Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2: The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester, 1971-9
Colchester Archaeological Reports General Editor: Philip Crummy Published by the Colchester Archaeological Trust Ltd Report 1: Aspects of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Colchester by Philip Crummy (CBA Research Report 39), 1981 ISBN 0 906780 06 3 Published 1981 jointly by the Colchester Archaeological Trust and the Council for British Archaeology, 112 Kennington Road, London SE11 6RE Reprinted 1995 by the Colchester Archaeological Trust Report 2: The Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester, 1971-9 by Nina Crummy, 1983, reprinted 1995 ISBN 0 9503727 3 0 Report 3: Excavations at Lion Walk, Balkrne Lane, and Middleborough, Colchester, Essex by Philip Crummy, 1984 ISBN 0 9503727 4 9 Report 4: The coins from excavations in Colchester, 1971-9 by Nina Crummy (ed), 1987 ISBN 0 9503727 6 5 Report 5: The post-Roman small finds from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 by Nina Crummy, 1988 ISBN 0 9503727 7 3 Report 6: Excavations at Culver Street, the Gilberd School, and miscellaneous sites in Colchester, 1971-85 by Philip Crummy, 1992 ISBN 0 9503727 9 X Report 7: Post-Roman pottery from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 by John Cotter forthcoming Report 8: Roman vessel glass from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 by H E M Cool and Jennifer Price, 1995 ISBN 0 897719 02 7 Report 9: Excavations of Roman and later cemeteries, churches and monastic sites in Colchester, 1971-88 by Nina Crummy, Philip Crummy, and Carl Crossan, 1993 ISBN 0 897719 01 9 Report 10: Roman pottery from excavations in Colchester 1971-85 by R P Symonds and S Wade (eds P Bidwell and A Croom) forthcoming Report 11 : Camulodunum 2 by C F C Hawkes and Philip Crummy, 1995 ISBN 0 897719 03 5 Report 12: Animal bone from excavations in Colchester, 1971-85 by Rosemary Luff, 1993 ISBN 0 897719 00 0
Page 1 and 2: COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
Page 3: © 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
Page 7 and 8: Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
Page 9 and 10: 109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
Page 11 and 12: For each site or area within a larg
Page 13 and 14: percentage into five groups: a) coi
Page 15 and 16: 18 Objects the function or identifi
Page 17 and 18: ow has knurled marginal grooves and
Page 19 and 20: Britain by the army of conquest, wh
Page 21 and 22: again into side-wings. The external
Page 23 and 24: Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
Page 25 and 26: Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
Page 27 and 28: Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
Page 29 and 30: worked bone and antler have been fo
Page 31 and 32: Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
Page 33 and 34: Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
Page 35 and 36: Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
Page 37 and 38: the size of the piece of jet used t
Page 39 and 40: Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
Page 41 and 42: Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
Page 43 and 44: usually of one division. It is impo
Page 45 and 46: ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
Page 47 and 48: Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
Page 49 and 50: Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
Page 51 and 52: Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
Page 53 and 54: applied horizontally. The S is made
Page 55 and 56:
Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
Page 57 and 58:
Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
Page 59 and 60:
IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
Page 61 and 62:
Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
Page 64 and 65:
CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
Page 66 and 67:
the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
Page 68 and 69:
Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
Page 70 and 71:
Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
Page 72 and 73:
The nail-cleaner and the third piec
Page 74 and 75:
CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
Page 76 and 77:
Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
Page 78 and 79:
CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 80 and 81:
semicircles of two concentric groov
Page 82 and 83:
handle would pass through the hole.
Page 84 and 85:
2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
Page 86 and 87:
Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
Page 88 and 89:
Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 90 and 91:
Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
Page 92 and 93:
Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 94 and 95:
have been broken, but used after th
Page 96 and 97:
tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98:
plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102:
Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104:
of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106:
Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109:
CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111:
WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113:
CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115:
CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117:
CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119:
attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121:
IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123:
2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125:
CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 126 and 127:
Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
Page 128 and 129:
laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131:
arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133:
MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135:
Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137:
CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139:
CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 140 and 141:
Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
Page 142 and 143:
slightly distorted belt-plate with
Page 144 and 145:
Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
Page 146 and 147:
on late Roman military belts. The s
Page 148 and 149:
LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
Page 150 and 151:
CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 152 and 153:
figures, such as the series of enam
Page 154 and 155:
seems to have been a realistically
Page 156 and 157:
Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
Page 158 and 159:
CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 160 and 161:
Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 162 and 163:
Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 164 and 165:
Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
Page 166 and 167:
Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
Page 168 and 169:
Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
Page 170 and 171:
CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 172 and 173:
Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
Page 174 and 175:
Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 176 and 177:
Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 178 and 179:
Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
Page 180 and 181:
Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
Page 182 and 183:
Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
Page 184 and 185:
BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
Page 186 and 187:
groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
Page 188 and 189:
OBJECT INDEX References are given t
Page 190 and 191:
INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
Page 192 and 193:
Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
Page 194 and 195:
CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
Page 196 and 197:
Type 60 The simplest and commonest
Page 198 and 199:
Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
Page 200 and 201:
Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
Page 202 and 203:
Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
Page 204 and 205:
HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
Page 206 and 207:
149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
Page 208 and 209:
186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
Page 210 and 211:
Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
Page 212 and 213:
Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
Page 214 and 215:
Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
Page 216 and 217:
Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
Page 218 and 219:
Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
Page 220 and 221:
Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
Page 222 and 223:
Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
Page 224 and 225:
Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
Page 226 and 227:
532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
Page 228 and 229:
561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
Page 230 and 231:
diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
Page 232 and 233:
diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
Page 234 and 235:
diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
Page 236 and 237:
1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
Page 238 and 239:
Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
Page 240 and 241:
thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
Page 242 and 243:
height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
Page 244 and 245:
1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
Page 246 and 247:
Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
Page 248 and 249:
1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
Page 250 and 251:
53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
Page 252 and 253:
joints fixed by a single copper-all
Page 254 and 255:
1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
Page 256 and 257:
Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
Page 258 and 259:
Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
Page 260 and 261:
Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
Page 262 and 263:
(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
Page 264 and 265:
BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
Page 266 and 267:
1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
Page 268 and 269:
In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
Page 270 and 271:
(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
Page 272 and 273:
Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
Page 274 and 275:
TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
Page 276 and 277:
1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
Page 278 and 279:
TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
Page 280 and 281:
CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
Page 282 and 283:
1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
Page 284 and 285:
SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
Page 286 and 287:
CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 288 and 289:
2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
Page 290 and 291:
LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
Page 292 and 293:
2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
Page 294 and 295:
(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
Page 296 and 297:
CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
Page 298 and 299:
natural bone surface, this shape co
Page 300 and 301:
formed by two converging strokes jo
Page 302 and 303:
Pottery counters Counters with a gr
Page 304 and 305:
abraded, especially the outer one.
Page 306 and 307:
2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
Page 308 and 309:
2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
Page 310 and 311:
2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
Page 312 and 313:
Counters with no abraded surface bu
Page 314 and 315:
2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
Page 316 and 317:
2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
Page 318 and 319:
counter is a rough. the graffito is
Page 320 and 321:
later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
Page 322 and 323:
(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
Page 324 and 325:
Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
Page 326 and 327:
Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
Page 328 and 329:
STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
Page 330 and 331:
Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
Page 332 and 333:
edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
Page 334 and 335:
2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
Page 336 and 337:
2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
Page 338 and 339:
2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
Page 340 and 341:
2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
Page 342 and 343:
edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
Page 344 and 345:
and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
Page 346 and 347:
fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
Page 348 and 349:
2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
Page 350 and 351:
Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
Page 352 and 353:
Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
Page 354 and 355:
2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
Page 356 and 357:
2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
Page 358 and 359:
One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
Page 360 and 361:
the remaining part. There are two r
Page 362 and 363:
(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
Page 364 and 365:
(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367:
2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
Page 368 and 369:
Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
Page 370 and 371:
With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
Page 372 and 373:
Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
Page 374 and 375:
Probably originally flat. the centr
Page 376 and 377:
The head is partly folded over. Dia
Page 378 and 379:
Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
Page 380 and 381:
3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
Page 382 and 383:
Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
Page 384 and 385:
Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
Page 386 and 387:
Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
Page 388 and 389:
Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
Page 390 and 391:
Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
Page 392 and 393:
Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
Page 394 and 395:
Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
Page 396 and 397:
Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
Page 398 and 399:
Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
Page 400 and 401:
All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
Page 402 and 403:
DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
Page 404 and 405:
In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
Page 406 and 407:
(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
Page 408 and 409:
BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
Page 410 and 411:
(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
Page 412 and 413:
Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
Page 414 and 415:
Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
Page 416 and 417:
Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
Page 418 and 419:
Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
Page 420 and 421:
Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423:
Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 424 and 425:
IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
Page 426 and 427:
Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
Page 428 and 429:
4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 432 and 433:
shaped section. Internal diameter 1
Page 434 and 435:
copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
Page 438 and 439:
(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
Page 440 and 441:
parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
Page 442 and 443:
Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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