Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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Fig 120 Copper-alloy studs with a flat or a convex head (1:1) 117
3199 Fig 120 SF CPS 858(C), 905 L121. Cellar material, burnt. Period 3. Small slightly convex stud with a hollow convex moulding midway between centre and rim. Diameter 10.0mm. ?Circular section shaft, incomplete. Length 2.0mm. 3209 Fig 120 SF BUC 626, C1254 L4. Modern. Stud in three fragments. The head has a sunken centre. Diameter 14.0 mm. Circular section shaft, clenched. Length 16.0 mm. 3215 Fig 120 SF COC 167, 755 L221. Period 3. Similar to 3138 with riveted shaft. Diameter 12.5 mm. ?Section shaft. Length 6.0mm. Enamelled studs (Fig 121; 3217-3221) 3217 Fig 121 SF LWC 1142(C), B608 F70. Cellar. Period 5. A small stud with a ring of ?yellow enamel round a central copperalloy dot. Diameter of head 9.0mm. ?Circular section shaft, ?incomplete. Length 5.0mm. 3218 Fig 121 SF LWC 394(C), B unstratified. Stud with an outer ring of red enamel, now mostly missing, which contained probably eleven white enamel spots. There is an inner ring of ?turquoise enamel and a central dot. The dot and two rings are separated by copper alloy-walls. Diameter 18.0mm. The square section shaft is set off-centre. Length, incomplete, 6.0mm. 3219 Fig 121 SF BKC3312(C), J176 F32. Pit. Periods5c/6. A leafshaped stud. The head is filled with ?green enamel. Length of head 11.0mm. Square section shaft. Length 18.5mm. 3220 Fig 121 SF BUC 260, B384. Unstratified. The stud has two concentric bands of Champlevé enamel, the outer 'yellow, the inner ?green, with a central dot of copper alloy. The rim is slightly notched. Diameter 15.5 mm. ?Circular section shaft, incomplete. Length 4.0mm. 3221 Fig 121 SF MID 689, A2684 L308. Make-up. Period 3b. Similar to 3220. The outer band is yellow, the inner green. There appears to be no central dot. Diameter 18.0mm. Thick circular section shaft, incomplete. Length 7.0mm. Fig 121 Enamelled copper-alloy studs (1:1) Other decorated studs (Fig 122; 3222-3227) 3222 Fig 122 SF LWC 3127(C), L372. Make-up or ?cultivated soil. Period 3a (+ 2). Stud with the head of Pan, similar to a stud from Haltern (Albrecht 1943, Abb 21, i) and one of Silenus from Verulamium (St Albans, Hertfordshire) (Waugh and Goodburn 1972, pl 38, e). The head is well executed, with fine curly beard, slanted animal-like eyes and wavy hair. A pair of horns is set close to the head. Height 17.5 mm. Oval section shaft, incomplete. Length 13.5 mm. 3223 Fig 122 SF BKC 1978(C), E1282 L392. Levelling. Period 2. Stud in the form of a dolphin. The crested tail is marked off from the body by a groove. The design seems to have been quite plain. The piece has been quite badly corroded. Length upright 19.0mm, nose to tail 28.0mm. The remaining 118 fragment of shaft is circular in section. 3224 Fig 122 SF LWC 812(C), C101. Period 4 destruction. Late Roman or early post-Roman. A stud with slightly notched rim. Diameter of head 14.0 mm. ?Square section shaft, bent over. There isa slight moulding on the undersurface. Similar to a stud from Verulamium (ibid, fig 38, 102). 3225 Fig 122 SF BKC 5009(C), V116 L16. Cultivated soil. Late Period 5, possibly earlier. A lozenge-shaped stud with riveted shaft. Two of the points are missing. There is a marginal groove. Maximum length probably 20.0mm. ?Circular section shaft, 6.5mm long. 3226 Fig 122 SF BUC 146, A618 G48. Coffin fill. Period 1. Two fragmentary rosette-shaped stud heads with convex centre and rim (only part of one is illustrated). Diameter 17.5 mm. Almost certainly from an article of clothing. 3227 Fig 122 SF MRC 54(C). Unstratified. A large stud with convex rim and concentric convex moulding within which the field is filled with a paste-like inlay on which human figures can be discerned. There appears to be a ?naked ?female figure to the right, facing left, possibly reclining on a couch. Another figure, clothed, faces the first with right arm extended. The scene could represent Cupid and Psyche, but it must be stressed that the inlay is not well preserved and interpretation of the figures has been largely subjective. Diameter 31.0mm. Square section shaft, bent, 13.0mm long. Fig 122 Other decorated copper-alloy studs (1:1) IRON NAILS AND STUDS 3228-4029 Not illustrated; in microfiche catalogue. RIVETS (Fig 123; 4030-4034) Rivets, or riveted studs, were used principally for attaching copper-alloy fittings to leather (eg beltplates on a military belt) or iron (eg hinges on
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COLCHESTER ARCHAEOLOGICAL REPORT 2:
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© 1983 Colchester Archaeological T
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Colchester Archaeological Reports G
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Acknowledgements I am grateful to t
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109 Antler and bone cheekpieces fro
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For each site or area within a larg
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percentage into five groups: a) coi
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18 Objects the function or identifi
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ow has knurled marginal grooves and
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Britain by the army of conquest, wh
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again into side-wings. The external
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Fig 10 Bow brooches: Group 8 (1:1)
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Fig 14 Plate brooches (1:1) 16
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Unclassified (Fig 14; 88-92) 88 Fig
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worked bone and antler have been fo
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Fig 19 Bone hairpins: Type 3 (1:1)
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Fig 21 Bone hairpins: Type 5 (1:1)
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Fig 23 Bone hairpins: miscellaneous
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the size of the piece of jet used t
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Type 5. Pins with a groove or groov
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Fig 32 Gadrooned beads (1:1) 546 Fi
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usually of one division. It is impo
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ARMLETS Individual types are briefl
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Fig 39 Bone armlet (1:1) Fig 40 Ear
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Fig 42 Plain copper-alloy armlets (
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Fig 44 Copper-alloy armlets with tr
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applied horizontally. The S is made
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Fig 47 Copper-alloy armlets with mu
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Fig 50 Plain, coiled, cable-decorat
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IRON FINGER-RINGS With setting (Fig
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Fig 56 Hobnails plotted in situ in
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CATEGORY 2: TOILET, SURGICAL OR PHA
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the teeth. 1857 Fig 59 SF BUC 1529,
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Fig 63 Tweezers (1:1) this, one lon
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Fig 65 Spoon-probes (1:1) damaged.
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The nail-cleaner and the third piec
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CATEGORY 3: OBJECTS USED IN THE MAN
Page 76 and 77: Copper-alloy. Complete. Bent. Lengt
Page 78 and 79: CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
Page 80 and 81: semicircles of two concentric groov
Page 82 and 83: handle would pass through the hole.
Page 84 and 85: 2066 SF BKC 1940, El 181 (F158). Co
Page 86 and 87: Stone vessel? (Fig 79; 2079) 2086 F
Page 88 and 89: Fig 82 Factory and open lamps, and
Page 90 and 91: Fig 85 Drop- and ring-handles from
Page 92 and 93: Fig 87 Bone and antler inlay (1:1)
Page 94 and 95: have been broken, but used after th
Page 96 and 97: tapering from 23.0 to 15.0 mm wide,
Page 98: plate appears to have formed a prot
Page 101 and 102: Fig 94 Bone counters (1:1) GLASS CO
Page 103 and 104: of a roundel is largely dictated by
Page 105 and 106: Fig 100 Tile counters (1:2) Diamete
Page 108 and 109: CATEGORY 6: OBJECTS EMPLOYED IN WEI
Page 110 and 111: WEIGHTS (Fig 105; 2510-2515) 2510 F
Page 112 and 113: CATEGORY 7: OBJECTS USED FOR OR ASS
Page 114 and 115: CATEGORY8: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WITH
Page 116 and 117: CATEGORY 9: BUILDINGS AND SERVICES
Page 118 and 119: attachment was probably not particu
Page 120 and 121: IRON KNIFE OR CLEAVER BLADES (Fig 1
Page 122 and 123: 2956 Fig 114 SF LWC 3452, J1232 F41
Page 124 and 125: CATEGORY 11: FASTENINGS AND FITTING
Page 128 and 129: laminated armour). There are copper
Page 130 and 131: arm (externally) 48.5 mm. 4080 Fig
Page 132 and 133: MISCELLANEOUS FITTINGS (Fig 134; 41
Page 134 and 135: Fig 137 Lock-pins (1:1) Fig 138 Lat
Page 136 and 137: CATEGORY 12: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 138 and 139: CATEGORY 13: MILITARY EQUIPMENT The
Page 140 and 141: Fig 146 Shield binding (1:1) Fig 14
Page 142 and 143: slightly distorted belt-plate with
Page 144 and 145: Fig 154 Decorated front plate of an
Page 146 and 147: on late Roman military belts. The s
Page 148 and 149: LATE ROMAN BELT-FITTINGS, PROBABLY
Page 150 and 151: CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOCIATED WIT
Page 152 and 153: figures, such as the series of enam
Page 154 and 155: seems to have been a realistically
Page 156 and 157: Fig 180 Amulets (1:1) respectively.
Page 158 and 159: CATEGORY 15: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 160 and 161: Fig 185 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 162 and 163: Fig 186 Worked bone from Balkerne L
Page 164 and 165: Fig 188 Lanceolate leaves without p
Page 166 and 167: Fig 190 Strip mounts from Butt Road
Page 168 and 169: Fig 192 Miscellaneous mounts from B
Page 170 and 171: CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS AND WASTE MATE
Page 172 and 173: Fig 199 Bone ?pegs (1:1) 4472 Fig 1
Page 174 and 175: Fig 202 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 204 Miscellaneous copper-alloy
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Fig 206 Miscellaneous iron objects
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Fig 209 Miscellaneous bone objects
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Fig 211 Antler object (1:2) Fig 212
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BIBLIOGRAPHY Abbreviations BM Briti
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groups' in Britannia, 7, 192-209 Si
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OBJECT INDEX References are given t
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INDEX OF OBJECTS BY MATERIALS Amber
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Shale, see Jet Stones and minerals
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CONTENTS Category 1: personal ornam
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Type 60 The simplest and commonest
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Page 139 merge towards the foot. Th
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Group 7: T-shaped brooches (Fig 9;
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Type 266 Small wheel-shaped brooche
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HAIRPINS Bone pins Unless otherwise
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149 SF MID 558. A2010 L241. General
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186 SF BKC 4841(C), N310. Period 6?
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Page 201 Type 3 Pins with a more or
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Page 203 251 SF BKC 490(C). A9 L1.
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Page 205 287 SF BKC 2802(C), H298 (
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Head A, crude. Page 207 329 SF BKC
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Type 4 Pins with a faceted cuboid h
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Page 211 74.0 mm long. Three rings.
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Shaft fragments Page 213 454 SF LWC
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Page 215 72.0 mm. The shaft is very
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532 SF BKC 4516. Tl. Unstratified.
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561 SF LWC 2556. M121. Rampart la.
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diameter 6.0 mm. Translucent dark b
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diameter 5.5 mm. Translucent dark g
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diameter 4.0 mm. Translucent dark g
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1420 SF BUC 709. C1394 G406. Grave
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Plain (1511-1553) ARMLETS Shale and
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thickness 5.5 mm. height 90 mm. 153
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height 5.0 mm. 1552 SF BUC 1513. H2
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1572 SF CPS 336(C), 533 F116. Robbe
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Early (Fig 40; 1586-1587) Both in p
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1614 SF BUC 336(C), B700 G115. Prob
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53.0 mm. four circular-section stra
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joints fixed by a single copper-all
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1690 SF BUC 953. E149 L13. Destruct
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Bead-imitative (Fig 46; 1715-1723)
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Plain (Fig 49; 1739) In printed cat
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Notched. crenellated (Fig 50; 1764-
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(1807), a coin of Diadumenian (AD 2
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BUCKLES AND BELT-PLATES Unless othe
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1838 SF BUC 492. C456 G274. Grave d
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In printed catalogue (Fig 57; 1850)
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(Fig 60; 1861-1S64) STIRRING-RODS 1
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Type 3 Nail-cleaners with a virtual
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TOILET SPOONS All objects are of co
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1923 SF BKC 5347, N419 F117. Period
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TOILET SETS All the pieces are of c
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CATEGORY 3: TEXTILE MANUFACTURE AND
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1983 SF BKC 4532(C), T229 F159. Pit
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SPINDLEWHORLS All in microfiche cat
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CATEGORY 4: HOUSEHOLD UTENSILS AND
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2041 SF BKC 2162, G47 Fll. Timber-l
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LAMPS Picture lamps All are in prin
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2120 SF LWC 3527(C), J1424 F180? Ro
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(Fig 86; 2146-2149) Bone inlay All
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CATEGORY 5: RECREATION Page 287 COU
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natural bone surface, this shape co
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formed by two converging strokes jo
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Pottery counters Counters with a gr
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abraded, especially the outer one.
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2338 SF BKC 844, A184 L3. Topsoil a
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2354 SF BKC 2678. HI L2. Topsoil. P
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2374 SF BKC 5332. T283 L67. Cellar
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Counters with no abraded surface bu
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2415 SF BKC 767. A unstratified. Wa
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2440 SF LWC 4080. Hi79 F49. Pit. Po
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counter is a rough. the graffito is
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later. 2471 SF BKC 411. A92 (L12),
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(Fig 100; 2483-2495) Tile counters
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Page 315 CATEGORY 61 OBJECTS EMPLOY
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Page 317 CATEGORY 7! OBJECTS USED F
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STYLI All objects are copper-alloy
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Length 60.0 mm (distorted), 2541 SF
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edges. 2552 SF LWC 1061. A64. Topso
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2578 SF LWC 1335. E63. Topsoil over
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2604 SF LWC 2504. J367. Period 4b d
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2631-2 SF LWC 3108. K255 F126. Pit.
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2659 SF BKC 311. A72 F16. Town ditc
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edge. 2684 SF BKC 5047. G392. Backf
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and dark purple marble. Veneer. 11.
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fragment. 2737 SF BKC 6051. V809 F2
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2757 SFBUC 1395. A301 L1. Post-medi
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Purbeck marble. Veneer strip. 12.5
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Purbeck marble. Veneer. 44.5 mm thi
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2844 SF CPS 967. 821 Ft 18. Robber
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2882 SF BKC 1679(C), E601 F178 Pipe
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One-piece handles a) plain (Fig 110
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the remaining part. There are two r
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(Fig 114? 2952-2972) HONES 2952 SF
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(Fig 115;2973-2981) VARIOUS IRON TO
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2993 SF LWC 2533. J476. Machine cle
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Polygonal section shaft. Length 22.
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With a flat head (Fig 117; 3051-308
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Diameter of head 4.0 mm. Square sec
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Probably originally flat. the centr
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The head is partly folded over. Dia
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Page 369 3172 SF BKC 3392» J200 F4
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3198 SF CPS 712(C), 734 L101. Make-
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Iron nails- and studs Page 373 Only
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Page 375 3329 LWC B643 Period 1 Nai
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Page 377 3397 LWC J508 F59 " Nail 1
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Page 37? 3495 BKC A77 (L8) Anglo-Sa
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Page 381 3611 BKC Hill F33 " Hail 1
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Page 383 3687 BKC J43 L6 Probably P
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Page 385 3803 BKC K557 LI22 Period
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Page 387 3878 BKC N582 L96 Period 5
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Page 389 3994 CPS 576 F115 " Hail 1
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All are of copper alloy. BOSSES Con
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DOUBLE-SPIKED LOOPS Loops are coppe
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In printed catalogue (Fig 128? 4075
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(Fig 131; 4085-4097) HINGE FITTINGS
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BINDING All the pieces are of coppe
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(Fig 136; 4130-4141) Lock-bolts 413
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Keys of uncertain type (4157-4158)
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Belt and apron fittings CATEGORY 13
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Copper-alloy strap-loops Cavalry ha
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Sword (Fig 153; 4227-4228) Arms 422
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Sword Arms Both in printed catalogu
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Page 413 CATEGORY 14: OBJECTS ASSOC
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IRON COFFIN-FITTINGS All in printed
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Page 417 CATEGORY 16: ANTLER-, HORN
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4319) The sawn off proximal end of
Page 430 and 431:
Page 421 CATEGORY 17: OBJECTS ASSOC
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shaped section. Internal diameter 1
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copper-alloy wire double loop-in-lo
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4458 SF BKC 4210. N143 F33. Pit. Pe
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(4473-4600) SHEET COPPER ALLOY 4473
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parallel edges. 19.5 by 10.5 mm. 45
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Dimensions straightened out. 35.5 b
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4558 SF CPS 730. 773 L108. Make-up.
Page 446 and 447:
ight angles. 31.5 by 26.0 mm. 4591
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4646 SF BKC 5181. V287 L25. Dump. P
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4669 SF LWC 3515. J140S F459. Pit.
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(Figs 207 and 208? 4695-4743) MISCE
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61.5 mm. 4733 SF BKC 5257. V595 L72
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Colchester Archaeological Report 2: The Roman small finds

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