Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 147 Shield boss (1:2) Fig 148 Scabbard mount, javelin head and pickaxe sheath fitting (1:1) 131
Period 1. A fragment of a copper-alloy mount from a sword (gladius) scabbard (Webster 1958, fig 3, 7). The mount would lie horizontally on the scabbard and be fixed by two rivets, the holes for which can be seen at each end of the central section of the mount. The moulded loops at each side would carry a ring used to attach the sword to the shoulderbelt or baldric (Robinson 1975, pl 1). The central part of the mount is V-shaped in section. Length 71.5 mm, width 12.5 mm. The internal measurement of the central section is 50.0mm, close to the usual sword width of two inches (Webster 1969a, 130). Javelin (Fig 148; 4195-4196) 4196 Fig 148 SF BKC 3855(C), J310 F69. Oven. Period 2. Iron. The head and a small part of the shaft of a javelin (pilum) (Goodburn 1974, fig 41, 10). Length 129.5 mm. TOOLS Pickaxe (Fig 148; 4197-4198) 4198 Fig 148 SF BKC 4693(C), T419. Period 1 (or 2). One of a pair (with 4197) of copper-alloy sheath fittings from a legionary pickaxe (dolabrum) (Webster 1969a, fig 21). Length 44.5 mm. CAVALRY HARNESS FITTINGS Copper-alloy strap-loops (Fig 149; 4199-4202). Strap-loops, or harness clips, provided a secure 4201 4202 Fig 149 Cavalry harness strap-loops (1:1) 4200 0 1cm I I 132 method of joining divergent leather harness straps (Lehner 1904, Taf 30, 9). Usually three straps were involved (Hawkes and Hull 1947, 339), but a set of four were found at Nijmegen (Noviomagus 1979, afb 9). 4199 Fig 149 SF LWC 3566(C), J1435 F495. Settlement into Period 1 pit. A fragment of a strap-loop, similar to Hawkes and Hull 1947, pl 103, 7. The junction of the loop and the flat top plate is marked by transverse grooves and mouldings. Surviving length 47.5 mm, maximum surviving width 16.5 mm. 4200 Fig 149 SF LWC 3560(C), J1490. Occupation. Period 1. A strap-loop with concentric grooves decorating the two circular elements of the top plate, and the junction of loop and top plate is marked with transverse mouldings. Both rivets are missing. Length 37.0mm, maximum width 12.5mm. As Ritterling 1913, Taf 13, 8. (See also Crummy 1977. fig 2, 8.) 4201 Fig 149 SF LWC 4100(C), J1705. Dump or occupation. Period 1. A strap-loop similar to 4200 but with only two concentric grooves on the circular elements, and slighter transverse mouldings at the junction of loop and top plate. Both globular-headed rivets survive (ibid, fig 2, 4). Length 34.0mm, maximum width 11.0mm. 4202 Fig 149 SF BKC 1831(C), El 161 L382. Charcoal tip-line. Period 1b or 2. Possibly a fragment (in two pieces) of a straploop (Ritterling 1913, Taf 13, 23). Length 31.5 mm. Button-and-loop fastener (Fig 150; 4203) 4203 Fig 150 SF BKC 4733(C), T471. Period 2? A button-and-loop fastener similar to Wild (1970b, 138) Class 2/3 with a petalshaped head of which the centre is a hole. A boss is set inside the hole at the top. The shank rises vertically from the back of this boss and from the rim above it. The loop is missing. Length 25.5 mm. Fig 150 Button-and-loop fastener (1:1) FIRST-CENTURY EQUIPMENT FROM CONTEXTS DATED LATER THAN 60/1 ARMOUR Belt and apron fittings of copper alloy (Fig 151; 4204-4220) 4204 Fig 151 SF LWC 3128(C), J813. Make-up. Period 4a. A damaged stud with notched rim, possibly from a military apron. Diameter 21.5mm. 4205 Fig 151 SF LWC 3057(C), J852. Gravel foundation. Period 4a. A rosette stud with corroded but seemingly plain surface. Diameter 20.0 mm. Square section shaft, clenched, length 6.0mm. 4207 Fig 151 SF LWC 3315(C), J1035. Uncertain. Earlier than Period 4b. A rosette stud with traces of white-metal plating on the surfaces and decorated with a design of ?petal shapes and circles possibly in niello. Diameter 16.5mm. Square section shaft, incomplete, length 4.5 mm. 4208 Fig 151 SF LWC 3325(C), J1050. Make-up. Period 3. A rosette stud similar to Fig 144, 4174. Diameter 19.0mm. 4209 Fig 151 SF LWC 2726(C), K155 F17? Pit. Medieval/postmedieval. A corroded and damaged apron mount (Webster 1958, fig 4, 64). Length (incomplete) 31.0mm. 4210 Fig 151 SF LWC 3669(C), K389 F208. Pit. Medieval + A
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
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Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
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Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
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usually of one division. It is impo
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ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
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Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
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Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
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Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
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applied horizontally. The S is made
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Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
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Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
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IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
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Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
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CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
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the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
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Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
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Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
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The nail-cleaner and the third piec
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CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
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Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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semicircles of two concentric groov
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handle would pass through the hole.
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2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
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Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
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Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 90 and 91: Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
Page 92 and 93: Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 94 and 95: have been broken, but used after th
Page 96 and 97: tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98: plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102: Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104: of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106: Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109: CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111: WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113: CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115: CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117: CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119: attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121: IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123: 2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125: CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 126 and 127: Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
Page 128 and 129: laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131: arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133: MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135: Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137: CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139: CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 142 and 143: slightly distorted belt-plate with
Page 144 and 145: Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
Page 146 and 147: on late Roman military belts. The s
Page 148 and 149: LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
Page 150 and 151: CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 152 and 153: figures, such as the series of enam
Page 154 and 155: seems to have been a realistically
Page 156 and 157: Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
Page 158 and 159: CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 160 and 161: Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 162 and 163: Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 164 and 165: Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
Page 166 and 167: Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
Page 168 and 169: Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
Page 170 and 171: CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 172 and 173: Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
Page 174 and 175: Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 176 and 177: Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 178 and 179: Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
Page 180 and 181: Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
Page 182 and 183: Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
Page 184 and 185: BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
Page 186 and 187: groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
Page 188 and 189: OBJECT INDEX References are given t
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INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
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Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
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CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
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Type 60 The simplest and commonest
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Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
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Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
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Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
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HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
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149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
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186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
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Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
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Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
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Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
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Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
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Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
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Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
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Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
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Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
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532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
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561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
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diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
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diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
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1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
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1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
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Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
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BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
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1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
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In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
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TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
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1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
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CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
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1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
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2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
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(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
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CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
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natural bone surface, this shape co
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formed by two converging strokes jo
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Pottery counters Counters with a gr
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abraded, especially the outer one.
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2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
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2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
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2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
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Counters with no abraded surface bu
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2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
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2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
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counter is a rough. the graffito is
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later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
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(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
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Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
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Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
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STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
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Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
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edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
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2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
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2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
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2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
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2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
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edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
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and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
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fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
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2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
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Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
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Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
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2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
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2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
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One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
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the remaining part. There are two r
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(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
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(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367:
2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
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Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
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With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
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Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
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Probably originally flat. the centr
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The head is partly folded over. Dia
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Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
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3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
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Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
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Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
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Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
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Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
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Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
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Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
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Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
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Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
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Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
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All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
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DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
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In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
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(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
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BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
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(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
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Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
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Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
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Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
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Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
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Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423:
Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
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IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
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Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
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4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
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shaped section. Internal diameter 1
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copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
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(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
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parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
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Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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