Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM British Museum CAR Colchester Archaeological Reports CAR 1 Philip Crummy, Aspects of Anglo-Saxon and Norman Colchester CIL Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum CK Carson and Kent in Carson, Hill, and Kent, Late Roman Bronze Coinage CM Colchester and Essex Museum Coll Ant Charles Roach Smith, Collectanea Antiqua Corp Catalogue number in Hull, M R, forthcoming, Brooches from pre-Roman and Roman Britain F Feature number G Grave number L Layer number OED Oxford English Dictionary ORL 8 Der Obergermanisch-Raetische Limesdes Römerreiches, 8, Kastell Zugmantel RCHM 1962 Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, Eburacum, Roman York RIC Roman Imperial Coinage SF Small find number YMH 1891 A Handbook to the Antiquities in the Grounds and Museum of the Yorkshire Philosophical Society References Addyman, P V, & Priestley, J, 1977 'Baile Hill, York' in Archaeol J, 134, 115-56 Albrecht, C, 1943 'Die Fundstücke der Jahre 1912-13 und 1925-32' in Die Funde von Haltern seit 1925 (Bodenaltertümes Westfalens, 6) Arthur, P, 1977 Eggs and pomegranates, an example of symbolism in Roman Britain' in Roman life and art in Britain edited by J Munby and M Henig, BAR 41 (ii) Bailey, D, 1974 Six Roman lamps from London' in Antiq J, 54, 292-5 Beck, H C, 1928 'Classification and nomenclature of beads and pendants' in Archaeologia, 77, 1 -76 Bell, R C, 1960 Board and table games from many civilisations Biddle, M, 1967 \ Two Flavian burials from Grange Road, Winchester' in Antiq J. 47, 224-50 Boon, G C, 1977 'Gold-in-glass beads from the ancient world' in Britannia, 8, 193-207 Brailsford, J W, 1962 Hod Hill 1, Antiquities in the Durden Collection Branigan, K 1977 Gatcombe Roman villa, BAR 44 Britnell, W J, 1976 Antler cheekpieces of the British Late Bronze Age', in Antiq J, 56, 24-34 Brodribb, A C C, Hands, A R, & Walker, D R, 1971a Excavations at Shakenoak, 1, second impression 1971b Excavations at Shakenoak, 2 Brown, P D, & Chapman, H, forthcoming Roman technology Bushe-Fox, J P, 1913 Excavations on the site of the Roman town at Wroxeter, Shropshire, in 1912 1928 Second report on the excavation of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent Charlesworth, D, 1972 'The glass' in Verulamium excavations, 1 by S S Frere Charlesworth, D, & Thornton, J H, 1973 'Leather found in Mediobogdum, the Roman fort of Hardknott' in Britannia, 4, 141-52 Chenet, G, 1926 Agrafe circulaire ou fibule en omèga' in Revue des musées et des collections archéologiques, 7,237-8 Chenhall, R G, 1978 Nomenclature for museum cataloging; a system for classifying man-made objects Clark, J, 1976 'Icelandic hipposandals' in Antiquity, 50, 236-7 Clarke, G, 1979 The Roman cemetery at Lankhills, Winchester Studies 3 175 Collingwood, R G, & Richmond, I A, 1969 The archaeology of Roman Britain Como, J, 1925 'Das Grab eines römischen Arztes in Bingen' in Germania, 9, 152-162 Crawford, O G S, & Roder, J, 1955 The quern-quarries of Mayen in the Eifel' in Antiquity, 29, 68-76 Crummy, N, 1979 A chronology of bone pins' in Britannia, 10, 157-64 1981 'Bone-working at Colchester' in Britannia, 12, 277-85 forthcoming The worked bone from Crowder Terrace' in Winchester excavations since 1972, I: western suburb edited by K Qualmann Crummy, P, 1974 Recent excavations and research 1975 Not only a matter of time 1977 'Colchester: the Roman fortress and the development of the colonia' in Britannia. 8, 65-105 1980 'The temples of Roman Colchester' in Temples, churches and religion: recent research in Roman Britain edited by W Rodwell, BAR 77 Crummy, P, & Terry, R 1979 'Seriation problems in urban archaeology' in Pottery and the archaeologist edited by M Millet, Institute of Archaeology, London, occasional publication, 4 Cunliffe, B (ed), 1968 Fifth report on the excavations of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent 1971 Excavations at Fishbourne 1961-9, 2 1975 Excavations at Portchester Castle, 1 Curie, J, 1911 A Roman frontier post and its people Curwen, E C, 1937 Querns' in Antiquity. 11, 133-51 1941 More about querns' in Antiquity, 15, 15-32 Dowman, E A, 1970 Conservation in field archaeology Down, A, 1974 Chichester Excavations, 2 1978 Chichester Excavations, 3 Down, A, & Rule, M, 1971 Chichester Excavations, 1 Dunnett, B R K, 1971 Excavations in Colchester, 1964-8' in Trans Essex Archaeol Soc. 3 (3rd ser), pt 1, 1-106 Dunning, G C, 1968 The stone mortars' in Cunliffe 1968 Eddy, M, 1983 Kelvedon: the origins and development of a Roman small town, Essex County Council occasional paper 3 Foltiny, S, 1967 The ivory horse bits of Homer and the bone horse bits of reality' in Bonner Jahrb, 167, 11-37 Fowler, E, 1960 The origins and development of the penannular brooch in Europe' in Proc Prehist Soc, 26, 149-77 1964 'Celtic metalwork of the fifth and sixth centuries AD' in Archaeol J, 120, 98-160 Fox, Sir C, 1958 Pattern and Purpose Fremersdorf, F, 1940 'Römische Scharnierbänder aus Bein' in Vjesnika Hravatskoga Arheoloskoga Drustva, n s 18-21 (1937-40), 321-337 Frere, S S, 1977 'Roman Britain in 1976: sites explored' in Britannia, 8, 355-425 Frere, S S, & St Joseph, J K, 1974 The Roman fortress at Longthorpe' in Britannia, 5, 1-129 Galliou, P, 1977 Archéologie en Bretagne, 13, 13-34 Goessler, P, 1932 Das fröhchristliche Beinkästchen von Heilbronn' in Germania, 16, 294-9 Goodburn, R, 1974 The objects' in Frere and St Joseph 1974 1976 'Roman Britain in 1975: sites explored' in Britannia, 7, 290-377 1978 Roman Britain in I977: sites explored' in Britannia, 9, 404-72 1979 'Roman Britain in 1978: sites explored' in Britannia. 10, 268-338 Green, C, 1977 Tack Explained Green, M J, 1976 The religions of civilian Roman Britain, BAR 24 1978 Small cult-objects from the military areas of Roman Britain, BAR 52 Greep, S, forthcoming a 'Two bone handles from the Walbrook, London' in Antiq J
forthcoming b The bone and antler objects' in Excavations at the Marlowe car park, Canterbury by K and M Blockley Guido, M, 1978 The glass beads of the prehistoric and Roman periods in Britain and Ireland Haalebos, J K, 1981 'Door een bezoeker opgerapt' in Westerham, 30, no 3/4 Hagen, W, 1937 'Kaiserzeitliche Gagatarbeiten aus dem rheinischen Germanien' in Bonner Jahrb, 142, 77-144 Harrison, A C, 1972 'Rochester East Gate, 1969', in Archaeol Cantiana, 87, 121-57 Hassall, M W C, 1977 in Roman Britain in 1976: inscriptions' by M W C Hassall and R S O Tomlin in Britannia, 8, 426-44 1978 in Roman Britain in 1977: inscriptions' by M W C Hassall and R S O Tomlin in Britannia, 9, 473-85 1980 in 'Roman Britain in 1979: inscriptions' by M W C Hassall and R S O Tomlin in Britannia. 11, 403-417 Hassall, M W C, & Rhodes, J, 1974 'Excavations at the New Market Hall 1966-7' in Trans Bristol and Glos Archaeol Soc, 93, 15-100 Hawkes, C F C, & Hull, M R, 1947 Camulodunum Hawkes, S C, & Dunning, G C, 1962 'Soldiers and settlers in Britain, fourth to fifth century' in Medieval Archaeol, 5, 1 -70 Hedges, J, 1976 Textile' in MacGregor 1976 Henderson, A M, 1949 'Small objects in metal, bone, glass etc' in Fourth report on the excavations of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent by J P Bushe-Fox Henig, M, 1978 A corpus of Roman engraved gemstones from British sites. BAR 8, 2 nd edtn 1977 'Death and the Maiden: funerary symbolism in daily life' in Roman life and art in Britain edited by J Munby & M Henig, BAR 41 (ii) Higgins, R, 1976 'Jewellery' in Roman Crafts edited by D Strong & D Brown Hodges, H, 1976 Artifacts Hörter, F, Michels, F X, & Röder, J, 1951 Die Geschichte der Basalt Lava Industrie von Mayen und Niedermendig' in Jahrbuch für Geschichte und Kultur des Mittelrheins und seiner Nachbargebiete, 2-3, (1950-1), 1-32 Hull, M R, 1930 'The bronze amulets' in CM Report, 1930,41-3 1949 The brooches' in Fourth report on the excavations of the Roman fort at Richborough, Kent by J P Bushe-Fox 1958 Roman Colchester 1963 Roman potters' kilns of Colchester 1968 The Nor'nour brooches' in 'Excavations on Nor'nour in the Isles of Scilly, 1962-6' by D Dudley in Archaeol J, 124 (1967), 1-64 forthcoming Brooches from pre-Roman and Roman Britain, typescript in the CM Isings, C, 1957 Roman glass from dated finds Jenkins, F, 1959 The cult of the "pseudo-Venus" in Kent' in Archaeol Caritiana, 72, 60-76 Keepax, C, & Robson, M, 1978 Conservation and associated examination of a Roman chest: evidence for woodworking techniques' in The Conservator, 2, 35-40 Kenyon, K M, 1948 Excavations at the Jewry Wall Site, Leicester 1959 Excavations in Southwark, 1945-47, Surrey Archaeol Soc research paper, 5 Keppie, L J F, 1975 'Stone to clay', in Bar Hill: A Roman fort and its finds by A Robertson, M Scott and L J F Keppie, BAR 16 Kisch, B, 1966 Scales and weights: a historical outline Kramer, W, 1957 Cambodunumforschungen 1951-2; Die Ausgrabungen von Holzhausern zwischen der 1 und 2 Querstrasse' in Materialheft zur Bayerischen Vorgeschicht, 9 Lawson, A J, 1976 Shale and jet objects from Silchester' in Archaeologia, 105, 241-75 Lehner, H, 1904 Die Einzelfunde von Novaesium' in Bonner Jahrb. 111/112, 243-418 Liversidge, J, 1973 Britain in the Roman Empire Loeschcke, S, 1919 Lampen aus Vindonissa MacGregor, A, 1976 Finds from a Roman sewer system and an adjacent building in Church Street' in The archaeology of York, 17/1 1978 Roman finds from Skeldergate and Bishophill' in The archaeology of York, 17/2 Mcllwain, A, 1980 'Quernstones' in Excavations at Billingsgate Buildings, 1974 by D M Jones, London and Middx Archaeol Soc special paper, 4 Mann, J, 1981 'An ornamented dagger-sheath' in Lincoln Archaeological Trust Ninth Annual Report, 1980-1, 25-6 176 Manning, W H, 1972 'The iron objects' in Verulamium excavations, 1 by S S Frere 1974 Objects of iron' in The excavation of the Roman villa in Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead, 1963-8 by D S Neal Maxwell, G, 1974 'Objects of bronze' in 'The Roman fort at Cramond, Edinburgh: excavations 1954-66' by A and V Rae in Britannia, 5, 163-224 May, T, 1930 Catalogue of the Roman pottery in the Colchester and Essex Museum Merk, L E, 1978 'A study of reagents used in the stripping of bronzes' in Studies in Conservation, 23, 15-21 Merrifield, R, 1965 Roman London Miln, J, 1887 Fouilles faites à Carnac Milne, J S, 1970 Surgical instruments in Greek and Roman times (reprinted 1970 New York, originally 1907 Clarendon Press) Mortimer, J R, 1905 Forty years' researches in British and Saxon burial mounds of East Yorkshire Musty, J, 1980 in Conservation News, 11 1982 in Current Archaeology, 80 Neal, D S, 1977 The Roman building at Boxmoor House School' in Herts Archaeol, 4, 53-110 Neal, D S, & Butcher, S A, 1974 'Miscellaneous objects of bronze' in The excavation of the Roman villa in Gadebridge Park, Hemel Hempstead, 1963-8 by D S Neal Nicholls, R V, 1979 'A Roman couch in Cambridge' in Archaeologia, 106, 1-32 Nielsen, H, 1974 Ancient Opthalmological Agents Nuber, H U, & Radnóti, A, 1969 'Römische Brand- und Körpergraber aus Wehringen, Ldkr Schwabmünchen: ein Vorbericht' in Jahresberichte der bayerischen Bodendenkmalpflege, 10 Nutton, V, 1972 'Roman Oculists', in Epigraphica, 24, 16-29 Oldenstein, J, 1 976 'Zur Ausrustung römischer Auxiliareinheiten' in Bericht der Römisch-Germanischen Kommission, 57, 49-285 Pa.rkhouse, J, 1977 Anglo-Saxon commercial connections with the continent: with specific reference to the distribution and typology of Rhenish Basalt-Lava quernstones and their use as an indicator of trade, unpublished MA thesis, University of Manchester Partridge, C, 1981 Skeleton Green Peacock, D P S 1 9 8 0 'The Roman millstone trade: a petrological sketch' in World Archaeology, 12.1, 43-53 Penn, W S, 1958 'The Romano-British settlement at Springhead. Excavation of the bakery, site A' in Archaeol Cantiana, 71, 53-105 Pfister, R, 1937 Nouveaux textiles de Palmyre Piggott, S, 1953 'Three metalwork hoards of the Roman period from southern Scotland' in Proc Soc Antiq Scot, 87, 1-50 Pitts, L F, 1979 Roman bronze figurines of the Catuvellauni and Trinovantes. BAR 60 Rausing, G, 1967 The bow: some notes on its origin and development' in Acta Archaeologica Lundensia, 6 Richmond, I A, 1947 'The four coloniae of Roman Britain' in Archaeol J, 103, 57-84 Ritterling, E, 1913 Der frühromische Lager bei Hofheim im Taunus Robertson, A, 1970 'Roman finds from non-Roman sites in Scotland: more Roman 'drift' in Caledonia' in Britannia, 1, 198-213 Robinson, H R, 1975 The Armour of Imperial Rome Röder, J, 1953 'Zur Lavaindustrie von Mayen und Volvic (Auvergne)' in Germania, 31, 24-7 1972 'Die Militilsteinbrucke von Mayen' in Bonner Universitatsblätter, 1972, 35-46 Roes, A, 1960 Horn cheek-pieces' in Antiq J, 40, 68-72 Rouvier-Jeanlin, M, 1972 Les figurines gallo-romaines en terre cuite au Musée des Antiquités Nationales Rudge, E A, 1963 'The maker of querns' in Essex Countryside, 1963, 26-8 1968 Interim report on the distribution of the puddingstone quern' in Trans Essex Archaeol Soc, 1, 3rd ser, 247-9 Schmid, E, 1968 Beindrechsler, Hornschnitzer und Leimsieder im römischen Augst' in Provincialia, Festschrift fur Rudolf Laur-Belart, 185-197 1972 Atlas of Animal Bones Simkins, M, 1976 The Roman Army from Caesar to Trajan Simpson, C J, 1976 Belt-buckles and strap-ends of the later Roman Empire; a preliminary survey of several new
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
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Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
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Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
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usually of one division. It is impo
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ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
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Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
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Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
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Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
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applied horizontally. The S is made
Page 55 and 56:
Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
Page 57 and 58:
Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
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IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
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Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
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CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
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the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
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Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
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Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
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The nail-cleaner and the third piec
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CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
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Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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semicircles of two concentric groov
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handle would pass through the hole.
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2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
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Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
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Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
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Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
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Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
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have been broken, but used after th
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tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
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plate appears to have formed a prot
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Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
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of a roundel is largely dictated by
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Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
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CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
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WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
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CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
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CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
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CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
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attachment was probably not particu
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IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
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2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
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CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
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Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
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laminated armour). There are copper
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arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
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MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135: Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137: CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139: CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 140 and 141: Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
Page 142 and 143: slightly distorted belt-plate with
Page 144 and 145: Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
Page 146 and 147: on late Roman military belts. The s
Page 148 and 149: LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
Page 150 and 151: CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 152 and 153: figures, such as the series of enam
Page 154 and 155: seems to have been a realistically
Page 156 and 157: Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
Page 158 and 159: CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 160 and 161: Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 162 and 163: Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 164 and 165: Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
Page 166 and 167: Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
Page 168 and 169: Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
Page 170 and 171: CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 172 and 173: Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
Page 174 and 175: Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 176 and 177: Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
Page 178 and 179: Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
Page 180 and 181: Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
Page 182 and 183: Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
Page 186 and 187: groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
Page 188 and 189: OBJECT INDEX References are given t
Page 190 and 191: INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
Page 192 and 193: Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
Page 194 and 195: CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
Page 196 and 197: Type 60 The simplest and commonest
Page 198 and 199: Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
Page 200 and 201: Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
Page 202 and 203: Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
Page 204 and 205: HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
Page 206 and 207: 149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
Page 208 and 209: 186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
Page 210 and 211: Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
Page 212 and 213: Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
Page 214 and 215: Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
Page 216 and 217: Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
Page 218 and 219: Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
Page 220 and 221: Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
Page 222 and 223: Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
Page 224 and 225: Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
Page 226 and 227: 532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
Page 228 and 229: 561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
Page 230 and 231: diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
Page 232 and 233: diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
Page 248 and 249:
1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
Page 254 and 255:
1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
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Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
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BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
Page 266 and 267:
1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
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In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
Page 274 and 275:
TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
Page 276 and 277:
1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
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CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
Page 282 and 283:
1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 288 and 289:
2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
Page 292 and 293:
2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
Page 294 and 295:
(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
Page 296 and 297:
CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
Page 298 and 299:
natural bone surface, this shape co
Page 300 and 301:
formed by two converging strokes jo
Page 302 and 303:
Pottery counters Counters with a gr
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abraded, especially the outer one.
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2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
Page 308 and 309:
2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
Page 310 and 311:
2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
Page 312 and 313:
Counters with no abraded surface bu
Page 314 and 315:
2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
Page 316 and 317:
2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
Page 318 and 319:
counter is a rough. the graffito is
Page 320 and 321:
later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
Page 322 and 323:
(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
Page 324 and 325:
Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
Page 326 and 327:
Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
Page 328 and 329:
STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
Page 330 and 331:
Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
Page 332 and 333:
edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
Page 334 and 335:
2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
Page 336 and 337:
2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
Page 338 and 339:
2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
Page 340 and 341:
2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
Page 342 and 343:
edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
Page 344 and 345:
and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
Page 346 and 347:
fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
Page 348 and 349:
2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
Page 350 and 351:
Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
Page 352 and 353:
Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
Page 354 and 355:
2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
Page 356 and 357:
2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
Page 358 and 359:
One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
Page 360 and 361:
the remaining part. There are two r
Page 362 and 363:
(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
Page 364 and 365:
(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367:
2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
Page 368 and 369:
Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
Page 370 and 371:
With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
Page 372 and 373:
Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
Page 374 and 375:
Probably originally flat. the centr
Page 376 and 377:
The head is partly folded over. Dia
Page 378 and 379:
Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
Page 380 and 381:
3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
Page 382 and 383:
Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
Page 384 and 385:
Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
Page 386 and 387:
Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
Page 388 and 389:
Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
Page 390 and 391:
Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
Page 392 and 393:
Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
Page 394 and 395:
Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
Page 396 and 397:
Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
Page 398 and 399:
Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
Page 400 and 401:
All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
Page 402 and 403:
DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
Page 404 and 405:
In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
Page 406 and 407:
(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
Page 408 and 409:
BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
Page 410 and 411:
(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
Page 412 and 413:
Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
Page 414 and 415:
Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
Page 416 and 417:
Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
Page 418 and 419:
Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
Page 420 and 421:
Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423:
Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 424 and 425:
IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
Page 426 and 427:
Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
Page 428 and 429:
4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 432 and 433:
shaped section. Internal diameter 1
Page 434 and 435:
copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
Page 438 and 439:
(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
Page 440 and 441:
parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
Page 442 and 443:
Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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