Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

3091 Fig 118 SF MID 690, A2679 L263. Demolition debris. Period
3. Diameter of head 8.0mm. Rectangular section shaft,
bent. Length approximately 13.0mm. An upholstery nail.
Fig 118 Copper-alloy nails with a convex head (1:1)
Miscellaneous nails (Fig 119; 3092-3094)
3092 Fig 119 SF BKC 1496(C), E747 L217. Make-up. Period 3b.
This nail is either headless (and therefore a brad) or its head
has broken off. The shaft varies in section from circular at
the top to rectangular at the tip. Length 20.0mm.
3093 Fig 119 SF BKC 1902(C), E1203 F316. Daub wall. Period 1 b.
Nail with a pyramidal head, 8.0 by 10.0mm. The incomplete
circular section shaft is either clenched or bent. Length
approximately 31.0mm.
Fig 119 Miscellaneous copper-alloy nails (1:1)
COPPER-ALLOY STUDS
Studs with a flat head (Fig 120; 3095-3137). The
concentric mouldings and slightly down-turned rim
on many studs with a flat head were, as well as being
decorative, designed to provide extra grip on the
surface, presumably leather, into which they were
set.
3096 Fig 120 SF LWC 684(C), B293. Topsoil. Post-Roman. A stud
with an originally flat head, now curved as if it has been bent
over a strip of wood. Diameter of head 26.5 mm. Square
section shaft. Length 13.5 mm.
3098 Fig 120 SF LWC 1078(C), C413. Make-up. Period 3b. A stud
with an originally flat head. On the undersurface are two
slight concentric convex mouldings. Diameter of head
21.0mm. Square section shaft, incomplete. Length 7.0mm.
3100 Fig 120 SF LWC 3240(C), J813. Make-up. Period 4a. On the
undersurface is a single concentric convex moulding and
the rim is turned down. Diameter 15.5 mm. Square section
shaft, incomplete. Length 5.0mm.
3101 Fig 120 SF LWC 3155(C), J927. Make-up. Period 4a. A stud
head with a very slight convex moulding atthe rim. Diameter
18.0mm.
3105 Fig 120SF LWC 3733(C), K441. Period 4b or 3. The head is
slightly convex at the centre. Diameter 29.5 mm. Square
section shaft. Length 6.5 mm.
3110 Fig 120 SF BKC 2649, H63 F28. Sand pit. Period 6. The head
is folded upwards in half. There is a slight moulding, flattopped,
on the undersurface near the rim. Diameter
28.5mm. Rectangular section shaft. Length 10.0mm.
116
3111 Fig 120 SF BKC 3339(C), J188 F34. Pit. Period 5b (end).
Fragmented stud (one piece only is illustrated). The rim is
turned down and there is a concentric convex moulding,
hollow on the underside, midway between centre and rim.
Diameter 26.5 mm. Circular section shaft, incomplete.
Length 8.5 mm.
3117 Fig 120 SF BKC 4166(C), N119 F34. Pit. Period 5b1. A stud
with a riveted shaft. Diameter of head 23.5 mm. Circular
section shaft. Length 7.5 mm.
3124 Fig 120 SF BKC 4819. T564. Period 1 or 2. Part of the head is
missing. Diameter of head 11.0mm. Square section shaft.
Length 5.0mm.
3132 Fig 120 SF BUC 412, B1134 F149. Grave fill. Period 2.
Diameter of head 11.0mm. Square section shaft. Length
5.0mm.
3134 Fig 120 SF BUC 634, C1270 F57. Pit. Post-Roman. The rim
of this stud is turned down. Diameter 16.5 mm. Square
section shaft, incomplete. Length 5.0 mm.
Studs with a convex head (Fig 120; 3138-3216)
3138 Fig 120 SF LWC 672(C), A179, Make-up for mortar floor.
Period 4. A corroded stud head, with a small rim. Diameter
16.0mm.
3140 Fig 120 SF LWC 713, A235. Surface cleaning. Earlier than
Period 4. Stud with a high convex centre and rim. Diameter
22.5 mm. Square section shaft, incomplete. Length
11,0 mm. Similar to 3148 but without the flange.
3141 Fig 120 SF LWC 987, A363. Occupation debris from
industrial activity behind rampart. Period 1. A small plain
stud. Diameter of head 8.5 mm. Circular section shaft,
clenched. Length 11.5 mm.
3148 Fig 120 SF LWC 1044(C), C424. Make-up. ?Period 4. A stud
head in three fragments with high convex centre and
flanged convex rim. Diameter 25.5mm.
3149 Fig 120 SF LWC 1111(C), C459. Cultivated soil. Periods 2?,
3a? and 3b? A slightly damaged stud. Diameter of head
28.0mm. Square section shaft, bent. Length 11.0mm.
3151 Fig 120 SF LWC 1627(C), H8. Topsoil. Roman?/Anglo-
Saxon?/16th to 17th century? A stud with a head slightly
flattened on the top. Diameter 16.0mm. Square section
shaft. Length 27.0mm. Possibly post-Roman.
3152 Fig 120 SF LWC 2458, J409. Floor (?contaminated). Period
4. A small stud similar to 3151. Diameter of head 7.0mm.
Square section shaft, bent. Length 14.0mm.
3157 Fig 120 SF LWC 31 50(C), J914(F59 contaminated). Timberlined
drain. Period 4+. Diameter of head 26.0mm. Square
section shaft, incomplete. Length 9.0mm.
3159 Fig 120 SF LWC 3421(C), J1201. Make-up? Period 4a. The
head is damaged. Diameter 14.5 mm. Square section shaft,
incomplete, bent. Length 8.5 mm.
3160 Fig 120 SF LWC 3474(C), J1269. Make-up or dump. Period
1. A damaged composite stud with copper-alloy head, iron
shaft and ?lead filling. Similar to studs from the Butt Road
box(2179-82). Diameter of head 30.0mm. ?Square section
shaft, incomplete. Length 8.5 mm.
3161 Fig 120 SF LWC 3506(C), J1343 F465. Pit. Period 4? A thick
plano-convex stud head. Diameter 14.5mm.
3165 Fig 120 SF LWC 3914(C), R95 F24. Street. Period 2b.
Diameter of head 11.5 mm. Square section shaft, bent.
Length 23.0mm.
3168 Fig 120 SF BKC 2123(C), G10 L6. Clay' floor. Period 5a or 6.
A stud head or boss similar to 3148 but thicker. This may,
however, be a result of corrosion. Diameter 22.0mm.
3173 Fig 120 SF BKC 3718(C), J475. Unstratified. Diameter
22.5mm. Square section shaft, incomplete. Length
21.0mm.
3187 Fig 120 SF BKC 5201(C), V271 L46. Make-up? Period 5.
Similar to 3151. Diameter of head 19.5 mm. Square section
shaft, incomplete. Length 9.0mm.
3190 Fig 120 SF BKC 5253, V375 F198. Pit. Modern? A very small
stud. Diameter of head 4.0 mm. ?Square section shaft, bent.
Length 5.0mm.