Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only those pieces deriving from a definite Roman context or from a post-Roman context containing a high percentage of Roman material have been included here* Unless indicated otherwise the head of each object is roughly circular and flat or slightly convex. and the section of the shaft is square. Thus. most of the nails conform to Manning's Type 1 (1972. 186), Iron nails and studs are not included in the small finds catalogue. Measurements are to the nearest millimetre. Context Descr Max diam of head (mm) Length (mm) 3228 LWC A120 Late Roman/early medieval Nail 20.0 80.0 3229 LWC A120 it II Nail 13.0 55.0 3230 LWC A157 Period 4 Nail 15.0 72.0 3231 LWC A157 II Nail 20.0 60.0 3232 LWC A157 II Nail 20.0 60.0 3233 LWC A160 Late Roman/early Saxon Nail 14.0 74.0 3234 LWC A170 Nail 18.0 81.0 3235 LWC A216 F68 Period 4b Nail 17.0 70.0 3236 LWC A245 Post-Roman or Period 4 Nail 20.0 70.0 3237 LWC A249 Period 1 destruction? Nail 10.0 40.0 3238 LWC A253 Pre-Period 4 Nail 16.0 67.0 3239 LWC A257 Period 2 Studs (14), 8.0 (average) 11.0 possibly hobnails 3240 LWC A282 F95 Period 3 Nail 17.0 90.0 3241 LWC A290 Period 1 destruction? Nail 18.0 53.0 3242 LWC A314 F100 Period 2 Nail 14.0 27.0 3243 LWC A329 Period 1 destruction. or 2/3 Nail obscure 101.0 3244 LWC B81 Period 1? Nail 13.0 55.0 3245 LWC B92 Period 5+ Nail 14.0 50.0 3246 LWC B92 " Nail 12.0 70.0 3247 LWC B92 " Nail 17.0 60.0 3248 LWC B101 " Nail 21.0 65.0 3249 LWC B117 " Nail 19.0 57.0 3250 LWC B117 Nail (Manning type 2) 130.0 3251 LWC B117 " Nail 15.0 48.0 3252 LWC B117 " Nail 15.0 50.0 3253 LWC B117 " Nail 12.0 46.0 3254 LWC B117 Studs (30) 14.0 (average) 25.0 3255 LWC B125 " Nail 15.0 50.0 3256 LWC B125 " Nail 17.0 44.0 3257 LWC B125 Nail 20.0 47.0 3258 LWC B125 Nail 16.0 66.0 3259 LWC B125 • Nail 12.0 42.0 3260 LWC B125 Nail 20.0 80.0 3261 LWC El25 Nail 16.0 57.0 3262 LWC B125 Nail 23.0 70.0 3263 LWC B127 Period 4/5? Nail 17.0 57.0 3264 LWC B133 F71 Period 5 Studs (27) 13.0 (average) 17.0 3265 LWC B137 Period 5+ Nail 13.0 40.0 3266 LWC B137 II Nail 22.0 69.0 3267 LWC B137 n Nail 17.0 70.0 3268 LWC B145 Nail 15.0 60.0 3269 LWC B152 c 70-100 Nail/Stud 30.0 48.0 3270 LWC B165 F70 Period 5 Nail 19.0 78.0 3271 LWC B173 F70 Nail 14.0 47.0
Page 374 3272 LWC B173 F70 II Nail 12.0 45.0 3273 LWC B180 F70 II Nail 15.0 40.0 3274 LWC B180 F70 II Nail 17.0 77.0 3275 LWC B180 F70 II Nail 20.0 67.0 3276 LWC B180 F70 It Nail 16.0 60.0 3277 LWC B182 Probably Raman Nail 14.0 57.0 3278 LWC B197 Probably Antonine Nail 14.0 46.0 3279 LWC B230 Probably Periods 4 and 5 Nail 17.0 55.0 3280 LWC B253 F100 Period 5 Nail 12.0 55.0 3281 LWC B253 F100 II Nail 20.0 85.0 3282 LWC B253 F100 ii Nail 13.0 50.0 3283 LWC B253 F100 Nail 15.0 65.0 3284 LWC B267 F105 Period 5 Nail 13.0 50.0 3285 LWC B267 F105 11 Nail 15.0 90.0 3286 LWC B269 F95 11 Nail 18.0 50.0 3287 LWC B294 F70 II Nail 22.0 76.0 3288 LWC B294 F70 II Nail 21.0 110.0 3289 LWC B294 F70 II Nail 18.0 78.0 3290 LWC B294 F70 11 Nail 13.0 65.0 3291 LWC B294 F70 II Nail 15.0 43.0 3292 LWC B294 F70 II Nail 12.0 45.0 3293 LWC B297 F116 II Nail 17.0 60.0 3294 LWC B297 F116 II Nail 11.0 45.0 3295 LWC B297 F116 II Nail 16.0 52.0 3296 LWC B321 F70 II Nail 32.0 100.0 3297 LWC B329 Probably Period 5 Nail 18.0 50.0 3298 LWC B336 F70 Period 5 Nail 15.0 54.0 3299 LWC B336 F70 II Nail 14.0 50.0 3300 LWC B338 Period 5 Nail 13.0 60.0 3301 LWC B375 Period 4 or 5 Nail 12.0 53.0 3302 LWC B382 II II Nail 15.0 66.0 3303 LWC B383 11 Nail 17.0 62.0 3304 LWC B387 Period 2 or 4 Nail 14.0 67.0 3305 LWC B387 II II Nail 25.0 79.0 3306 LWC B441 Period 4 or 5 Nail 13.0 37.0 3307 LWC B445 II Nail 14.0 68.0 3308 LWC B453 F163 Period 5 Nail 13.0 65.0 3309 LWC B471 F166 Nail 17.0 65.0 3310 LWC B481 Period 4 or 5 Nail 13.0 48.0 3311 LWC B497 Period 3 Nail 19.0 80.0 3312 LWC B500 Period 5 Nail 19.0 70.0 3313 LWC B500 Nail 14.0 58.0 3314 LWC B545 F195 Period 4 Nail 27.0 13.5 (circular section shaft) 3315 LWC B549 F197 Period 5 Nail 15.0 50.0 3316 LWC B549 F197 11 Nail 15.0 48.0 3317 LWC B549 F197 II Nail 17.0 60.0 3318 LWC B549 F197 11 Nail 18.0 60.0 3319 LWC B549 F197 II Nail 13.0 45.0 3320 LWC B577 F144 Period 2 Nail 30.0 130.0 3321 LWC B579 F223 Period 4 Nail 15.0 63.0 LWC B599 Period 2 Nail 16.0 60.0 3323 LWC B599 II Nail 18.0 44.0 3324 LWC B599 H Nail 17.0 50.0 3325 LWC B610 F129 Period 5? Nail 15.0 40.0 3326 LWC B626 F70 Period 5 Nail 19.0 73.0 3327 LWC B627 F70 II Nail 25.0 90.0 3328 LWC B634 F225 11 Nail 16.0 43.0
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
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Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
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Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
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usually of one division. It is impo
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ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
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Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
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Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
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Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
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applied horizontally. The S is made
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Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
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Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
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IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
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Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
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CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
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the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
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Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
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Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
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The nail-cleaner and the third piec
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CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
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Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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semicircles of two concentric groov
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handle would pass through the hole.
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2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
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Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
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Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
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Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
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Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
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have been broken, but used after th
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tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98:
plate appears to have formed a prot
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Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
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of a roundel is largely dictated by
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Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
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CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
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WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
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CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
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CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
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CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
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attachment was probably not particu
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IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
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2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
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CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
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Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
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laminated armour). There are copper
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arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
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MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
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Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
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CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
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CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
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Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
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slightly distorted belt-plate with
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Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
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on late Roman military belts. The s
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LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
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CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
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figures, such as the series of enam
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seems to have been a realistically
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Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
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CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
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Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
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Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
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CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
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Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
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Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
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Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
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groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
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OBJECT INDEX References are given t
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INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
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Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
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CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
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Type 60 The simplest and commonest
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Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
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Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
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Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
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HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
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149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
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186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
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Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
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Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
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Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
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Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
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Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
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Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
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Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
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Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
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532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
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561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
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diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
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diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
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1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
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1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
Page 260 and 261:
Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
Page 264 and 265:
BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
Page 266 and 267:
1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
Page 268 and 269:
In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
Page 274 and 275:
TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
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1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
Page 280 and 281:
CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
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1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 288 and 289:
2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
Page 292 and 293:
2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
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(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
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CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
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natural bone surface, this shape co
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formed by two converging strokes jo
Page 302 and 303:
Pottery counters Counters with a gr
Page 304 and 305:
abraded, especially the outer one.
Page 306 and 307:
2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
Page 308 and 309:
2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
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2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
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Counters with no abraded surface bu
Page 314 and 315:
2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
Page 316 and 317:
2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
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counter is a rough. the graffito is
Page 320 and 321:
later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
Page 322 and 323:
(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
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Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
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Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
Page 328 and 329:
STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
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Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
Page 332 and 333: edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
Page 334 and 335: 2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
Page 336 and 337: 2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
Page 338 and 339: 2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
Page 340 and 341: 2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
Page 342 and 343: edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
Page 344 and 345: and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
Page 346 and 347: fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
Page 348 and 349: 2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
Page 350 and 351: Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
Page 352 and 353: Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
Page 354 and 355: 2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
Page 356 and 357: 2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
Page 358 and 359: One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
Page 360 and 361: the remaining part. There are two r
Page 362 and 363: (Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
Page 364 and 365: (Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367: 2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
Page 368 and 369: Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
Page 370 and 371: With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
Page 372 and 373: Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
Page 374 and 375: Probably originally flat. the centr
Page 376 and 377: The head is partly folded over. Dia
Page 378 and 379: Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
Page 380 and 381: 3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
Page 384 and 385: Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
Page 386 and 387: Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
Page 388 and 389: Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
Page 390 and 391: Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
Page 392 and 393: Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
Page 394 and 395: Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
Page 396 and 397: Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
Page 398 and 399: Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
Page 400 and 401: All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
Page 402 and 403: DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
Page 404 and 405: In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
Page 406 and 407: (Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
Page 408 and 409: BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
Page 410 and 411: (Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
Page 412 and 413: Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
Page 414 and 415: Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
Page 416 and 417: Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
Page 418 and 419: Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
Page 420 and 421: Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423: Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 424 and 425: IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
Page 426 and 427: Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
Page 428 and 429: 4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431: Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 432 and 433:
shaped section. Internal diameter 1
Page 434 and 435:
copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
Page 438 and 439:
(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
Page 440 and 441:
parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
Page 442 and 443:
Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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