Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from furniture (1:1) 81
2131 Fig 85 SF BKC 2723(C), H111 F33. Rubbish pit. Period 5c. Iron handle fragment with flat rectangular section loop. 2132 Fig 85 SF BKC 2774(C), H239 F68. Hearth over pit. Period 5c. Large thick handle with bud-like terminals. The section is a slightly flattened circle at the mid-point of the loop and rather more flattened towards the terminals. 2134 Fig 85 SF BKC 3261 (C), J181 L25. Dump. Period 5c/6. Drophandle decoratively moulded terminals, part of one bend is missing. The two split-pins which fixed the handle to the drawer or box still survive. One is rather larger than the other. The loop of the handle is lozenge-shaped in section, becoming circular towards the terminals. Length approximately 54.0mm. 2137 Fig 85 SF BKC 4877(C), T426. Period 1 (or 2). Iron twisted drop-handle, both terminals are damaged. Length 84.5mm. 2142 Fig 85 SF BUC 566, C11 28 L1. Period 2. Tiny drop-handle of rectangular section. Length 19.5 mm. 2145 Fig 85 SF COC 204, 975 L280. Dump. Period 3. Drop-handle with square section loop and circular section plain terminals. Length 65.5 mm. Copper-alloy furniture fragments (Fig 86; 2146- 2149). Pieces to be considered as probably the sources of the following few fragments include small tables, stools, lamp stands (candelabra), portable altars or figurine bases. Valuable groups of illustrated examples can be found in Ward-Perkins and Claridge 1976. Given the size of the fragments catalogued here it is impossible to attempt to draw conclusions as to the specific items of furniture represented. 2146 Fig 86 SF LWC 3200(C), J951. Make-up. Period 3. Very corroded and laminated ?foot. Height 28.0mm. 2148 Fig 86 SF BUC 97, A408 G33. Grave fill. Period 2. Fragment broken across a perforation in the upper surface. Height 17.5 mm. Fig 86 Fragments from copper-alloy items of furniture (1:1) 82 2149 Fig 86 SF BUC 876, E52 L6. Destruction debris and topsoil. Post-Roman. A four-toed foot. The two middle toes do not touch the ground. There is a ?rivet hole at the base of the upright element, with another on the line of the fracture. These could indicate that the foot was fixed to the leg of a wooden piece of furniture. Height 21.0mm. Bone inlay (Figs 87 and 88; 2150-2162). Thin strips of bone, often decorated with incised geometric patterns, were used principally as casings for wooden boxes or caskets. Groups of inlay strips from boxes are illustrated in Henderson 1949, pl 58 and Wilson 1968, pls 61 -2. A complete box of decorated bone is known from Heilbronn (Goessler 1932, 294). Larger items of furniture could also be decorated with bone inlay (Nicholls 1979; Crummy 1981; see pp 152-60). 2150 Fig 87 SF LWC 750, B321 F70. Cellar backfill. Period 5. Inlay strip decorated along each long side with a row of incised single ring-and-dot and down the centre with a row of double ring-and-dot motifs. The decoration would have been cut with a compass-like engraving tool (Goessler 1932, Abb 3). The undersurface has been well smoothed. Length 77.5mm, width 19.0mm, thickness 1.5 to 2.0mm. 2151 Fig 87 SF LWC 1744, D161. Dump or make-up? Post- Roman. Inlay strip with badly scarred upper surface. The decoration consists of five triple ring-and-dot motifs, one at each corner and one in the centre, two double ring-and-dots at the centre of each long side, and pairs of single ring-anddots between each of the five triple-ringed elements. A grooved line runs from the inside edge of each double ringand-dot to the outer edge of each corner triple ring-and-dot and gives some cohesion to an otherwise loose, complex pattern. The undersurface has been smoothed but bears several thin scratches across its width. There is a small perforation at the middle of the central triple-ringed motif, probably to take a small fixing peg. The sides are quite irregular. Length 42.0mm, width 25.0mm, thickness 3.0mm. 2152 Fig 87 SF LWC 3895, G489. Dump or make-up. Period 2. A small thick piece of inlay with two deep parallel grooves. The undersurface is rough cancellous tissue. Length 22.0mm, width 9.0mm, thickness 3.5mm. 2153 Fig 87 SF LWC 1798, H36 F10. Road ditch. Roman. A plain mitred strip of inlay. The end opposite to the mitred corner is broken. Both surfaces are smooth. The upper face still shows traces of saw and/or rasp marks, and parts of the lower are rough with cancellous tissue. Length 75.0mm, width 11.5mm, thickness 3.0mm. 2154 Fig 87 SF LWC 4055, R30. Destruction debris. Period 4 or post-Roman. A small strip with two parallel grooves. The reverse shows coarse saw marks. Length 27.5 mm, width 9.0mm, thickness 2.0mm. 2155 Fig 87 SF BKC 2856(C), H288 L13. Dump. Period 5b (end) and possibly into 5c and 6. A piece of stepped inlay with one convex step on one long side and two on the other, somewhat similar to the stepped inlay from the Butt Road workshop (Fig 190). There is a peg hole near each end, and one peg survives. There is slight green staining, probably from contact with copper alloy, round one peg hole. The underside shows rasp marks. The piece was made from a long bone or metapodial. The bone is very dense and may be horse bone. Length 62.5 mm, width 19.5 mm, maximum thickness 4.0mm. The peg is 22.5mm long and has a maximum diameter of 4.0mm. 2156 Fig 87 SF BKC 2783(C), H298 (F94+F167). Pits. Period 6. Ansate strip of inlay, with incised ring-and-dot and line decoration. Both ends are damaged. The central panel has three large double ring-and-dot elements, with the area between the two rings filled in with alternating large and small single ring-and-dot ornament. There is a single ringand-dot at each corner of the central panel and double ringand-dot motifs between them on each long side, opposite the gaps between the large elements. Grooved lines link the outer edge of this row of four with the inner edges. Filling in the short sides of the central panel is a row of three small
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
Page 39 and 40: Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
Page 41 and 42: Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
Page 43 and 44: usually of one division. It is impo
Page 45 and 46: ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
Page 47 and 48: Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
Page 49 and 50: Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
Page 51 and 52: Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
Page 53 and 54: applied horizontally. The S is made
Page 55 and 56: Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
Page 57 and 58: Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
Page 59 and 60: IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
Page 61 and 62: Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
Page 64 and 65: CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
Page 66 and 67: the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
Page 68 and 69: Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
Page 70 and 71: Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
Page 72 and 73: The nail-cleaner and the third piec
Page 74 and 75: CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
Page 76 and 77: Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
Page 78 and 79: CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 80 and 81: semicircles of two concentric groov
Page 82 and 83: handle would pass through the hole.
Page 84 and 85: 2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
Page 86 and 87: Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
Page 88 and 89: Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 92 and 93: Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 94 and 95: have been broken, but used after th
Page 96 and 97: tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98: plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102: Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104: of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106: Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109: CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111: WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113: CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115: CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117: CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119: attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121: IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123: 2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125: CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 126 and 127: Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
Page 128 and 129: laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131: arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133: MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135: Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137: CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139: CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
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Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
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slightly distorted belt-plate with
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Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
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on late Roman military belts. The s
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LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
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CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
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figures, such as the series of enam
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seems to have been a realistically
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Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
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CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
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Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
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Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
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CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
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Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
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Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
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Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
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groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
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OBJECT INDEX References are given t
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INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
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Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
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CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
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Type 60 The simplest and commonest
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Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
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Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
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Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
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HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
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149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
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186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
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Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
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Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
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Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
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Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
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Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
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Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
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Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
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Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
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532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
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561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
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diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
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diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
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1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
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1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
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Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
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BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
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1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
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In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
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TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
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1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
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CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
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1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
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2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
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(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
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CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
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natural bone surface, this shape co
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formed by two converging strokes jo
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Pottery counters Counters with a gr
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abraded, especially the outer one.
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2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
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2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
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2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
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Counters with no abraded surface bu
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2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
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2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
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counter is a rough. the graffito is
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later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
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(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
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Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
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Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
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STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
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Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
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edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
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2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
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2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
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2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
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2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
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edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
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and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
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fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
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2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
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Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
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Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
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2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
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2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
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One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
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the remaining part. There are two r
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(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
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(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
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2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
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Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
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With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
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Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
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Probably originally flat. the centr
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The head is partly folded over. Dia
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Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
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3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
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Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
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Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
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Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
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Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
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Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
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Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
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Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
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Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
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Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
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All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
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DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
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In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
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(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
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BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
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(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
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Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
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Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
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Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
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Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
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Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
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Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
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IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
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Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
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4319) The sawn off proximal end of
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Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
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shaped section. Internal diameter 1
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copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
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4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
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(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
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parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
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Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
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4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
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ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
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4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
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4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
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(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
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61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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