Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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have been broken, but used after the damage as an expanding ring. There is a broad front panel with marginal grooves. Minimum internal diameter of ring 12.0mm. BOX FITTINGS FIRST BUTT ROAD BOX A crushed wooden box or casket with copper-alloy and iron fittings was found deposited in an east-west oriented grave (G69) at Butt Road. Frequent incidents of overnight vandalism and theft meant that the box had to be lifted en bloc on the day of its discovery and removed to the Trust's offices for 'excavation'. 6 This inevitably resulted in further disturbance of both fittings and contents, so that despite plans, sketches and photographs taken at various stages of the work both on and off site, only a broadly hypothetical reconstruction can be attempted. The individual elements are catalogued before the reconstruction is described. Pieces not illustrated are described in the main text. Copper-alloy fittings (Fig 90; 2171-2198) 2171 Fig 90 SF BUC 166(C), B205 G69. Corner brace with one long edge of the long side obliquely notched, or 'feathered'. Length of long side 36.0mm, length of short side 16.0mm. Width of long side 19.0 by 21.0mm, width of short side 19.0mm. There is a scar from an iron-shafted, ?lead-filied copper-alloy stud towards the end of each side. 2172 Fig 90 SF BUC 169(C), B208 G69. Corner brace with one edge of both sides feathered. Length of long side 41.0mm, length of short side 20.0mm. Width of long side 19.0mm, width of short side 18.0mm. Marks of studs in similar positions to those on 2171. 2173 Fig 90 SF BUC 175(C), B209 G69. Corner brace with one edge of both sides feathered. Length of long side 35.0mm, length of short side 19.0mm. Width of long side 19.0mm to 21.0mm, width of short side 19.0mm. Marks of a stud at each end. 2174 Fig 90 SF BUC 161(C), B285 G69. The long side only of a corner brace, feathered on one edge. Length 36.0 mm, width 21.0mm. There is the mark of a stud at the end. 2175 Fig 90 SF BUC 212(C), B183 G69 Winged lobate corner fitting, the right hand side is damaged. The object has been folded round a corner of the box and secured on the short side by two iron nails, and on the long side by an ironshafted, ?lead-fiIled copper-alloy stud. The entire circumference of the fitting was feathered (as 2176), except possibly on the short side, which is now very worn. Length of long side 45.0mm, length of short side 6.0mm. Maximum width (incomplete) 28.5 mm. 2176 Fig 90 SF BUC 211(C), B184 G69. Winged lobate corner fitting as 2175, complete except for the tip of one wing. The feathering on the circumference is visible on part of the short side. As with 2175 the short side was secured to the box by two iron nails, the head of one still survives in situ, and the long side by a composite stud. Length of long side 40.0mm, length of short side 11.0mm. Maximum width 40.0mm. 2177 Fig 90 SF BUC 159(C)/181(C), B218/320 G69. A winged lobate fitting similar to 2175 and 2176 but not bent and with no apparent means of attachment to the box, though there is a circular mark on the lobe, possibly where a boss had been soldered to the fitting. Length 51.0mm, maximum width 38.0mm. 2178 Fig 90 SF BUC 209(C), B182 G69. Composite boss (or stud) with copper-alloy head filled with a ?lead solder. No trace of an iron shaft can be distinguished without damaging the object. Only slightly convex, diameter 24.0mm. Part of the head is missing. 85 2179-82 Fig 90 SF BUC 218(C), B186 G69. Four (only one illustrated) composite convex studs, lifted on site from the lock-plate. All have copper-alloy heads and iron shafts, and are filled with a ?lead solder. All are slightly crushed and distorted, and the shafts are broken. Average diameter 15.0mm. 2183 Fig 90 SF BUC 190(C), B187 G69. Very slightly convex plain stud. Diameter 27.0mm, length 16.0mm. 2184 Fig 90 SF BUC 165(C), B210 G69. Composite convex stud similar to 2179-2182 with broken iron shaft. Damaged. Diameter 23.0mm. 2185 SF BUC 187(C), B281 G69. Fragments of a composite convex stud with iron shaft. Diameter approximately 19.5mm. 2186 SF BUC 162(C), B282 G69. Fragments of the ?lead solder filling from a composite stud. 2187 SF BUC 156(C), B286 G69. A badly damaged composite convex stud. Diameter approximately 18.0mm. 2188 SF BUC 181(C), B320 G69. A badly damaged composite convex stud. Diameter 24.0mm. 2189-90 SF BUC 181(C), B320G69. Fragments of two composite convex studs. Average diameter approximately 16.0mm. 2191 Fig 90 SF BUC 181(C), B320 G69. Small composite convex boss (or stud). There is no sign of an iron shaft. Diameter 9.0mm. 2192 Fig 90 SF BUC 216(C), B186 G69. A strip with slight convex mouldings on each long side and bent to fit round a corner of the box. There are marks from two composite studs on the long side, and of a third on the short side. Length of the long side 49.5 mm, length of the short side 17.5 mm. Width 31.0mm. 2193 Fig 90 SF BUC 216(C), B186 G69. A corner brace of more or less square section, 3.0 by 3.0mm, with flattened round Pierced terminals and two copper-alloy nails (16.0 and 18.5mm long), one of which was found in situ through a terminal. Length of longer side, 35.0mm, length of shorter side 28.0mm. 2194 Fig 90 SF BUC217(C), B186 G69. A copper-alloy plate, folded to pass round a corner of the box. The plate is irregular in shape, being more or less rectangular, but with one short side splaying outwards for most of its length, then sharply inwards at the fold. There is a mark from a composite stud at each side and a hole from a nail or rivet at each end of the fold. Preserved on the back, or inside, of the plate are an iron staple, an iron nail and iron-impregnated wood. Length of long sides 80.0 mm, width to the fold 31 5 mm, width over the fold 8.5 mm. 2195 Fig 90 SF BUC 217(C), B186 G69. Gilt copper-alloy lock plate, with a gilt rotary ring-key held in the lock by corrosion products. The edges of the plate have repoussé piecrust decoration, and there are scars from four composite studs, one at each corner of the plate. Two are right on their respective corners and two, those at the top of the plate, are set about 15.0 mm down. The plate is not quite rectangular. Length 90.0 mm, width 81.0 to 84.5 mm. Part of the lock mechanism and some fragments of wood are preserved at the back of the plate. 2196 SF BUC 148(C), B219 G69. Copper-alloy nail, similar to those found with the corner brace 2193. Circular section shaft, length 13.5 mm. 2197 Fig 90 SF BUC 184(C), B316 G69. Spatulate object with shaft of circular section flattened at one end. Length 54.5 mm. The position of this piece relative to the other items from the box was not recorded. It may be from the fill of the grave. 2198 Fig 90 SF BUC 179(C), B318 G69. Object found at the bottom of the box. The central part is semicircular in section, and the two ends circular. Length 44.0mm, maximum diameter 5.0mm. Iron fittings (Fig 90; 2199-2213). All the nails have square section shafts. 2199 Fig 90 SF BUC 149(C)/152(C)/182(C), B213/214/215 G69. An almost complete loop hinge. The pierced strap,
Fig 90 Copper-alloy and iron fittings from the first Butt Road box (1:2) 86
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
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Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
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Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
Page 43 and 44: usually of one division. It is impo
Page 45 and 46: ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
Page 47 and 48: Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
Page 49 and 50: Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
Page 51 and 52: Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
Page 53 and 54: applied horizontally. The S is made
Page 55 and 56: Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
Page 57 and 58: Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
Page 59 and 60: IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
Page 61 and 62: Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
Page 64 and 65: CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
Page 66 and 67: the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
Page 68 and 69: Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
Page 70 and 71: Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
Page 72 and 73: The nail-cleaner and the third piec
Page 74 and 75: CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
Page 76 and 77: Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
Page 78 and 79: CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 80 and 81: semicircles of two concentric groov
Page 82 and 83: handle would pass through the hole.
Page 84 and 85: 2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
Page 86 and 87: Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
Page 88 and 89: Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 90 and 91: Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
Page 92 and 93: Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 96 and 97: tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98: plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102: Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104: of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106: Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109: CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111: WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113: CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115: CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117: CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119: attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121: IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123: 2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125: CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 126 and 127: Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a f
Page 128 and 129: laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131: arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133: MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135: Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137: CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139: CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 140 and 141: Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
Page 142 and 143: slightly distorted belt-plate with
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Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
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on late Roman military belts. The s
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LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
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CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
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figures, such as the series of enam
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seems to have been a realistically
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Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
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CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
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Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
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Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
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Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
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CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
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Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
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Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
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Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
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Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
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groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
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OBJECT INDEX References are given t
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INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
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Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
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CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
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Type 60 The simplest and commonest
Page 198 and 199:
Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
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Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
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Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
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HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
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149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
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186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
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Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
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Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
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Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
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Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
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Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
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Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
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Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
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Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
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532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
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561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
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diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
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diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
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1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
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1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
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Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
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BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
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1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
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In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
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TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
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1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
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CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
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1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
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2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
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(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
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CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
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natural bone surface, this shape co
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formed by two converging strokes jo
Page 302 and 303:
Pottery counters Counters with a gr
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abraded, especially the outer one.
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2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
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2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
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2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
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Counters with no abraded surface bu
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2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
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2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
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counter is a rough. the graffito is
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later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
Page 322 and 323:
(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
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Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
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Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
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STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
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Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
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edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
Page 334 and 335:
2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
Page 336 and 337:
2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
Page 338 and 339:
2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
Page 340 and 341:
2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
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edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
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and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
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fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
Page 348 and 349:
2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
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Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
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Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
Page 354 and 355:
2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
Page 356 and 357:
2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
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One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
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the remaining part. There are two r
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(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
Page 364 and 365:
(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
Page 366 and 367:
2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
Page 368 and 369:
Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
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With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
Page 372 and 373:
Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
Page 374 and 375:
Probably originally flat. the centr
Page 376 and 377:
The head is partly folded over. Dia
Page 378 and 379:
Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
Page 380 and 381:
3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
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Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
Page 384 and 385:
Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
Page 386 and 387:
Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
Page 388 and 389:
Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
Page 390 and 391:
Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
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Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
Page 394 and 395:
Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
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Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
Page 398 and 399:
Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
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All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
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DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
Page 404 and 405:
In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
Page 406 and 407:
(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
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BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
Page 410 and 411:
(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
Page 412 and 413:
Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
Page 414 and 415:
Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
Page 416 and 417:
Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
Page 418 and 419:
Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
Page 420 and 421:
Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
Page 422 and 423:
Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 424 and 425:
IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
Page 426 and 427:
Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
Page 428 and 429:
4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
Page 432 and 433:
shaped section. Internal diameter 1
Page 434 and 435:
copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
Page 436 and 437:
4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
Page 438 and 439:
(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
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parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
Page 442 and 443:
Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
Page 444 and 445:
4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
Page 448 and 449:
4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
Page 450 and 451:
4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
Page 452 and 453:
(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
Page 454 and 455:
61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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