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To analyse appropriation strategies in a retail setting, the study took place in the women’s clothing area of a hypermarket. Non participant and hidden observation allowed us to collect information on 99 shopping trips of different persons. The observation began when an adult woman, alone or accompanied, entered the zone. Her route and actions were registered on the map of the store. Semiotic, and more specifically the semiotic square, was used to analyse the information. Following Semprini (1990), we first carried out an analysis of the form of behaviour to distinguish strategies and then, on the basis of this analysis, interpret their meanings. Every shopping trip observed is a combination of a limited number of appropriation practices (see chart 1). Figure 1. Elements of a shopping trip Movement Walking straight Turning Turning around Stopping Gestual activity Basic gesture Touching Visual activity Basic visual activity Return to movement or Visual activity Basic visual activity Location search Looking at a particular product Looking at a group of products To look a product on oneself Looking at the label Looking and comparing different products Gestual activity Basic gesture Touching a product Examining a product Taking and lifting a product Leaning back a product S hi i h h lf Walking Stopping 150
Two key moments of a shopping trip are stopping and walking. In each of these moments, specific appropriation practices take place. Their combinations define three types of stopping and four types of walking (see table 4), with an underlying fundamental and gradual opposition between continuity and discontinuity. For example, “walking” means following the flow of movement whereas “stopping” is a break in the movement. Continuous stopping (cS): the shopper looks at the products, touches a product, look at the label Non-discontinuous stopping (ndS): the shopper examines a product, takes and lifts a product, search in the shelf, leaves back a product, compares products, takes a product off its hanger. The shoppers does not repeat the actions. Discontinuous stopping (dS) : the shopper repeats once or more the following actions: examines a product, takes and lifts a product, search in the shelf, leaves back a product, compares products, takes a product off its hanger. Continuous walking (cW) : some stoppings (max three), some turns, no turnarounds. Non continuous walking (ncW) : several spread out stoppings, several turns, few turnarounds ; Non discontinuous walking (ndW) : concentrated stoppings, possibly one or two stoppings outside the concentration zone, few turns, turnarounds can be numerous ; Discontinuous walking (dW) : numerous stoppings, repeated turns and turnarounds. Table 4. Definitions of stoppings and walking types The combination of these types of stopping and these types of walking define four Types of walking/ Types of stoppings cW ncW ndW dW CS Continuity Non-continuity Non-discontinuity Non-continuity NdS Non-discontinuity Non-continuity (one or two ndS) Non-discontinuity Discontinuity Discontinuity more ndS) (three or DS Non-discontinuity Discontinuity Non-discontinuity Discontinuity strategies: continuous, discontinuous, non-continuous, non-discontinuous (see table 5). Tableau 5. Appropriation strategies as combinations between stopping and walking Once the strategies identified, we have to interpret their meanings (see chart 2). The continuity strategy is the simplest one. Typically, the route is a straight line connecting two points outside the women’s clothing area. For example, the shopper went from the central aisle to the bakery or men’s clothing zone. The exploration of the area is minimised. The shopper rejects both the environment offer and the product offer of the store. The experience created is interpreted as utilitarian in the sense that the aim of the route is to go elsewhere than the women’s clothing area. We called this behaviour a “going by” utilitarian shopping trip. 151
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Volume 2 Contents: A Global Examina
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A Global Examination Of Relationshi
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and to measure them simultaneously
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customers’ total consumption expe
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From product perceived quality towa
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cumulative, or a combination of the
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trust4 -.68 commit1 .59 commit2 .51
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we observed that the least correlat
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outside of the consumption experien
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REFERENCES Anderson Eugene W., Forn
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Holbrook Morris B. Consumer Value:
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APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM
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An Empirical Examination of Retail
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This paper is organized in the foll
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Human and cognitive effort has been
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham (2000)
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The four dimensions of retail conve
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2000). In-store shoppers receive th
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process resulted in slightly differ
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examine the dimensionality of these
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham’s (20
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used, and the respondents were all
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Enis BM, Roering KJ. Product classi
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Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
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Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
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Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
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Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
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and Novak, 1996; Hammond, McWilliam
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and Hirschman, 1982, p 132). These
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interpretations of, all factors par
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the hedonic aspects of the online s
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satisfaction (Oliver, 1980; Westbro
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H6). It involves performing a multi
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Differences between the “shopping
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(Hypothesis 5) and online shopping
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demonstrates the importance of meas
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Dabholkar, Pratibha A. Incorporatin
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Mano Haim Elliott Michael T. Smart
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Zeithaml V., Parasuraman A. Malhotr
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1. Introduction Like inseparability
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specific attributes. Dealing with p
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2.2. Perceived Difficulty of Evalua
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and mentally intangible a product/s
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2.4.1. Knowledge and Intangibility
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category, we included both generic
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goods exhibit higher levels of phys
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5.1. Intangibility: Brand and Gener
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greater involvement with the purcha
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with generality, may also affect co
Page 100 and 101: Berry LL, Clark T. Four ways to mak
Page 102 and 103: Laroche M, Bergeron J, Goutaland C.
Page 104 and 105: Questionnair es Questionnaire 1 Que
Page 106 and 107: Table 3 Results of factor analysis
Page 108 and 109: Table 4 Summary of results 108
Page 110 and 111: Table 5 Stepwise multiple regressio
Page 112 and 113: Table 8 Stepwise multiple regressio
Page 114 and 115: 114
Page 116 and 117: Intangibility Physical intangibilit
Page 118 and 119: net income of 94% and 119%, respect
Page 120 and 121: this, it is not surprising that eBa
Page 122 and 123: frequently referred to as feedback
Page 124 and 125: An auction participants’ feedback
Page 126 and 127: The objective of study one was to i
Page 128 and 129: excerpts that were selected and fus
Page 130 and 131: Consumers believed that sellers wit
Page 132 and 133: negative feedback could be me,” a
Page 134 and 135: idder should read the praises too b
Page 136 and 137: first study focused on one class of
Page 138 and 139: Rothkopf, Joydeep Srivastava, Rami
Page 140 and 141: Industrial Economics. 50:3. 337-349
Page 142 and 143: http://www.laxshopper.com/index.htm
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Page 146 and 147: Firstly, the consumer is supposed t
Page 148 and 149: For the psycho-sociology of environ
Page 152 and 153: The second strategy is the most ela
Page 154 and 155: From the appropriation perspective
Page 156 and 157: To test these hypotheses we selecte
Page 158 and 159: Glace Glace Chart 4. Spatial config
Page 160 and 161: Chart 5b. Spatial configuration of
Page 162 and 163: No differences between the three di
Page 164 and 165: appropriation strategies adopted by
Page 166 and 167: A matrix of space management can th
Page 168 and 169: Holbrook M.B. (1999), Introduction
Page 170 and 171: Asymmetric Quality Tier Competition
Page 172 and 173: Wisniewski (1989) proposed a theory
Page 174 and 175: alternatives prior to the choice de
Page 176 and 177: decrease in tradeoff when L reduces
Page 178 and 179: As Bronnenberg and Wathieu (1996) u
Page 180 and 181: Those conceptually based utility fu
Page 182 and 183: ecent existing research (Sivakumar
Page 184 and 185: increased by 10% (conceptually the
Page 186 and 187: REFERENCES Allenby GM. A unified ap
Page 188 and 189: Table 1. Estimation Results _______
Page 190 and 191: Q U A L I T a H H’ x b PRICE 190
Page 192 and 193: MODELING THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ATM
Page 194 and 195: Eroglu et al (2001) proposed a typo
Page 196 and 197: playfulness (enjoy visiting Web sit
Page 198 and 199: H2: When consumers surf the Web, th
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significantly explain attitude towa
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Involvement toward an ad based on v
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usefulness and the resourcefulness
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3.2.2.2. Involvement The final comp
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environmental cues on purchase beha
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6. Test of Hypotheses [Insert table
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Cacioppo, Schumann, 1983; Petty and
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Pelsmacker et al, 1998). ATTI is li
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improvements are brought into navig
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Cho, C.H.: How Advertising Works on
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Liu, C. and Arnett, K.P. Exploring
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Rose, G., Khoo, H. and Straub, D.W.
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Table 1: Results of Confirmatory Fa
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Table 2: Full Structural Model Fit
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EXPB� INV H7b NS 0.080 0.062 0.00
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230
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MAPPING RETAILING ENTREPRENEUR DECI
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Attempts to use a framework to find
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attempts resulting in failure are n
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included in this sentence would be
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Detailed causal maps are needed in
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Start-up. Details of the stream of
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more successful when they avoid big
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Axelrod, Robert (1976), "The Cognit
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1. Brian Shore starts several + 2.
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+ 1. B.S. ‘Maximizes use of fryin
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degree of importance consumers plac
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initial use of the word “convenie
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In the decision-making process, tim
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at home 24 hr/7 days a week (Hofack
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Figure 1 about here ---------------
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the organization and design of the
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ehavior courses participated as bot
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convenience is different for the tw
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should seek to establish a similar
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obtained a small sample size of onl
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Dunn DT, Thomas CA, Lubawski JL. Pi
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Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
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Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
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Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
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Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
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Customer-to-customer interaction is
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Second, we need to find out the opt
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esponse to the behavior of other cu
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ewards (Swinyard 1993). A customer
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Values may be defined as beliefs th
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find out the optimal combination of
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Taguchi recommends the use of signa
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epresent higher tolerance of incomp
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estaurant where they can escape inc
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Three significant interaction terms
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McGrath, Mary Ann, Otnes, Cele, (19
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Table…2 Tests of Between-Subjects
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Figure…2 (a) Combination of L4 Ta
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