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Time&Eternity

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notes to chapter 2 269<br />

198. Ibid., 73f.; trans., 66f.<br />

199. “.l.l. nichts anderes als Vorwegnahme des Endes in der Gegenwart,” ibid., 78;<br />

trans., 72.<br />

200. Ibid.<br />

201. “Es handelt sich also nicht um ein Mitherrschen des Gläubigen über die Zeit,”<br />

ibid., 80; trans., 76.<br />

202. Cullmann’s concept of time is a good example of what Michael Welker calls “the<br />

totalization and unification of time” (“God’s <strong>Eternity</strong>, God’s Temporality, and Trinitarian<br />

Theology,” Theology Today 55 [H. 3]: 321). In agreement with Welker and Dalferth, I find it<br />

more appropriate to start with multi-temporality.<br />

203. Cullmann, Christus und die Zeit, 61; trans., 52.<br />

204. Ibid., 59f.; trans., 49f.<br />

205. Ibid., 45; trans., 32.<br />

206. Ibid., 75; trans., 69.<br />

207. Ibid., 19; trans., 9.<br />

208. Cullmann, Heil als Geschichte, 107; trans., 120; see also the foreword, esp. viii–ix.<br />

Against the backdrop of a more or less statically conceived dogmatics, Cullmann’s models<br />

signify considerable dynamism. They remain, however, removed from nature and closed to<br />

the dialectic of repetition and uniqueness. Cf. in this regard the attempt, from an Asian<br />

perspective, to express both direction and regularity in the model of history as ascending<br />

spiral, without pitting history and nature against each other in the process (Koyama,<br />

“Wird Gott vom Monsunregen naß?”).<br />

209. Cullmann, Christus und die Zeit, 69; trans., 62; 75, trans., 69.<br />

210. “Wir müssen also alle solche Erklärungen als unangemessen verwerfen, welche<br />

nur die Schranken der Zeit, nicht die Zeit selbst, für Gott aufheben und welche den<br />

Begriff der Ewigkeit aus dem der Zeitlichkeit, dessen Gegenteil er doch ist, durch<br />

Entschränkung bilden wollen.” Schleiermacher, Der christliche Glaube, 269f. (§ 52,2);<br />

trans., The Christian Faith.<br />

211. Cullmann, Christus und die Zeit, 19; trans., 13.<br />

212. “.l.l. das Mittel ist, dessen Gott sich bedient, um sein Gnadenwirken zu offenbaren,”<br />

ibid., 60; trans., 51.<br />

213. The critical reception of Christus und die Zeit did not always pay due attention to<br />

the problems linked to Cullmann’s concept of time. Bultmann (“Heilsgeschichte und<br />

Geschichte”), e.g., questions Cullmann’s use of the concepts history, revelation, faith, salvation,<br />

world, sin, justification, etc., and complains that the Christian philosophy of history<br />

that Cullmann outlines is “nothing other than Jewish apocalyptic speculation that has<br />

been modified merely by shifting the ‘center’ backwards” [nichts anderes als die jüdischapokalyptische<br />

Spekulation, modifiziert nur dadurch, daß sich die “Mitte” nach rückwärts<br />

verschoben hat]—mixed with a shot of gnosticism. Finally, Bultmann disapproves of Cullmann’s<br />

lack of awareness of problems related to the temporality of eschatological being (=<br />

the life of the believer in faith); but, at this point, he does not criticize the crux of Cullmann’s<br />

concept of time.<br />

214. “.l.l. er hat die Zeit in die Seele verlegt, um die Seele aus ihrer Veräußerlichung<br />

und Zerstreuung in die Welt heimzuholen,” Quispel, “Zeit und Geschichte,” 133; similar<br />

also, Duchrow, “Der sogenannte psychologische Zeitbegriff,” 279.<br />

215. See, e.g., the detailed study by Flasch (Was ist Zeit?) on the eleventh book of the<br />

Confessions.<br />

216. Manzke, Ewigkeit und Zeitlichkeit, 259–365; on the question of relationality, see<br />

261, 336, and 349ff. (eternity as a relational attribute of God). In his chapter on the Augustinian<br />

doctrine of time, Manzke draws from De immortalitate animae, De musica, the two

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