Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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Illustrations 53 Earrings 54 Miscellaneous items of jewellery 55 Buckles and belt-plates 1 Colchester: locations of sites 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in graves in the Butt 2 Bow brooches: Group 1 Road cemeteries 3 Bow brooches: Group 2 57 Links from a ?chain mesh purse 4 Bow brooches: Group 4a 58 Combs 5 Bow brooches: Group 4b 59 Combs 6 Bow brooches: Group 5 60 Stirring rod fragments 7 Bow brooches: Group 5 unclassified 61 Mixing palettes 8 Bow brooches: Group 6 62 Nail-cleaners 9 Bow brooches: Group 7 63 Tweezers 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 64 Toilet spoons 11 Bow brooches: Group 9 65 Spoon-probes 12 Bow brooches: Group 10 66 Miscellaneous toilet instruments 13 Bow brooches: Group 11 67 Toilet sets 14 Plate brooches 68 Spatulas 15 Penannular brooches: Fowler Type A 69 Oculist's stamps 16 Penannular brooches: Fowler Type C 70 Needles 17 Bone hairpins: Type 1 71 Spindlewhorls 18 Bone hairpins: Type 2 72 Weaving tablet 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 73 Spoons 20 Bone hairpins: Type 4 74 Shale tray fragments 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 75 Sherds from shale vessels 22 Bone hairpins: Type 6 76 Sherds, handles, and other fittings from 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous types copper-alloy vessels 24 Jet hairpins 77 Gridiron 25 Glass hairpins 78 Quernstones 26 Metal hairpin: Type 1 79 Stone mortars and a fragment from a stone 27 Metal hairpins: Type 2 vessel 28 Metal hairpins: Type 3 80 Purbeck marble pestles 29 Metal hairpins: Type 4 81 Picture lamps 30 Metal hairpins: Type 5 82 Factory and open lamps, and others 31 Metal hairpins: miscellaneous types 83 'Rosette' lamps 32 Gadrooned beads 84 Lamp-hooks 33 Annular beads 85 Drop- and ring-handles from furniture 34 Disc and short beads 86 Fragments from copper-alloy items of 35 Standard beads furniture 36 Long beads 87 Bone and antler inlay 37 Other beads 88 Bone ?inlay 38 Decorated shale and jet armlets 89 Ring-keys 39 Bone armlet 90 Copper-alloy and iron fittings from the first 40 Early copper-alloy armlets Butt Road box 41 Wire and cable copper-alloy armlets 91 Theoretical reconstruction of the layout of the 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets copper-alloy fittings on the front of the first 43 Notched, toothed and crenellated copper- Butt Road box alloy armlets 92 Fittings from the second Butt Road box 44 Copper-alloy armlets with transverse 93 Other box fittings grooves, diagonal grooves, stamped 'S' and 94 Bone counters 'C decoration, and wave-crest decoration 95 Glass counters 45 Copper-alloy armlets with punched or raised 96 Pottery counters dots 97 Pottery counters 46 Hatched and bead-imitative copper-alloy 98 Pottery counter rough-outs armlets 99 Pierced pottery counters 47 Copper-alloy armlets with multiple motifs 100 Tile counters 48 Iron armlets 101 Stone counters 49 Shale and jet finger-rings 102 Dice 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorated, notched, 103 Balance arm crenellated, and grooved copper-alloy finger- 104 Steelyard arm and scale pan rings, and copper-alloy finger-rings with 105 Weights glass or enamel setting 106 Seal-boxes 51 Inscribed copper-alloy finger-ring 107 Stylus 52 White-metal and iron finger-rings 108 Hipposandal vii
109 Antler and bone cheekpieces from leather bits, copper-alloy terrets, harness mount, and cart fitting 110 One-piece bone and antler handles 111 Two-piece bone and antler handles 112 Copper-alloy handles 113 Knife blades 114 Hones 115 Various iron tools 116 Copper-alloy nails with a globular, bunshaped or biconical head 117 Copper-alloy nails with a flat head 118 Copper-alloy nails with a convex head 119 Miscellaneous copper-alloy nails 120 Copper-alloy studs with a flat or a convex head 121 Enamelled copper-alloy studs 122 Other decorated copper-alloy studs 123 Rivets 124 Bosses 125 Double-spiked loops 126 Double-spiked loops 127 Joiner's dogs 128 T-staple and ring-headed pin 129 Wall hook 130 Brackets or tie-strips 131 Hinge fittings 132 Collars and ferrule 133 Binding 134 Miscellaneous fittings 135 Lock-plate 136 Lock-bolts 137 Lock-pins 138 Latch-lifter 139 Tumbler lock lift keys 140 Tumbler lock slide keys 141 Lever lock keys 142 Key handle 143 Bells 144 Military belt and apron fittings from contexts dated 43 to 60/1 145 Fittings from laminated body armour from contexts dated 43 to 60/1 146 Shield binding 147 Shield boss 148 Scabbard mount, javelin head, and pickaxe sheath fitting 149 Cavalry harness strap-loops 150 Button-and-loop fastener 151 Military belt and apron fittings from contexts dated later than 60/1 152 Fittings from laminated body armour from contexts dated later than 60/1 153 Sword handle grip 154 Decorated front plate of an iron dagger scabbard 155 Spear head, ballista bolt-head, and turf-cutter 156 Cavalry harness pendant 157 Pendants, mounts and other fittings from 2nd- or 3rd-century armour 158 Scabbard chape and mount 159 Dagger? hilt-guard 160 Bone bow stiffener viii 161 Scales from cavalry scale armour 162 Rings from late Roman belts (possibly from the cingulum militare) 163 Phallic mounts 164 Fist and phallus amulets 165 Phallic amulets from Vaison and Colchester 166 Pipeclay bust 167 Fragments from Venus figurines 168 Figurine of Abundantia 169 Arm from a figurine 170 Figurine of Mercury 171 Bird figurines and an egg 172 Figurine of a sitting hound 173 Figurines of a turtle/tortoise, a snake's head, and a Pbird's foot 174 Bull figurine 175 Fragment of a jet hare 176 Fragment of a Ppigeon figurine 177 Ram figurine 178 Model (Pvotive) objects 179 Metal letters 180 Amulets 181 Iron coffin fittings from Butt Road 182 Antler offcuts or unfinished objects 183 Bone offcuts or unfinished objects 184 Worked tooth fragment 185 Worked bone from Balkerne Lane 186 Worked bone from Balkerne Lane 187 Lanceolate leaves with petioles from Butt Road 188 Lanceolate leaves without petioles from Butt Road 189 Other leaves from Butt Road 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road 191 Convex mounts from Butt Road 192 Miscellaneous mounts from Butt Road 193 Lathe-turned pegs from Butt Road 194 Double-ended ?pegs from Butt Road 195 Unfinished hairpin from Butt Road 196 Miscellaneous fragments from Butt Road 197 Rings 198 Chains 199 Bone ?pegs 200 Miscellaneous copper-alloy objects 201 Miscellaneous copper-alloy objects 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy objects 203 Miscellaneous copper-alloy objects 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy objects 205 Gold object 206 Miscellaneous iron objects 207 Miscellaneous lead objects 208 Miscellaneous lead objects 209 Miscellaneous bone objects 210 Miscellaneous bone objects 211 Antler object 212 Frit object
Page 1 and 2: COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
Page 3 and 4: © 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
Page 5 and 6: Colchester Archaeological Reports G
Page 7: Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
Page 11 and 12: For each site or area within a larg
Page 13 and 14: percentage into five groups: a) coi
Page 15 and 16: 18 Objects the function or identifi
Page 17 and 18: ow has knurled marginal grooves and
Page 19 and 20: Britain by the army of conquest, wh
Page 21 and 22: again into side-wings. The external
Page 23 and 24: Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
Page 25 and 26: Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
Page 27 and 28: Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
Page 29 and 30: worked bone and antler have been fo
Page 31 and 32: Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
Page 33 and 34: Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
Page 35 and 36: Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
Page 37 and 38: the size of the piece of jet used t
Page 39 and 40: Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
Page 41 and 42: Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
Page 43 and 44: usually of one division. It is impo
Page 45 and 46: ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
Page 47 and 48: Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
Page 49 and 50: Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
Page 51 and 52: Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
Page 53 and 54: applied horizontally. The S is made
Page 55 and 56: Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
Page 57 and 58: Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
Page 59 and 60:
IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
Page 61 and 62:
Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
Page 64 and 65:
CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
Page 66 and 67:
the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
Page 68 and 69:
Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
Page 70 and 71:
Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
Page 72 and 73:
The nail-cleaner and the third piec
Page 74 and 75:
CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
Page 76 and 77:
Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
Page 78 and 79:
CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 80 and 81:
semicircles of two concentric groov
Page 82 and 83:
handle would pass through the hole.
Page 84 and 85:
2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
Page 86 and 87:
Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
Page 88 and 89:
Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 90 and 91:
Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
Page 92 and 93:
Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 94 and 95:
have been broken, but used after th
Page 96 and 97:
tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98:
plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102:
Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104:
of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106:
Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109:
CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111:
WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113:
CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115:
CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117:
CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119:
attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121:
IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123:
2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125:
CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 126 and 127:
Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
Page 128 and 129:
laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131:
arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133:
MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135:
Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137:
CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139:
CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 140 and 141:
Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
Page 142 and 143:
slightly distorted belt-plate with
Page 144 and 145:
Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
Page 146 and 147:
on late Roman military belts. The s
Page 148 and 149:
LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
Page 150 and 151:
CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 152 and 153:
figures, such as the series of enam
Page 154 and 155:
seems to have been a realistically
Page 156 and 157:
Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
Page 158 and 159:
CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 160 and 161:
Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 162 and 163:
Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 164 and 165:
Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
Page 166 and 167:
Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
Page 168 and 169:
Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
Page 170 and 171:
CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 172 and 173:
Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
Page 174 and 175:
Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 176 and 177:
Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 178 and 179:
Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
Page 180 and 181:
Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
Page 182 and 183:
Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
Page 184 and 185:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
Page 186 and 187:
groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
Page 188 and 189:
OBJECT INDEX References are given t
Page 190 and 191:
INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
Page 192 and 193:
Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
Page 194 and 195:
CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
Page 196 and 197:
Type 60 The simplest and commonest
Page 198 and 199:
Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
Page 200 and 201:
Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
Page 202 and 203:
Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
Page 204 and 205:
HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
Page 206 and 207:
149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
Page 208 and 209:
186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
Page 210 and 211:
Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
Page 212 and 213:
Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
Page 214 and 215:
Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
Page 216 and 217:
Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
Page 218 and 219:
Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
Page 220 and 221:
Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
Page 222 and 223:
Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
Page 224 and 225:
Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
Page 226 and 227:
532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
Page 228 and 229:
561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
Page 230 and 231:
diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
Page 232 and 233:
diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
Page 234 and 235:
diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
Page 236 and 237:
1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
Page 238 and 239:
Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
Page 240 and 241:
thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
Page 242 and 243:
height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
Page 244 and 245:
1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
Page 246 and 247:
Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
Page 248 and 249:
1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
Page 250 and 251:
53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
Page 252 and 253:
joints fixed by a single copper-all
Page 254 and 255:
1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
Page 256 and 257:
Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
Page 258 and 259:
Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
Page 260 and 261:
Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
Page 262 and 263:
(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
Page 264 and 265:
BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
Page 266 and 267:
1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
Page 268 and 269:
In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
Page 270 and 271:
(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
Page 272 and 273:
Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
Page 274 and 275:
TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
Page 276 and 277:
1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
Page 278 and 279:
TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
Page 280 and 281:
CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
Page 282 and 283:
1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
Page 284 and 285:
SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
Page 286 and 287:
CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 288 and 289:
2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
Page 290 and 291:
LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
Page 292 and 293:
2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
Page 294 and 295:
(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
Page 296 and 297:
CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
Page 298 and 299:
natural bone surface, this shape co
Page 300 and 301:
formed by two converging strokes jo
Page 302 and 303:
Pottery counters Counters with a gr
Page 304 and 305:
abraded, especially the outer one.
Page 306 and 307:
2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
Page 308 and 309:
2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
Page 310 and 311:
2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
Page 312 and 313:
Counters with no abraded surface bu
Page 314 and 315:
2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
Page 316 and 317:
2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
Page 318 and 319:
counter is a rough. the graffito is
Page 320 and 321:
later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
Page 322 and 323:
(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
Page 324 and 325:
Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
Page 326 and 327:
Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
Page 328 and 329:
STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
Page 330 and 331:
Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
Page 332 and 333:
edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
Page 334 and 335:
2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
Page 336 and 337:
2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
Page 338 and 339:
2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
Page 340 and 341:
2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
Page 342 and 343:
edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
Page 344 and 345:
and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
Page 346 and 347:
fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
Page 348 and 349:
2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
Page 350 and 351:
Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
Page 352 and 353:
Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
Page 354 and 355:
2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
Page 356 and 357:
2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
Page 358 and 359:
One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
Page 360 and 361:
the remaining part. There are two r
Page 362 and 363:
(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
Page 364 and 365:
(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367:
2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
Page 368 and 369:
Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
Page 370 and 371:
With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
Page 372 and 373:
Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
Page 374 and 375:
Probably originally flat. the centr
Page 376 and 377:
The head is partly folded over. Dia
Page 378 and 379:
Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
Page 380 and 381:
3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
Page 382 and 383:
Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
Page 384 and 385:
Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
Page 386 and 387:
Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
Page 388 and 389:
Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
Page 390 and 391:
Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
Page 392 and 393:
Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
Page 394 and 395:
Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
Page 396 and 397:
Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
Page 398 and 399:
Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
Page 400 and 401:
All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
Page 402 and 403:
DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
Page 404 and 405:
In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
Page 406 and 407:
(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
Page 408 and 409:
BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
Page 410 and 411:
(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
Page 412 and 413:
Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
Page 414 and 415:
Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
Page 416 and 417:
Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
Page 418 and 419:
Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
Page 420 and 421:
Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423:
Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 424 and 425:
IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
Page 426 and 427:
Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
Page 428 and 429:
4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 432 and 433:
shaped section. Internal diameter 1
Page 434 and 435:
copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
Page 438 and 439:
(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
Page 440 and 441:
parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
Page 442 and 443:
Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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