong>de</strong> l’Académie plat<strong>on</strong>icienne.<br />

Pour Laurent le Magnifique ou pour s<strong>on</strong><br />

cousin Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, mécène éclairé et<br />

commanditaire du Printemps <strong>de</strong> Botticelli, il peint<br />

la célèbre Éducati<strong>on</strong> <strong>de</strong> Pan (autrefois à Berlin, au<br />

Kaiser Friedrich Museum et détruite en 1945) et la<br />

Vierge à l’enfant avec <strong>de</strong>s ignudi (Florence, musée<br />

<strong>de</strong>s Offices). À Volterra, autre cité médicéenne, il<br />

peint la même année La Circ<strong>on</strong>cisi<strong>on</strong>, <strong>de</strong> laquelle<br />

<strong>on</strong> peut rapprocher notre <strong>de</strong>ssin, mais également<br />

L’Ann<strong>on</strong>ciati<strong>on</strong> et La Vierge en trône avec <strong>de</strong>s saints<br />

(Volterra, Pincoteca). Après la mort <strong>de</strong> Laurent le<br />

Magnifique en 1492 et la chute <strong>de</strong> Piero <strong>de</strong>’ Medici,<br />

Signorelli perd ses appuis et quitte la ville<br />

au profit <strong>de</strong> l’Ombrie, <strong>de</strong>s Marches et du couvent<br />

<strong>de</strong> M<strong>on</strong>te Oliveto près <strong>de</strong> Sienne où il peint <strong>de</strong>s<br />

fresques relatives à la vie <strong>de</strong> saint Benoît. Après ce<br />

cycle célèbre, complété par Giovanni Ant<strong>on</strong>io Bazzi,<br />

dit Le Sodoma, c’est principalement dans la ville<br />

d’Orvieto qu’il laissera ses grands chefs d’œuvre, à<br />

la chapelle <strong>de</strong> San Brizio ainsi qu’à Cort<strong>on</strong>e avec la<br />

Lamentati<strong>on</strong> <str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g> le Christ mort.<br />

Cette feuille spectaculaire fait partie <strong>de</strong>s rares <strong>de</strong>ssins<br />

<strong>de</strong> Signorelli encore en mains privées. Les œuvres<br />

graphiques <strong>de</strong> <strong>Luc</strong>a Signorelli s<strong>on</strong>t relativement peu<br />

ab<strong>on</strong>dantes dans les musées, par rapport aux f<strong>on</strong>ds<br />

d’autres artistes <strong>de</strong> la Renaissance. Les Offices possè<strong>de</strong>nt<br />

le groupe c<strong>on</strong>stitué le plus anciennement,<br />

envir<strong>on</strong> 14 œuvres provenant <strong>de</strong>s collecti<strong>on</strong>s médicéennes<br />

(incluant quelques feuilles <strong>de</strong>s élèves).<br />

Le Louvre en possè<strong>de</strong> moins d’une dizaine, acquis<br />

auprès <strong>de</strong> Baldinucci en 1806. Le British Museum<br />

en possè<strong>de</strong> une quinzaine, autrefois chez sir Thomas<br />

Lawrence pour certains ou dans la collecti<strong>on</strong><br />

Viti-Antaldi pour d’autres. On en trouve quelques<br />

autres disséminées dans différents musées, à Rotterdam,<br />

au Metropolitan Museum, au Nati<strong>on</strong>almuseum<br />

Stockholm, à Windsor Castle, à Bay<strong>on</strong>ne ou<br />

à Berlin. Elles s<strong>on</strong>t plus rares encore <str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g> le marché,<br />

qui en a vu passer moins d’une dizaine.<br />

Toutes ces œuvres, majoritairement <strong>de</strong>s étu<strong>de</strong>s <strong>de</strong><br />

figures, dém<strong>on</strong>trent que l’intérêt majeur <strong>de</strong> Signorelli<br />

en matière graphique est l’étu<strong>de</strong> <strong>de</strong> la forme<br />

humaine, sans préoccupati<strong>on</strong> pour s<strong>on</strong> envir<strong>on</strong>nepublic<br />

offices there, but this did not prevent him<br />

from <strong>de</strong>corating <strong>on</strong>e of the sacristies – Sagrestia <strong>de</strong>lla<br />

Cura – in the Santa Casa di Loreto, the Holy House<br />

of Loreto. Invited to participate in the grand Sistine<br />

Chapel project, Signorelli went to Rome where he<br />

remained for a few years and produced the Testament<br />

and Death of Moses with Bartolomeo <strong>de</strong>lla Gatta.<br />

Around 1490, at the height of his artistic abilities<br />

with his career growing in strength, Signorelli found<br />

himself in Florence where he came into c<strong>on</strong>tact<br />

with the Florentine Neoplat<strong>on</strong>ic Aca<strong>de</strong>my. It was<br />

here that he painted the famous Educati<strong>on</strong> of Pan<br />

(formerly in Berlin, at the Kaiser Friedrich Museum,<br />

<strong>de</strong>stroyed in 1945) and Mad<strong>on</strong>na and Child with<br />

Ignudi (Florence, Uffizi Gallery) commissi<strong>on</strong>ed<br />

by either Lorenzo the Magnificent or his cousin<br />

Lorenzo di Pierfrancesco, an enlightened patr<strong>on</strong> and<br />

the sp<strong>on</strong>sor of Botticelli’s Spring. In the same year in<br />

Volterra, another city un<strong>de</strong>r Medici rule, Signorelli<br />

painted The Circumcisi<strong>on</strong> to which the present<br />

drawing is related and also The Annunciati<strong>on</strong> and The<br />

Virgin Enthr<strong>on</strong>ed with Saints (Volterra, Pinacoteca).<br />

After the <strong>de</strong>ath of Lorenzo the Magnificent in 1492<br />

and the fall of Piero <strong>de</strong>’ Medici, Signorelli’s support<br />

in Florence waned and he left the city for Umbria,<br />

Marche and the c<strong>on</strong>vent of M<strong>on</strong>te Oliveto near<br />

Siena where he painted frescoes of scenes from the<br />

life of Saint Benedict. Following this famous cycle,<br />

which was later completed by Giovanni Ant<strong>on</strong>io<br />

Bazzi, better known as Il Sodoma, Signorelli left<br />

most of his great masterpieces in the city of Orvieto<br />

in the chapel of San Brizio, and in Cort<strong>on</strong>a, where<br />

he painted the Lamentati<strong>on</strong> over the Dead Christ.<br />

This spectacular sheet is <strong>on</strong>e of the few Signorelli<br />

drawings still in private hands. Signorelli’s graphic<br />

works are relatively rare in comparis<strong>on</strong> to museum<br />

holdings of other Renaissance artists. The Uffizi<br />

possesses the earliest assembled group: nearly 14<br />

works from the Medici collecti<strong>on</strong>s (including some<br />

sheets by his stu<strong>de</strong>nts). The Louvre owns less than a<br />

dozen drawings acquired from Baldinucci in 1806.<br />

There are nearly 15 sheets in the British Museum,<br />

some of which were formerly in Sir Thomas<br />

Lawrence’s collecti<strong>on</strong> and some in the Viti-Antaldi<br />

collecti<strong>on</strong>. A few other works are scattered across<br />

various museums, such as the Rotterdam museum,<br />

the Metropolitan Museum, the Nati<strong>on</strong>al Museum<br />

of Stockholm, Windsor Castle, and the museums of<br />

Bay<strong>on</strong>ne and Berlin. They are even har<strong>de</strong>r to find <strong>on</strong><br />

the art market, where <strong>on</strong>ly ten works have <str<strong>on</strong>g>sur</str<strong>on</strong>g>faced.<br />

All these works that are mostly figure studies, prove<br />

8

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