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+ 1. B.S. ‘Maximizes use of frying oil to reduce 8. Some wholesalers drop product due to falling sales m 9. B.S. continues to look for expansion in Ontario m 2. No testing done on oil quality + + 13. Sales drop further a + 7. Millie’s sales drop dramatically a 3. Millie’s chips became interestingly greasy 250 6. Government introduces new sales tax on snack food 10. 11. B.S. meets + Miles several + Tentative m agreement times to act as Ontario broker reached: Miles to be broker m + + 14. Touche Ross appointed to be receiver of Millie’s: Millie’s bankrupt Figure 4 Cause Map, Stage 3, Demise + 4. Sales start to decline in June 1987 5. Price war starts among 3 large national competitors 12. B.S. stops returning Miles’ phone calls m
An Empirical Examination of Retail Convenience for In-Store and Online Shoppers Nicole Ponder, Mississippi State University Michelle Bednarz, Mississippi State University Abstract: In this study, we develop and assess multidimensional scales of retail convenience for in-store and online shoppers. Principal components analysis and confirmatory factor analysis reveal five dimensions of retail convenience for in-store shoppers, and four dimensions of retail convenience for online shoppers. Analysis of variance results indicate that online shoppers benefit more from access convenience and search convenience than in-store shoppers. Implications for retailers and areas for future research are also addressed. Introduction The concept of convenience has been an important topic in marketing for a time period spanning approximately 80 years (Copeland 1923; Gardner 1945; Kelley 1958; Brown 1989, 1990; Seiders, Berry, and Gresham 2000; Berry, Seiders, and Grewal 2002). However, much of this research focuses on convenience goods, rather than convenience as a benefit realized by the consumer. Because today’s consumer is more time-starved than ever, it is appropriate to more carefully consider convenience as a concept of utmost importance. Foote (1963) characterized the consumer of the future (in the year 2000) as one whose primary constraints are no longer money, but time and learning. His prediction is correct. Today’s consumers consider the resource of time as valuable as money (if not more valuable). Bhatnagar, Misra, and Rao (2000, p.98) confirm this by stating that “the consumer maximizes his utility subject to not only income constrains but also time constraints.” As time becomes a more valuable consumer resource, convenience also provides added <strong>value</strong>. Michael J. Sansolo, senior vice-president at the Food Marketing Institute, illustrates the 251
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Volume 2 Contents: A Global Examina
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A Global Examination Of Relationshi
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and to measure them simultaneously
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customers’ total consumption expe
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From product perceived quality towa
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cumulative, or a combination of the
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trust4 -.68 commit1 .59 commit2 .51
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we observed that the least correlat
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outside of the consumption experien
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REFERENCES Anderson Eugene W., Forn
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Holbrook Morris B. Consumer Value:
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APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM
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An Empirical Examination of Retail
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This paper is organized in the foll
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Human and cognitive effort has been
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham (2000)
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The four dimensions of retail conve
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2000). In-store shoppers receive th
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process resulted in slightly differ
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examine the dimensionality of these
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham’s (20
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used, and the respondents were all
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Enis BM, Roering KJ. Product classi
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Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
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Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
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Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
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Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
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and Novak, 1996; Hammond, McWilliam
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and Hirschman, 1982, p 132). These
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interpretations of, all factors par
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the hedonic aspects of the online s
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satisfaction (Oliver, 1980; Westbro
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H6). It involves performing a multi
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Differences between the “shopping
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(Hypothesis 5) and online shopping
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demonstrates the importance of meas
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Dabholkar, Pratibha A. Incorporatin
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Mano Haim Elliott Michael T. Smart
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Zeithaml V., Parasuraman A. Malhotr
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1. Introduction Like inseparability
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specific attributes. Dealing with p
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2.2. Perceived Difficulty of Evalua
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and mentally intangible a product/s
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2.4.1. Knowledge and Intangibility
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category, we included both generic
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goods exhibit higher levels of phys
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5.1. Intangibility: Brand and Gener
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greater involvement with the purcha
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with generality, may also affect co
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Berry LL, Clark T. Four ways to mak
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Laroche M, Bergeron J, Goutaland C.
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Questionnair es Questionnaire 1 Que
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Table 3 Results of factor analysis
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Table 4 Summary of results 108
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Table 5 Stepwise multiple regressio
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Table 8 Stepwise multiple regressio
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114
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Intangibility Physical intangibilit
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net income of 94% and 119%, respect
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this, it is not surprising that eBa
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frequently referred to as feedback
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An auction participants’ feedback
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The objective of study one was to i
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excerpts that were selected and fus
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Consumers believed that sellers wit
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negative feedback could be me,” a
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idder should read the praises too b
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first study focused on one class of
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Rothkopf, Joydeep Srivastava, Rami
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Industrial Economics. 50:3. 337-349
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http://www.laxshopper.com/index.htm
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144
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Firstly, the consumer is supposed t
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For the psycho-sociology of environ
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To analyse appropriation strategies
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The second strategy is the most ela
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From the appropriation perspective
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To test these hypotheses we selecte
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Glace Glace Chart 4. Spatial config
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Chart 5b. Spatial configuration of
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No differences between the three di
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appropriation strategies adopted by
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A matrix of space management can th
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Holbrook M.B. (1999), Introduction
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Asymmetric Quality Tier Competition
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Wisniewski (1989) proposed a theory
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alternatives prior to the choice de
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decrease in tradeoff when L reduces
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As Bronnenberg and Wathieu (1996) u
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Those conceptually based utility fu
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ecent existing research (Sivakumar
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increased by 10% (conceptually the
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REFERENCES Allenby GM. A unified ap
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Table 1. Estimation Results _______
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Q U A L I T a H H’ x b PRICE 190
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MODELING THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ATM
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Eroglu et al (2001) proposed a typo
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playfulness (enjoy visiting Web sit
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H2: When consumers surf the Web, th
Page 200 and 201: significantly explain attitude towa
Page 202 and 203: Involvement toward an ad based on v
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Page 206 and 207: 3.2.2.2. Involvement The final comp
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Page 210 and 211: 6. Test of Hypotheses [Insert table
Page 212 and 213: Cacioppo, Schumann, 1983; Petty and
Page 214 and 215: Pelsmacker et al, 1998). ATTI is li
Page 216 and 217: improvements are brought into navig
Page 218 and 219: Cho, C.H.: How Advertising Works on
Page 220 and 221: Liu, C. and Arnett, K.P. Exploring
Page 222 and 223: Rose, G., Khoo, H. and Straub, D.W.
Page 224 and 225: Table 1: Results of Confirmatory Fa
Page 226 and 227: Table 2: Full Structural Model Fit
Page 228 and 229: EXPB� INV H7b NS 0.080 0.062 0.00
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Page 232 and 233: MAPPING RETAILING ENTREPRENEUR DECI
Page 234 and 235: Attempts to use a framework to find
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Page 240 and 241: Detailed causal maps are needed in
Page 242 and 243: Start-up. Details of the stream of
Page 244 and 245: more successful when they avoid big
Page 246 and 247: Axelrod, Robert (1976), "The Cognit
Page 248 and 249: 1. Brian Shore starts several + 2.
Page 252 and 253: degree of importance consumers plac
Page 254 and 255: initial use of the word “convenie
Page 256 and 257: In the decision-making process, tim
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Page 260 and 261: Figure 1 about here ---------------
Page 262 and 263: the organization and design of the
Page 264 and 265: ehavior courses participated as bot
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Page 268 and 269: should seek to establish a similar
Page 270 and 271: obtained a small sample size of onl
Page 272 and 273: Dunn DT, Thomas CA, Lubawski JL. Pi
Page 274 and 275: Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
Page 276 and 277: Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
Page 278 and 279: Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
Page 280 and 281: Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
Page 282 and 283: Customer-to-customer interaction is
Page 284 and 285: Second, we need to find out the opt
Page 286 and 287: esponse to the behavior of other cu
Page 288 and 289: ewards (Swinyard 1993). A customer
Page 290 and 291: Values may be defined as beliefs th
Page 292 and 293: find out the optimal combination of
Page 294 and 295: Taguchi recommends the use of signa
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Three significant interaction terms
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McGrath, Mary Ann, Otnes, Cele, (19
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Table…2 Tests of Between-Subjects
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Figure…2 (a) Combination of L4 Ta
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