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MAPPING RETAILING ENTREPRENEUR DECISIONS AND BEHAVIOR In the early 1970's Mintzberg (1973) asked an important question on strategymaking: how do organizations make important decisions and link them together to form strategies? Based on a review of the available literature he concluded that little systematic evidence exists about this important process, known in business as strategy-making and in government as policy-making. Fortunately, since the early 1970's substantial advances have occurred in theoretical and empirical research on how and why strategy-making occurs. One research stream on strategy- making has been labeled the "emergent stream" approach (Nutt 1993), whereby the researcher collects field data on many strategymaking case studies and immerses in the raw data describing each case to find the key decision making activities (e.g., Mintzberg, Raisinghani, and Theoret 1976; Woodside and Vyas 1987). The emergent stream approach contributes substantially to our understanding of the linkages of decision-makers perceptions of environmental signals, events, decisions, and activities through time. A criticism of the emergent stream approach: the mass of detail makes it difficult to analyze the data. As a result, researchers using the emergent stream approach are forced to examine a limited number of cases, making generalizability of their conclusions suspect. "Researchers using a small case data base may fail to discover important action-taking steps or fail to recognize the idiosyncratic nature of the steps that are discovered" (Nutt 1993, p. 228). 232
Applications of causal mapping are a second research stream on strategy-making. Causal mapping is a form of content analysis that isolates the key assertions within a document, such as a detailed case research report; the content analysis includes proposing linkages of causality among signals, events, decisions, and activities (e.g., Fahey and Narayanan 1989; Cossette 1992; Barr, Stimpert, &Huff 1992; Jenkins & Huff 2002). Causal mapping studies have produced many linkages of observations -> insights -> propositions, for example, such maps indicate that (1) both successful and unsuccessful firms quickly notice environment signals but (2) respond to these signals very differently (two research findings that also serve as insights into success and failure, and well as theoretical propositions for future research). Calm mapping results indicate that leaders in failing firms fail to change their beliefs, focus, and ways of behaving during courses of protracted downward spirals, while leaders in firms able to adapt to new environments do make such transformations (cf. Barr et al. 1992, p. 34); the implication of these results to entrepreneurial strategy-making may be that leaders in new ventures may need to transform themselves and adopt new modes of strategy making (adaptive or planning rather than entrepreneurial) when their enterprises passes out of the start-up phase into growth, maturity, and renewal phases. Back in 1973, this point was emphasized by Mintzberg for the planning mode of strategy-making, "Planning is not a panacea for the problems of strategy-making." Some situations require little or no planning, such situations favor adaptive strategy-making; others require limited planning, such situations favor entrepreneurial strategy-making. 233
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Volume 2 Contents: A Global Examina
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A Global Examination Of Relationshi
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and to measure them simultaneously
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customers’ total consumption expe
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From product perceived quality towa
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cumulative, or a combination of the
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trust4 -.68 commit1 .59 commit2 .51
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we observed that the least correlat
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outside of the consumption experien
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REFERENCES Anderson Eugene W., Forn
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Holbrook Morris B. Consumer Value:
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APPENDIX 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE ITEM
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An Empirical Examination of Retail
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This paper is organized in the foll
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Human and cognitive effort has been
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham (2000)
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The four dimensions of retail conve
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2000). In-store shoppers receive th
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process resulted in slightly differ
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examine the dimensionality of these
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Seiders, Berry, and Gresham’s (20
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used, and the respondents were all
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Enis BM, Roering KJ. Product classi
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Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
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Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
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Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
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Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
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and Novak, 1996; Hammond, McWilliam
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and Hirschman, 1982, p 132). These
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interpretations of, all factors par
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the hedonic aspects of the online s
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satisfaction (Oliver, 1980; Westbro
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H6). It involves performing a multi
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Differences between the “shopping
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(Hypothesis 5) and online shopping
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demonstrates the importance of meas
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Dabholkar, Pratibha A. Incorporatin
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Mano Haim Elliott Michael T. Smart
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Zeithaml V., Parasuraman A. Malhotr
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1. Introduction Like inseparability
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specific attributes. Dealing with p
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2.2. Perceived Difficulty of Evalua
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and mentally intangible a product/s
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2.4.1. Knowledge and Intangibility
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category, we included both generic
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goods exhibit higher levels of phys
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5.1. Intangibility: Brand and Gener
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greater involvement with the purcha
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with generality, may also affect co
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Berry LL, Clark T. Four ways to mak
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Laroche M, Bergeron J, Goutaland C.
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Questionnair es Questionnaire 1 Que
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Table 3 Results of factor analysis
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Table 4 Summary of results 108
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Table 5 Stepwise multiple regressio
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Table 8 Stepwise multiple regressio
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114
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Intangibility Physical intangibilit
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net income of 94% and 119%, respect
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this, it is not surprising that eBa
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frequently referred to as feedback
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An auction participants’ feedback
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The objective of study one was to i
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excerpts that were selected and fus
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Consumers believed that sellers wit
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negative feedback could be me,” a
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idder should read the praises too b
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first study focused on one class of
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Rothkopf, Joydeep Srivastava, Rami
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Industrial Economics. 50:3. 337-349
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http://www.laxshopper.com/index.htm
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144
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Firstly, the consumer is supposed t
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For the psycho-sociology of environ
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To analyse appropriation strategies
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The second strategy is the most ela
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From the appropriation perspective
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To test these hypotheses we selecte
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Glace Glace Chart 4. Spatial config
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Chart 5b. Spatial configuration of
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No differences between the three di
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appropriation strategies adopted by
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A matrix of space management can th
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Holbrook M.B. (1999), Introduction
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Asymmetric Quality Tier Competition
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Wisniewski (1989) proposed a theory
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alternatives prior to the choice de
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decrease in tradeoff when L reduces
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As Bronnenberg and Wathieu (1996) u
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Those conceptually based utility fu
Page 182 and 183: ecent existing research (Sivakumar
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Page 186 and 187: REFERENCES Allenby GM. A unified ap
Page 188 and 189: Table 1. Estimation Results _______
Page 190 and 191: Q U A L I T a H H’ x b PRICE 190
Page 192 and 193: MODELING THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ATM
Page 194 and 195: Eroglu et al (2001) proposed a typo
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Page 198 and 199: H2: When consumers surf the Web, th
Page 200 and 201: significantly explain attitude towa
Page 202 and 203: Involvement toward an ad based on v
Page 204 and 205: usefulness and the resourcefulness
Page 206 and 207: 3.2.2.2. Involvement The final comp
Page 208 and 209: environmental cues on purchase beha
Page 210 and 211: 6. Test of Hypotheses [Insert table
Page 212 and 213: Cacioppo, Schumann, 1983; Petty and
Page 214 and 215: Pelsmacker et al, 1998). ATTI is li
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Page 218 and 219: Cho, C.H.: How Advertising Works on
Page 220 and 221: Liu, C. and Arnett, K.P. Exploring
Page 222 and 223: Rose, G., Khoo, H. and Straub, D.W.
Page 224 and 225: Table 1: Results of Confirmatory Fa
Page 226 and 227: Table 2: Full Structural Model Fit
Page 228 and 229: EXPB� INV H7b NS 0.080 0.062 0.00
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Page 234 and 235: Attempts to use a framework to find
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Page 240 and 241: Detailed causal maps are needed in
Page 242 and 243: Start-up. Details of the stream of
Page 244 and 245: more successful when they avoid big
Page 246 and 247: Axelrod, Robert (1976), "The Cognit
Page 248 and 249: 1. Brian Shore starts several + 2.
Page 250 and 251: + 1. B.S. ‘Maximizes use of fryin
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Page 256 and 257: In the decision-making process, tim
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Page 260 and 261: Figure 1 about here ---------------
Page 262 and 263: the organization and design of the
Page 264 and 265: ehavior courses participated as bot
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Page 268 and 269: should seek to establish a similar
Page 270 and 271: obtained a small sample size of onl
Page 272 and 273: Dunn DT, Thomas CA, Lubawski JL. Pi
Page 274 and 275: Table 1 Dimensions of Convenience G
Page 276 and 277: Table 3 Retail Convenience Scale Re
Page 278 and 279: Table 5 Correlations, Means, and St
Page 280 and 281: Error! Figure 1 Retail Convenience
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Customer-to-customer interaction is
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Second, we need to find out the opt
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esponse to the behavior of other cu
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ewards (Swinyard 1993). A customer
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Values may be defined as beliefs th
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find out the optimal combination of
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Taguchi recommends the use of signa
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epresent higher tolerance of incomp
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estaurant where they can escape inc
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Three significant interaction terms
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McGrath, Mary Ann, Otnes, Cele, (19
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Table…2 Tests of Between-Subjects
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Figure…2 (a) Combination of L4 Ta
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